PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Richardoestesia

Reptilia - Dromaeosauridae

Taxonomy

Richardoestesia was named by Currie et al. (1990). It is considered to be a form taxon.

It was assigned to Theropoda by Zinke (1998), Peng et al. (2001); to Coelurosauria by Holtz et al. (2004); to Paraves by Longrich (2008); to Troodontidae by Longrich (2008); to Maniraptora by Currie et al. (1990), Sankey et al. (2002), Sankey et al. (2005), Carbot-Chanona and Rivera-Sylva (2011); to Theropoda by Eberth et al. (2001), Williamson and Brusatte (2014); to Dromaeosauridae by Hendrickx and Mateus (2014); and to Coelurosauria by Jasinski et al. (2011), Torices et al. (2015).

Species

Asiamericana asiatica, R. asiatica, R. gilmorei, R. isosceles

Synonyms

Asiamericana was named by Nessov (1995).

It was synonymized subjectively with Richardoestesia by Sues and Averianov (2013).

It was assigned to Spinosauridae by Nessov (1995); to Theropoda by Currie (2000); and to Saurodontidae by Ryan (1997), Buffetaut et al. (2008).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1990	Richardoestesia Currie et al. pp. 116-117
1995	Asiamericana Nessov p. 45 figs. Pl. 2:9
1997	Asiamericana Ryan p. 443
1998	Richardoestesia Zinke p. 184
2000	Asiamericana Currie p. 449
2001	Richardoestesia Eberth et al. p. 56
2001	Richardoestesia Peng et al. p. 39
2002	Richardoestesia Sankey et al. p. 755
2004	Richardoestesia Holtz, Jr. et al. p. 77
2005	Richardoestesia Sankey et al. p. 142
2008	Asiamericana Buffetaut et al. p. 747
2008	Richardoestesia Longrich p. 143
2011	Richardoestesia Carbot-Chanona and Rivera-Sylva p. 395
2011	Richardoestesia Jasinski et al. p. 226
2014	Richardoestesia Hendrickx and Mateus
2014	Richardoestesia Williamson and Brusatte p. 13
2015	Richardoestesia Torices et al. p. 618

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida

Rank	Name	Author
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Theropoda	()
—	Neotheropoda
—	Averostra	Paul 2002
—	Tetanurae
—	Coelurosauria	()
—	Maniraptora
—	Paraves
infraorder	Deinonychosauria
family	Dromaeosauridae
genus	Richardoestesia

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Richardoestesia Currie et al. 1990

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†Richardoestesia asiatica Nessov 1995

†Richardoestesia gilmorei Currie et al. 1990

†Richardoestesia isosceles Sankey 2001

Invalid names: Asiamericana Nessov 1995 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
L. A. Nessov 1995 (Asiamericana)	The teeth are straight and, unlike those of the majority of other theropods, have a plane of symmetry perpendicular to the one passing through the apex of the crown and its two cutting edges.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Entire body:

yeso

Adult length:

10 to < 100o

Adult width:

1.0 to < 10o

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10o

Architecture:

compact or denseo

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partso

Grouping:

solitaryo

Environment:

terrestrialf

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

ground dwellingf

Diet:

carnivoref

Reproduction:

oviparousf

Dispersal:

direct/internalo

Dispersal 2:

mobileo

Created:

2005-09-11 17:04:18

Modified:

2005-09-11 19:04:18

Source: f = family, o = order

References: Marsh 1875, Holtz et al. 2000

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Kimmeridgian to the top of the Lancian or 152.21000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (185 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Kimmeridgian	154.8 - 149.2	Portugal (Leiria)	R. sp. (24563)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian	154.8 - 143.1	USA (Wyoming)	R. sp. (49636)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian	152.21 - 149.2	Portugal (Lourinha)	R. gilmorei (154213)
Valanginian	137.05 - 132.6	Russian Federation (Buryat)	Dromaeosauridae indet. (229031)
Late/Upper Barremian	125.77 - 121.4	Spain (Cuenca)	R. sp. (61319)
Late/Upper Aptian	119.57 - 113.2	USA (Maryland)	R. sp. (14376)
Albian	113.2 - 100.5	USA (Arkansas)	R. sp. (222851)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	USA (Utah)	R. isosceles (73612) R. sp. (14396 14403 200123)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Uzbekistan (Navoi)	R. asiatica (58208 64684)
Late/Upper Cretaceous	100.5 - 66.0	France (Languedoc-Roussillon)	Deinonychosauria indet. (74659)
Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Uzbekistan (Navoi)	Asiamericana asiatica (58168) R. asiatica (46959 58165 58166 58173 58174 58179)
Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Uzbekistan (Xorazm)	R. asiatica (92328)
Judithian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Wyoming)	R. isosceles (14458 14465)
Judithian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Texas)	R. gilmorei, R. isosceles (14488) R. sp. (14489)
Judithian	83.6 - 72.2	Canada (Alberta)	R. gilmorei (14463)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Spain (Castilla y Leon)	R. sp. (28765) R. sp. A, R. sp. B (28406)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Mexico (Coahuila)	R. gilmorei (59114)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Canada (Alberta)	Chirostenotes pergracilis (45684) R. gilmorei (34307 34320 45671 45674 45892 45897 45898 89605 152280) R. gilmorei, R. sp. (22697) R. isosceles (52991 76030 76752 77259) R. sp. (22695 22696 22698 45238 45260 45261 45264 46953 47784 47791 47811 47814 47816 67871 67872 67873 67874 67881 67893 67894) R. sp., R. isosceles (53049)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Mexico (Baja California)	R. gilmorei, R. isosceles (197021)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Montana)	R. sp. (22689)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (New Mexico)	R. isosceles (154661) R. sp. (154423 154425 156148 229119 230005) Theropoda indet. (230010)
Middle Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Canada (Alberta)	R. gilmorei (45561 45564 45565) R. gilmorei, Aves indet. (45566) R. isosceles (152279) R. sp. (45240 47794 47795 47809 67879)
Middle Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Montana)	R. gilmorei (14437)
Middle Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)	Deinonychosauria indet. (59269)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Texas)	R. gilmorei, R. isosceles (68001) R. isosceles (68002 68006 68007 68008) R. sp., R. gilmorei, R. isosceles, R. gilmorei (68003)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Canada (Alberta)	R. gilmorei (45821 45894) R. isosceles, R. gilmorei (45819)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Montana)	R. gilmorei (14434 14457) R. sp. (14462)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	USA (Colorado)	R. sp. (167302)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	Canada (Alberta)	R. gilmorei (34744 152271)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	Spain (Castilla-La Mancha)	Velociraptorinae indet. (91781)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Spain (Cataluña)	Dromaeosauridae indet. 4 (36728) Dromaeosaurinae indet. 4 (36727) R. sp. (36731 38677)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Romania (Hunedoara)	R. sp. (13334 193942 193946)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Canada (Alberta)	R. sp. (55363 60563 135741)
Lancian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Wyoming)	R. sp. (14505 14519 14540 14543 14566 14577 14596 70343 75287 75432)
Lancian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (North Dakota)	R. isosceles (14610)
Lancian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Montana)	R. gilmorei (14507 14515 14536 14548 14560 14574 14582) R. isosceles (14525 14535 14546 14616 14624) R. sp. (14508 14521 14568 14575 14580 14605 14617 14623 14639 14647 14650 14653) R. sp., R. gilmorei, R. isosceles (14549)
Lancian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (New Mexico)	R. sp. (14518)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Wyoming)	R. isosceles (14585 137798) R. sp. (26760)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Canada (Alberta)	Tyrannosauridae indet. (14569)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Spain (Aragón)	Dromaeosauridae indet. 7, Dromaeosauridae indet. 4 (45437)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Spain (Cataluña)	R. sp. (148950)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (North Dakota)	R. isosceles (45098 45099 45102 45109 45110 45111 45112 45114 45118 45120 45122 45130 45136 45144 45299)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (New Mexico)	R. sp. (59068)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Russian Federation (Amur)	R. sp. 1, R. sp. 2 (38134)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Romania (Hunedoara)	R. sp. (27894 193675 193944 219177)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (South Dakota)	R. isosceles (45390) R. sp. (224484)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Montana)	R. isosceles (183109)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Montana)	R. gilmorei, R. isosceles (85498) R. isosceles (85499)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (North Dakota)	R. isosceles (45113)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (South Dakota)	R. isosceles (45391)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Mexico (Chiapas)	R. isosceles (133007)