Basic info Taxonomic history Classification Included Taxa
Morphology Ecology and taphonomy External Literature Search Age range and collections

Dichobunoidea

Mammalia

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1872Dichobunoidea Gill
1938Dichobunoidea Colbert p. 105
1971Dichobunoidea Sahni and Khare p. 50
1986Dichobunoidea Hooker p. 376
1997Dichobunoidea McKenna and Bell p. 399
2004Dichobunoidea Kondrashov et al. p. 205
2004Dichobunoidea Metais et al. p. 179
2004Dichobunoidea Vislobokova p. 90
2005Dichobunoidea Boisserie et al.
2007Dichobunoidea Theodor et al. p. 39
2010Dichobunoidea Kumar et al. p. 1247

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
RankNameAuthor
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
superfamilyDichobunoideaGill 1872
superfamilyDichobunoideaGill 1872

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superfm. †Dichobunoidea Gill 1872
show all | hide all
G. †Acoessus Cope 1881
Fm. †Cebochoeridae Lydekker
+
G. †Acotherulum Gervais 1850
+
†Acotherulum campichii Pictet 1855
†Acotherulum pumilum Stehlin 1908
†Acotherulum quercyi Stehlin 1908
†Acotherulum saturninum Gervais 1850
G. †Cebochoerus Gervais 1852
+
†Cebochoerus anceps Gervais 1852
†Cebochoerus fontensis Sudre 1978
†Cebochoerus helveticus Pictet and Humbert 1869
†Cebochoerus lacustris Gervais 1856
†Cebochoerus robiacensis Deperet 1917
†Cebochoerus ruetimeyeri Stehlin 1908
+
Invalid names: Choeromorus jurensis Stehlin 1908 [synonym]
G. †Choeromorus Gervais 1848
G. †Gervachoerus Sudre 1978
+
†Gervachoerus dawsoni Sudre 1978
†Gervachoerus jaegeri Sudre 1978
†Gervachoerus minor Gervais 1876
†Gervachoerus suillus Gervais 1859
G. †Moiachoerus Golpe-Posse 1972
+
†Moiachoerus simpsoni Golpe-Posse 1972
Fm. †Dichobunidae Gill 1872
+
G. †Aksyiria Gabunia 1973
+
†Aksyiria oligostus Gabunia 1973
G. †Cadutherium Métais et al. 2007
+
†Cadutherium kyaukmagyi Métais et al. 2007
G. †Chorlakkia Gingerich et al. 1979
+
†Chorlakkia hassani Gingerich et al. 1979
†Chorlakkia valerii Vislobokova 2004
Subfm. †Dichobuninae Turner 1849
+
G. †Aumelasia Sudre 1980
+
†Aumelasia gabineaudi Sudre 1980
†Aumelasia maniai Erfurt and Haubold 1989
†Aumelasia menieli Sudre 1983
†Aumelasia sudrei Godinot et al. 2018
G. †Buxobune Sudre 1978
+
†Buxobune daubreei Sudre 1978
G. †Dichobune Cuvier 1822
+
†Dichobune fraasi Schlosser 1902
†Dichobune jehennei Brunet and Sudre 1980
†Dichobune leporina Cuvier 1822
†Dichobune robertiana Gervais 1848
†Dichobune sigei Sudre 1978
G. †Meniscodon Rütimeyer 1888
+
†Meniscodon europaeum Rutimeyer 1888
†Meniscodon picteti Rutimeyer 1891
G. †Messelobunodon Franzen 1980
+
†Messelobunodon ceciliensis Franzen and Krumbiegel 1980
†Messelobunodon schaeferi Franzen 1980
G. †Metriotherium Filhol 1882
+
†Metriotherium mirabile Filhol 1882
†Metriotherium paulum Stehlin 1906
†Metriotherium sarelense Astruc et al. 2003
G. †Neufferia Franzen 1994
+
†Neufferia manderscheidi Franzen 1994
G. †Protodichobune Lemoine 1891
+
†Protodichobune hellmundi Godinot et al. 2018
†Protodichobune oweni Lemoine 1878
G. †Synaphodus Pomel 1848
+
Invalid names: Dichobunini Turner 1849 [empty]
G. †Dulcidon Van Valen 1965
+
†Dulcidon gandaensis Dehm and Oettingen-Spielberg 1958
Subfm. †Eurodexeinae Erfurt and Sudre 1996
+
G. †Eurodexis Erfurt and Sudre 1996
+
†Eurodexis ceciliensis Franzen and Krumbiegel 1980
†Eurodexis russelli Sudre and Erfurt 1996
G. †Eygalayodon Sudre and Marandat 1993
+
†Eygalayodon montenati Sudre and Marandat 1993
G. †Lutzia Franzen 1994
+
†Lutzia eckfeldensis Franzen 1994
G. †Parahexacodus Erfurt and Sudre 1996
+
†Parahexacodus germanicus Erfurt and Sudre 1996
G. †Haqueina Dehm and Oettingen-Spielberg 1958
+
†Haqueina haichinensis Vislobokova 2004
Subfm. †Helohyinae Marsh 1877
+
G. †Apriculus Gazin 1956
+
†Apriculus praeteritus Gazin 1956
Subfm. †Hyperdichobuninae Gentry and Hooker 1988
+
G. †Hyperdichobune Stehlin 1910
+
†Hyperdichobune hammeli Sudre 1978
†Hyperdichobune langi Rutimeyer 1891
†Hyperdichobune nobilis Stehlin 1906
†Hyperdichobune spinifera Stehlin 1906
G. †Mouillacitherium Filhol 1882
+
†Mouillacitherium carteri Rutimeyer 1891
†Mouillacitherium cartieri Rutimeyer 1891
†Mouillacitherium elegans Filhol 1882
Subfm. †Lantianiinae Metais et al. 2004
+
G. †Elaschitotherium Metais et al. 2004
+
†Elaschitotherium crepaturus Metais et al. 2008
†Elaschitotherium qii Metais et al. 2004
G. †Eolantianius Averianov 1996
+
†Eolantianius russelli Averianov 1996
G. †Lantianius Chow 1964
+
†Lantianius xiehuensis Chow 1964
G. †Neochorlakkia Ducrocq et al. 2022
+
†Neochorlakkia myaingensis Ducrocq et al. 2022
G. †Pakibune Thewissen et al. 1987
+
†Pakibune chorlakkiensis Thewissen et al. 1987
G. †Paraphenacodus Gabunia 1971
+
†Paraphenacodus solivagus Gabunia 1971
G. †Wutuhyus Tong and Wang 2006
+
†Wutuhyus primiveris Tong and Wang 2006
Invalid names: Diacodexinae Gazin 1955 [empty]
Fm. †Helohyidae Marsh 1877
+
G. †Achaenodon Cope 1873
+
†Achaenodon fremdi Lucas et al. 2004
†Achaenodon insolens Cope 1873
†Achaenodon robustus Osborn 1883
†Achaenodon uintense Osborn 1895
Invalid names: Protelotherium Osborn 1895 [synonym]
G. †Archaenodon Cope 1873
+
†Archaenodon insolens Cope 1873
G. †Discritochoerus Gazin 1956
+
G. †Dyscritochoerus Gazin 1956
+
G. †Gobiohyus Matthew and Granger 1925
+
†Gobiohyus orientalis Matthew and Granger 1925
†Gobiohyus pressidens Matthew and Granger 1925
†Gobiohyus reshetovi Vislobokova 2004
†Gobiohyus robustus Matthew and Granger 1925
†Gobiohyus yuanchuensis Young 1937
G. †Heliosus Burger and Jolley 2020
+
†Heliosus apophis Burger and Jolley 2020
G. †Helohyus Marsh 1872
+
†Helohyus lentus Marsh 1871
+
Invalid names: Parahyus aberrans Marsh 1894 [synonym]
†Helohyus milleri Sinclair 1914
+
Invalid names: Lophiohyus alticeps Sinclair 1914 [synonym]
†Helohyus plicodon Marsh 1872
+
Invalid names: Thinotherium validum Marsh 1872 [synonym]
Invalid names: Ithygrammodon cameloides Osborn et al. 1878 [nomen dubium], Lophiohyus Sinclair 1914 [synonym], Thinotherium Marsh 1872 [synonym], Thinotherium Cope 1870 [synonym]
G. †Ithygrammodon Osborn et al. 1878
G. †Lophiohys
G. †Pakkokuhyus Holroyd and Ciochon 1995
+
†Pakkokuhyus lahirii Pilgrim 1928
+
Invalid names: Siamotherium pondaungensis Ducroq and Soe 2000 [synonym]
G. †Parahyus Marsh 1876
+
†Parahyus vagus Marsh 1876
G. †Progenitohyus Ducrocq et al. 1997
+
†Progenitohyus thailandicus Ducrocq et al. 1997
Fm. †Homacodontidae Marsh 1849
+
G. †Antiacodon Marsh 1872
+
†Antiacodon crassus Cope 1875
†Antiacodon furcatus Cope 1873
†Antiacodon pygmaeus Cope 1872
+
Invalid names: Nanomeryx caudatus Marsh 1894 [synonym]
†Antiacodon vanvaleni Guthrie 1971
†Antiacodon venustus Marsh 1872
Invalid names: Nanomeryx Marsh 1894 [synonym], Sarcolemur bicuspis Loomis 1907 [nomen nudum]
G. †Asiohomacodon Tsubamoto et al. 2003
+
†Asiohomacodon myanmarensis Tsubamoto et al. 2003
G. †Auxontodon Gazin 1958
+
†Auxontodon pattersoni Gazin 1958
†Auxontodon processus Storer 1984
G. †Bunomeryx Wortman 1898
+
†Bunomeryx montanus Wortman 1898
+
Invalid names: Bunomeryx elegans Wortman 1898 [synonym]
G. †Gagadon Stucky and Covert 2014
+
†Gagadon minimonstrum Stucky and Covert 2014
G. †Hexacodus Gazin 1952
+
†Hexacodus pelodes Gazin 1952
†Hexacodus uintensis Gazin 1952
G. †Homacodon Marsh 1872
+
†Homacodon priscus Marsh 1894
†Homacodon pucillus Marsh 1894
†Homacodon vagans Marsh 1872
G. †Hylomeryx Peterson 1919
+
†Hylomeryx annectens Peterson 1919
†Hylomeryx quadricuspis Peterson 1919
Invalid names: Sphenomeryx Peterson 1919 [synonym]
G. †Limeryx Metais et al. 2005
+
†Limeryx chimaera Metais et al. 2005
G. †Mesomeryx Peterson 1919
+
†Mesomeryx grangeri Peterson 1919
G. †Microsus Leidy 1870
+
†Microsus cuspidatus Leidy 1870
G. †Mytonomeryx Gazin 1955
+
†Mytonomeryx scotti Gazin 1955
G. †Pentacemylus Peterson 1932
+
†Pentacemylus leotensis Gazin 1955
†Pentacemylus progressus Peterson 1932
G. †Texodon West 1982
+
†Texodon meridianus West 1982
G. †Tsaganohyus Kondrashov et al. 2004
+
†Tsaganohyus pecus Kondrashov et al. 2004
Invalid names: Bunomerycini Gentry and Hooker 1988 [empty], Homacodontini Marsh 1894 [empty]
Fm. †Leptochoeridae Marsh 1894
+
G. †Ibarus Storer 1984
+
†Ibarus ignotus Storer 1984
G. †Laredochoerus Westgate 1994
+
†Laredochoerus edwardsi Westgate 1994
G. †Leptochoerus Leidy 1856
+
†Leptochoerus elegans Macdonald 1955
+
Invalid names: Nanochoerus scotti Macdonald 1955 [synonym]
†Leptochoerus emilyae Edwards 1976
+
Invalid names: Laopithecus robustus Marsh 1875 [synonym], Leptochoerus gracilis Marsh 1894 [synonym]
†Leptochoerus supremus Macdonald 1955
Invalid names: Laopithecus Marsh 1875 [synonym]
G. †Stibarus Cope 1873
+
†Stibarus montanus Matthew 1903
†Stibarus obtusilobus Cope 1873
+
Invalid names: Stibarus lemurinus Cope 1874 [synonym]
†Stibarus quadricuspis Hatcher 1901
+
Invalid names: Stibarus loomisi Scott 1940 [synonym]
†Stibarus yoderensis Macdonald 1955
Invalid names: Menotherium Cope 1874 [synonym], Nanochoerus Macdonald 1955 [synonym]
Invalid names: Diacodexis woltonensis Krishtalka and Stucky 1985 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. †Mixtotheriidae Pearson 1927
+
G. †Mixtotherium Filhol 1880
+
†Mixtotherium cuspidatum Filhol 1880
†Mixtotherium depressum Filhol 1884
†Mixtotherium gresslyi Rutimeyer 1891
†Mixtotherium infans Stehlin 1910
†Mixtotherium leenhardti Stehlin 1908
†Mixtotherium priscum Stehlin 1908
†Mixtotherium quercyi Filhol 1884
Fm. †Raoellidae Sahni et al. 1981
+
G. †Indohyus Ranga Rao 1971
+
†Indohyus indirae Ranga Rao 1971
+
Invalid names: Haqueina haquei Dehm and Oettingen-Spielberg 1958 [synonym], Indohyus kalakotensis Ranga Rao 1971 [synonym], Kunmunella rajauriensis Sahni and Khare 1971 [synonym], Kunmunella transversa Kumar and Sahni 1985 [synonym], Metkatius kashmiriensis Kumar and Sahni 1985 [synonym], Raoella dograi Sahni and Khare 1971 [synonym]
†Indohyus major Thewissen et al. 1987
Invalid names: Kunmunella Sahni and Khare 1971 [synonym], Metkatius Kumar and Sahni 1985 [synonym], Raoella Sahni and Khare 1971 [synonym]
G. †Khirtharia Pilgrim 1940
+
†Khirtharia aurea Thewissen et al. 2001
†Khirtharia dayi Pilgrim 1940
†Khirtharia inflatus Ranga Rao 1972
Invalid names: Bunodentus Ranga Rao 1972 [synonym]
G. †Rajouria Rana et al. 2021
+
†Rajouria gunnelli Rana et al. 2021
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
E. H. Colbert 1938
Small, pnm1t1ve artiodactyls. Skull usually of generalized form; certain specializations appear in the most advanced and latest genera. Basicranial foramina separate, basicranium normal, paroccipital processes short and projected posteriorly, auditory bulla usually cartilaginous. Orbit centrally located. Complete dental formula; upper molars with five or six cusps (protoconule and hypocone). Feet tetradactyl, metapodials not coalesced.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Maximum body mass: 10 kgs
Minimum body mass: 300 gs
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: grazero
Diet 2: browsero
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-08-26 14:03:05
Modified: 2005-09-19 12:23:23
Source: s = species, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Nowak 1999, Lillegraven 1979, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Blondel 1996, Legendre 1988

Age range: base of the Wasatchian to the top of the Langhian or 55.80000 to 13.82000 Ma

Collections (384 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom Protodichobune sp. (87950)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Kyrgyzstan (Osh) Eolantianius russelli (28490)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Champagne-Ardenne) Aumelasia menieli, Eurodexis russelli (28546) Protodichobune oweni, Aumelasia menieli (73387)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8India (Jammu and Kashmir) Metkatius kashmiriensis, Khirtharia inflatus, Kunmunella kalakotensis, Kunmunella transversa, Indohyus indirae (45588)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Champagne Ardenne) Protodichobune oweni, Aumelasia menieli (177753)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France Protodichobune oweni (183451)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Marne) Protodichobune oweni (181639) Protodichobune oweni, Aumelasia menieli, Eurodexis russelli (35539 35540 181653)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.3France (Languedoc-Roussillon Region) Dichobune robertiana, Cebochoerus ruetimeyeri, Hyperdichobune sp. (31717)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.3France (Languedoc-Roussillon) Dichobune robertiana, Hyperdichobune sp., Cebochoerus dawsoni (182519)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.3France (Occitanie) Aumelasia sudrei, Protodichobune hellmundi (195457)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
MP 2233.9 - 28.4France Dichobune jehennei (183452)
MP 2433.9 - 28.4France (Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées) Metriotherium mirabile (182658)
MP 2533.9 - 23.03Spain (Cuenca) Metriotherium mirabile (184097)
Whitneyan33.3 - 30.8USA (Nebraska) Leptochoerus elegans (17416) Leptochoerus spectabilis (17409 17412 17419)
Whitneyan33.3 - 30.8Canada (Saskatchewan) Leptochoerus sp. (17372)
Whitneyan33.3 - 30.8USA (South Dakota) Leptochoeridae indet. (17359) Leptochoerus sp. (17338) Leptochoerus sp., Nanochoerus sp. (17384) Leptochoerus supremus (17329) Nanochoerus sp. (17312)
Whitneyan33.3 - 30.8USA (Colorado) Leptochoerus spectabilis (17426)
Geringian30.8 - 26.3USA (South Dakota) Leptochoerus sp. (17630 17644)
MP 2628.4 - 23.03France (Occitanie) Metriotherium sarelense (183674)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Spain (Catalonia) Choeromorus ibericus (180192)