PBDB Taxon

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Pararachnastraea

Anthozoa - Stauriida - Durhaminidae

Taxonomy

Pararachnastraea was named by Stevens and Rycerski (1989) [Sepkoski's age data: C Step-u Sepkoski's reference number: 1240]. It is not extant. Its type is Pararachnastraea lewisi.

It was assigned to Rugosa by Sepkoski (2002); and to Durhaminidae by Stevens and Stone (2009).

Species

P. amsburyi, P. bellula, P. delicata, P. dyeri, P. gracilis, P. illipahensis, P. integrata, P. kabyaiensis, P. klamathensis, P. lewisi (syn. Kleopatrina stikinensis) (type species), P. lyallensis, P. mckibbinae, P. moormanensis, P. owensensis, P. peggyae, P. stylidophylloides, P. tschernyschewi, P. watkinsi, P. wilsoni

Synonyms

Pararachnastraea was named by Stevens and Rycerski (1989) [Sepkoski's age data: P Wc Sepkoski's reference number: 856].

It was synonymized objectively with Pararachnastraea by Novack-Gottshall (2025).

It was assigned to Rugosa by Sepkoski (2002).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1989	Pararachnastraea Stevens and Rycerski
2002	Pararachnastraea Sepkoski
2009	Pararachnastraea Stevens and Stone

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
phylum	Cnidaria	Hatschek 1888
class	Anthozoa	Ehrenberg 1834
—	Hexacorallia	()
subclass	Rugosa	(Milne-Edwards and Haime 1850)

Rank	Name	Author
order	Stauriida	Verrill 1865
suborder	Columnariina	Rominger 1876
family	Durhaminidae	Minato and Kato 1965
genus	Pararachnastraea

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Pararachnastraea Stevens and Rycerski 1989

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†Pararachnastraea amsburyi Stevens 1995

†Pararachnastraea bellula Stevens and Stone 2009

†Pararachnastraea delicata Stevens and Stone 2009

†Pararachnastraea dyeri Stevens 1995

†Pararachnastraea gracilis Dobrolyubova 1941

†Pararachnastraea illipahensis Easton 1960

†Pararachnastraea integrata Kossovaya 1997

†Pararachnastraea kabyaiensis Kawamura and Stevens 2012

†Pararachnastraea klamathensis Kawamura and Stevens 2012

†Pararachnastraea lewisi Stevens and Rycerski 1989

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Invalid names: Kleopatrina stikinensis Stevens and Rycerski 1989 [synonym]

†Pararachnastraea lyallensis Fedorowski et al. 2007

†Pararachnastraea mckibbinae Wilson 1982

†Pararachnastraea moormanensis Stevens 2010

†Pararachnastraea owensensis Stevens and Stone 2009

†Pararachnastraea peggyae Wilson 1982

†Pararachnastraea stylidophylloides Dobrolyubova 1941

†Pararachnastraea tschernyschewi Minato 1960

†Pararachnastraea watkinsi Kawamura and Stevens 2012

†Pararachnastraea wilsoni Fedorowski et al. 2007

Invalid names: Pararachnastraea Stevens and Rycerski 1989 [objective synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

low Mg calciteo

Locomotion:

stationaryo

Attached:

yeso

Life habit:

epifaunalo

Diet:

suspension feedero

Vision:

blindc

Created:

2004-02-27 16:55:09

Modified:

2004-02-28 16:53:57

Source: o = order, c = class

Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Bashkirian to the top of the Kungurian or 323.20000 to 272.30000 Ma

Collections (66 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Bashkirian	323.2 - 315.2	USA (California)	P. klamathensis, P. watkinsi, P. kabyaiensis (229811)
Asselian	298.9 - 295.5	USA (California)	Kleopatrina peggyae (62659 62670)
Asselian	298.9 - 295.5	Canada (Nunavut)	P. gracilis (107861) P. stylidophylloides (107860 107940)
Asselian - Sakmarian	298.9 - 290.1	USA (Alaska)	P. gracilis (118799)
Wolfcampian	298.9 - 286.0	USA (California)	Kleopatrina mckibbinae (62692 62693)
Sakmarian	293.52 - 290.1	Canada (British Columbia)	Kleopatrina stikinensis (75831) P. lewisi (75829 107898)
Sakmarian	293.52 - 290.1	Russian Federation (Bashkortostan)	P. sp. (237747)
Sakmarian	293.52 - 290.1	Canada (Nunavut)	P. gracilis, P. lyallensis (107880) Wentzelella sp. (115631)
Sakmarian	293.52 - 290.1	USA (California)	Kleopatrina mckibbinae (62683)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	Mexico (Chihuahua)	Kleopatrina amsburyi (118797) Kleopatrina dyeri (118798)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	Canada (British Columbia)	P. lewisi (107934)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	USA (Nevada)	Kleopatrina illipahensis (107951) Lonsdaleia illipahensis (107563 107566 107567 107568 107569 107587) P. illipahensis (107986 108006 108011 108022 108024)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	Canada (Nunavut)	Lithostrotion borealis (119287) Lithostrotion portlocki (109633) P. tschernyschewi (107882 107903 107933)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	USA (California)	Kleopatrina svalbardense (120709 120710 120711) P. bellula (93295 118414 118417 118418 118420) P. delicata (93294)
Kungurian	279.3 - 272.3	USA (Nevada)	P. moormanensis (96010)
Kungurian	279.3 - 272.3	USA (California)	P. bellula (118415 118419 118421 118423 118425 118426 118427 118428 118429 118430) P. bellula, P. delicata (118424) P. bellula, P. owensensis (118422) P. owensensis (118416 118431 118432 118433 118434 118435 118436 118437)