PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Parahsuum

Protozoa - Nassellaria - Hsuidae

Taxonomy

Parahsuum was named by Yao (1982) [Sepkoski's age data: J Hett J Plie]. Its type is Parahsuum simplum.

It was assigned to Hsuidae by Hull (1997), De Wever et al. (2001); and to Nassellaria by Sepkoski (2002).

Species

Drulanta bella, Drulanta pulchra, Fantus exiguus, Fantus schoolhousensis, Lupherium nitidum, Lupherium snowshoense, P. carpathicum, P. edenshawi, P. formosum, P. hiconocosta, P. izeense, P. longiconicum, P. mostleri (syn. Drulanta mirifica), P. officerense, P. ovale (syn. P. takarazawaense), P. primitivum, P. publicum, P. simplum (type species), P. vizcainoense

Species lacking formal opinion data

P. aculeatum, P. cruciferum, P. dentatum, P. grande, P. hashimotoi, P. kanyoense, P. levicostatum, P. longiconum, P. magnum, P. natorense, P. nitidum, P. ovaletakarazawaense, P. parvum, P. transiens, P. transiensis

Synonyms

Drulanta was named by Yeh (1987) [Sepkoski's age data: J Plie-u J Toar-l Sepkoski's reference number: 763]. It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Parahsuum by O'Dogherty et al. (2009).

It was assigned to Crubidae by Yeh and Cheng (1998); and to Nassellaria by Sepkoski (2002).
Fantus was named by Yeh (1987) [Sepkoski's age data: J Plie-u J Toar-l Sepkoski's reference number: 763]. Its type is Fantus schoolhousensis.

It was synonymized subjectively with Parahsuum by Gorican et al. (2006).

It was assigned to Hsuidae by De Wever et al. (2001); and to Nassellaria by Sepkoski (2002).
Lupherium was named by Pessagno and Whalen (1982) [Sepkoski's age data: J Plie-u J Bajo Sepkoski's reference number: 756]. Its type is Lupherium snowshoense.

It was synonymized subjectively with Parahsuum by O'Dogherty et al. (2009).

It was assigned to Hsuidae by Carter et al. (1988); and to Nassellaria by Sepkoski (2002).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1982	Lupherium Pessagno, Jr. and Whalen p. 135
1982	Parahsuum Yao
1987	Fantus Yeh p. 61
1987	Drulanta Yeh p. 71
1988	Lupherium Carter et al. p. 51
1997	Parahsuum Hull
1998	Drulanta Yeh and Cheng p. 22
2001	Fantus De Wever et al. p. 265
2001	Parahsuum De Wever et al. p. 265
2002	Drulanta Sepkoski
2002	Fantus Sepkoski
2002	Lupherium Sepkoski
2002	Parahsuum Sepkoski

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Rank	Name	Author
—	Life
—	Eukaryota	()
class	Protozoa	Goldfuss 1820
subphylum	Sarcodina	Schmarda 1871
class	Reticularea	Lankester 1885
subclass	Radiolaria	(Müller 1858)

Rank	Name	Author
superorder	Polycystina	(Ehrenberg 1838)
order	Nassellaria	Ehrenberg 1875
superfamily	Archaeodictyomitracea	Pessagno 1976
family	Hsuidae
genus	Parahsuum	Yao 1982

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Parahsuum Yao 1982

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†Parahsuum carpathicum Widz and De Wever 1993

†Parahsuum edenshawi Carter 1988

†Parahsuum formosum Yeh 1987

†Parahsuum hiconocosta Baumgartner and De Wever 1995

†Parahsuum izeense Pessagno, Jr. and Whalen 1982

†Parahsuum longiconicum Sashida 1988

†Parahsuum mostleri Yeh 1987

hide

Invalid names: Drulanta mirifica Yeh 1987 [synonym]

†Parahsuum officerense Pessagno, Jr. and Whalen 1982

†Parahsuum ovale Hori and Yao 1988

hide

Invalid names: Parahsuum takarazawaense Sashida 1988 [synonym]

†Parahsuum primitivum Kozur and Mostler 1990

†Parahsuum publicum Hull 1997

†Parahsuum simplum Yao 1982

†Parahsuum vizcainoense Whalen and Carter 2002

Invalid names: Drulanta Yeh 1987 [synonym], Fantus Yeh 1987 [synonym], Lupherium Pessagno, Jr. and Whalen 1982 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

silicap

Environment:

marinep

Locomotion:

passively mobilep

Life habit:

planktonicp

Diet:

omnivorep

Created:

2005-01-28 01:13:47

Modified:

2005-01-28 03:13:47

Source: p = phylum

Reference: Kiessling 1999

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Triassic to the top of the Late/Upper Tithonian or 237.00000 to 143.10000 Ma

Collections (337 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Triassic	237.0 - 201.4	Japan	P. sp. (120054 120055 120057)
Early/Lower Hettangian	201.4 - 199.5	Japan	P. sp. (54227 54228 54230 54231 54234)
Early/Lower Hettangian	201.4 - 199.5	Canada (British Columbia)	P. sp. (54206 54207 54208 54209 94279 94390 97495 97496 97498)
Hettangian	201.4 - 199.5	Germany (Bayern)	P. simplum, P. primitivum (94833)
Hettangian	201.4 - 199.5	Turkey	P. simplum (33671)
Hettangian - Pliensbachian	201.4 - 184.2	Japan	P. longiconicum (120181) P. mostleri (120183 120186) P. simplum (120060 120061 120062 120063 120066 120067 120068 120070) P. simplum, P. longiconicum (120178 120179) P. simplum, P. longiconicum, P. ovale (120180 120189 120190) P. simplum, P. ovale (120065 120187 120188)
Early/Lower Jurassic	201.4 - 174.7	Japan	P. longiconicum (125775) P. mostleri, P. ovale (125774) P. sp., P. levicostatum (120132) P. sp., P. levicostatum, P. simplum (120137) P. sp., P. levicostatum, P. simplum, P. ovale (120133) P. sp., P. longiconum, P. simplum, P. ovale (120134 120139) P. sp., P. simplum (120135 120136 120140) P. sp., P. simplum, P. ovale (120138)
Early/Lower Jurassic	201.4 - 174.7	Turkey	P. simplum (130678)
Early/Lower Sinemurian	199.5 - 192.9	Canada (British Columbia)	P. simplum (94305 94306 94380)
Early/Lower Sinemurian	199.5 - 192.9	Philippines	Drulanta sp. A, P. sp. C, P. simplum, Drulanta mirifica, P. officerense (51814) Drulanta sp. B, P. hashimotoi, P. sp. A, Drulanta mirifica (51816) P. aculeatum, P. hashimotoi, P. sp. A, P. sp. B, P. simplum, Drulanta mirifica (51813) P. sp. B, P. simplum, Drulanta mirifica, P. officerense (51815)
Late/Upper Sinemurian	199.5 - 192.9	Canada (British Columbia)	P. simplum (94340 94341 94342 94344 94345 94346 94347 94349 94350 94351 94353 94355 94357 94360 94364 94381 94382 94385 94416 94418 94423)
Sinemurian	199.5 - 192.9	Russian Federation	P. ovaletakarazawaense (51565)
Sinemurian	199.5 - 192.9	Turkey	P. simplum (33674 33675 33676 33677 33678 33679 33680 33681 33682)
Late/Upper Sinemurian - Early/Lower Pliensbachian	199.5 - 184.2	Canada (British Columbia)	P. fondrenense, P. simplum (119700) P. simplum (119702) P. simplum, P. ovale (119701)
Sinemurian - Pliensbachian	199.5 - 184.2	Japan	P. ovale (120260 120264) P. simplum (119996 120000 120001 120003 120266 120268) P. simplum, P. mostleri (120002) P. simplum, P. mostleri, P. ovale (120256 120258) P. simplum, P. ovale (120257 120259 120261 120262 120263 120265 120267 120269)
Early/Lower Pliensbachian	192.9 - 184.2	Canada (British Columbia)	P. edenshawi (119804 119805) P. edenshawi, P. formosum (119801) P. edenshawi, P. longiconicum, P. mostleri, P. formosum (119766 119810) P. edenshawi, P. longiconicum, P. mostleri, P. izeense, P. formosum (119770) P. fondrenense (119752 119854) P. fondrenense, P. edenshawi, P. mostleri, P. izeense (119748) P. fondrenense, P. mostleri (119791) P. fondrenense, P. simplum (119747 119749) P. fondrenense, P. simplum, P. edenshawi (119787 119794) P. fondrenense, P. simplum, P. edenshawi, P. longiconicum (119765) P. fondrenense, P. simplum, P. edenshawi, P. mostleri (119703 119790 119800) P. fondrenense, P. simplum, P. edenshawi, P. mostleri, P. izeense (119788) P. fondrenense, P. simplum, P. mostleri (119746 119792) P. formosum (119793) P. izeense, P. formosum (119774) P. simplum (119756 119759 119795 119796) P. simplum, P. edenshawi, P. formosum (119769 119806) P. simplum, P. edenshawi, P. izeense, P. formosum (119802) P. simplum, P. edenshawi, P. longiconicum, P. formosum (119715 119811) P. simplum, P. edenshawi, P. longiconicum, P. mostleri (119767) P. simplum, P. edenshawi, P. longiconicum, P. mostleri, P. formosum (119775 119808) P. simplum, P. edenshawi, P. longiconicum, P. mostleri, P. izeense (119713 119716) P. simplum, P. edenshawi, P. longiconicum, P. mostleri, P. izeense, P. formosum (119714 119768 119771 119773) P. simplum, P. edenshawi, P. mostleri, P. izeense, P. formosum (119709)
Early/Lower Pliensbachian	192.9 - 184.2	Japan	P. levicostatum, P. sp., P. simplum, P. ovale (52057)
Early/Lower Pliensbachian	192.9 - 184.2	Argentina	Canutus izeensis, Canutus hainaensis (119950)
Late/Upper Pliensbachian	192.9 - 184.2	Japan	P. simplum, P. ovale (124791 124793 124794 124795)
Late/Upper Pliensbachian	192.9 - 184.2	Canada (British Columbia)	Drulanta edenshawi (71081) P. edenshawi, P. formosum (71100) P. edenshawi, P. longiconicum, P. mostleri, P. formosum (119776) P. simplum, Drulanta edenshawi, P. edenshawi, P. mostleri, Canutus izeensis, P. izeense, P. formosum (71080) P. simplum, P. edenshawi, P. longiconicum, P. mostleri, P. izeense, P. formosum (119711)
Late/Upper Pliensbachian	192.9 - 184.2	Austria (Styria)	P. simplum, P. edenshawi, P. longiconicum, P. mostleri (95555)
Late/Upper Pliensbachian	192.9 - 184.2	USA (California)	Lupherium sp. A, Canutus izeensis (127240 127243)
Late/Upper Pliensbachian	192.9 - 184.2	USA (Oregon)	Fantus spp. (124326 124327) Fantus spp., Drulanta pulchra (124324 124325) Fantus spp., Drulanta pulchra, Canutus izeensis (124323) Lupherium sp. A, Canutus izeensis (127237)
Pliensbachian	192.9 - 184.2	USA (California)	P. simplum (185422 185424) P. sp., P. simplum, P. mostleri, P. ovale (87216)
Pliensbachian	192.9 - 184.2	Mexico (Baja California Sur)	P. simplum (33563 33566) P. simplum, P. mostleri, P. vizcainoense (33567) P. sp. A, P. simplum (33558)
Pliensbachian	192.9 - 184.2	Greece	P. kanyoense, P. sp., P. simplum, P. edenshawi, P. vizcainoense, P. ovale (142120)
Late/Upper Pliensbachian - Early/Lower Toarcian	192.9 - 182.9	Russian Federation (Primorskiy Kray)	P. longiconicum (92793) P. simplum, P. longiconicum (92794)
Late/Upper Pliensbachian - Early/Lower Toarcian	192.9 - 182.9	Canada (British Columbia)	Canutus izeensis (127235)
Pliensbachian - Early/Lower Toarcian	192.9 - 182.9	Japan	P. simplum (124886 124890 124891) P. sp. (124892 124893 124894) P. sp., P. simplum (124888)
Late/Upper Pliensbachian - Toarcian	192.9 - 174.7	Russian Federation	P. izeense (51575) P. sp. A, P. sp. C (51574)
Pliensbachian - Toarcian	192.9 - 174.7	Russian Federation	P. ovaletakarazawaense (51599)
Early/Lower Toarcian	184.2 - 182.9	Slovenia	P. izeense (67146 67151) P. longiconicum (67154) P. mostleri (67152) P. spp., P. longiconicum, P. izeense (67150)
Early/Lower Toarcian	184.2 - 182.9	Japan	Lupherium sp., P. sp., P. edenshawi, P. longiconicum, P. formosum (124830) P. grantum, P. cruciferum, P. sp. B5, P. sp. R, P. sp. Q0, P. sp. T0, P. sp. T, P. sp. W, P. parvum, P. sp. C, P. sp. D, P. sp. I, P. sp. J, P. sp. B2, P. sp. B, P. officerense, P. mirifica, P. ovale (51710) P. simplum, P. ovale (124796 124803)
Early/Lower Toarcian	184.2 - 182.9	USA (Oregon)	Drulanta sporta, Fantus spp., Fantus schoolhousensis, Drulanta bella, Drulanta formosa, Drulanta mirifica (124331) Fantus spp. (124329 124335) Fantus spp., Drulanta bella (124333) Fantus spp., Drulanta mostleri, Fantus schoolhousensis, Drulanta formosa, Drulanta mirifica, Lupherium sp. B, Lupherium sp. C (124328) Fantus spp., Fantus exiguus, Fantus schoolhousensis, Drulanta bella, Drulanta mirifica (124334)
Early/Lower Toarcian - Middle Toarcian	184.2 - 180.4	Russian Federation (Primorskiy Kray)	P. sp., P. longiconicum (92796) P. transiensis, P. sp., P. grande, P. simplum, P. longiconicum (92795)
Toarcian	184.2 - 174.7	Armenia	P. sp. (58580)
Middle Toarcian	182.9 - 180.4	Japan	Lupherium sp., P. kanyoense, P. simplum, P. longiconicum, P. takarazawaense (76521) P. sp. B (124798 124799 124800 124802) P. sp. B, P. longiconicum (124797 124801)
Middle Toarcian	182.9 - 180.4	Canada (British Columbia)	Lupherium sp. A (71084)
Levesquei	182.9 - 174.7	Germany	P. sp. (59428 59430 59431)
Middle Toarcian - Late/Upper Toarcian	182.9 - 174.7	Japan	P. simplum (120071 120074) P. simplum, P. longiconicum (120008) P. sp. B (124806) P. sp. B, P. magnum (120192) P. sp. B, P. ovale (124805 124807 124809) P. sp. B, P. simplum, P. ovale (124804 124808) P. sp. B, P. simplum, P. ovale, P. longiconicum (120191) P. transiens (120006) P. transiens, P. simplum (120010 120011 120012) P. transiens, P. simplum, P. longiconicum (120007 120009)
Middle Toarcian - Late/Upper Toarcian	182.9 - 174.7	Canada (British Columbia)	Lupherium sp. A, P. longiconicum (71099)
Middle Toarcian - Late/Upper Toarcian	182.9 - 174.7	Greece	P. sp., P. mostleri (142135)
Middle Toarcian - Aalenian	182.9 - 170.9	Japan	P. sp. (124900) P. sp., P. simplum (124896) P. sp., P. simplum, P. longiconicum (124898) P. sp., P. sp. A (124899) P. sp., P. transiens, P. simplum, P. longiconicum (124901) P. transiens, P. simplum (124897)
Late/Upper Toarcian - Middle Aalenian	180.4 - 170.9	Russian Federation (Primorskiy Kray)	P. grande (92798) P. sp., P. grande (92797)
Aalenian	174.7 - 170.9	Japan	P. grande (120018 120019) P. grande, P. hiconocosta (120016) P. grande, P. simplum (120013 120014) P. transiens, P. grande (120017) P. transiens, P. grande, P. simplum (120015)
Aalenian	174.7 - 170.9	China (Tibet)	P. levicostatum, P. sp., P. magnum, P. officerense, P. simplum (51617)
Aalenian	174.7 - 170.9	Russian Federation	P. aculeatum (51299) P. cruciferum, P. grande (51602) P. grande, P. officerense (51601)
Aalenian	174.7 - 170.9	Oman	P. magnum (125206)
Early/Lower Aalenian	174.7 - 170.9	Japan	P. grande (120194 120195 120196) P. grande, P. longiconicum (120193)
Early/Lower Aalenian - Middle Aalenian	174.7 - 170.9	Japan	P. parvum, P. sp. C, P. sp. D, P. sp. I, P. sp. B, P. sp. A, P. sp. F, P. sp. H, P. sp. G, P. cruciferum, P. grande, P. mirifica (51711)
Late/Upper Aalenian	174.7 - 170.9	Spain	P. natorense, P. hiconocosta, P. izeense (120127)
Late/Upper Aalenian	174.7 - 170.9	Japan	P. dentatum, P. parvum, P. stanleyense, P. sp. C, P. sp. D, P. sp. T018, P. cruciferum (54166) P. sp. J, P. sp. B2, P. sp. G, P. magnum, P. dentatum, P. sp. C0, P. natorense, P. olorizi, P. hiconocosta, P. officerense (51712)
Late/Upper Aalenian	174.7 - 170.9	Japan (Kochi)	P. sp. SY01, P. sp. A, P. kanyoense, P. levicostatum, P. natorense, P. parvum, P. magnum, P. dentatum, P. sp. SY02, P. sp. SY03, P. sp. SY04, P. sp. SY05, P. sp. SY06 (66916)
Late/Upper Aalenian - Early/Lower Bajocian	174.7 - 168.6	Russian Federation (Primorskiy Kray)	P. hiconocosta (92799)
Aalenian - Bajocian	174.7 - 168.2	Oman	P. officerense (125207)
Aalenian - Bajocian	174.7 - 168.2	India (Jammu and Kashmir)	P. sp. (131359)
Aalenian - Bajocian	174.7 - 168.2	Spain	P. grande, P. olorizi, P. izeense (131813)
Aalenian - Bajocian	174.7 - 168.2	Indonesia (Sumatra)	P. sp. (85473)
Late/Upper Aalenian - Bajocian	174.7 - 168.2	Russian Federation	P. sp., P. hiconocosta (51600)
Early/Lower Bajocian	170.9 - 168.6	Japan	P. sp. G, P. parvum, P. natorense, P. olorizi, P. sp. C3, P. sp. B3, P. sp. S, P. stanleyense, P. sp. C2, P. hiconocosta, P. officerense, P. simplum, P. izeense, P. ovale (51713)
Early/Lower Bajocian	170.9 - 168.6	USA (Oregon)	Lupherium officerense (32730)
Early/Lower Bajocian	170.9 - 168.6	Canada (British Columbia)	Drulanta edenshawi (71124) Lupherium sp. A (71125)
Bajocian	170.9 - 168.2	Oman	Canutus izeensis (125361) P. officerense (125362 125363)
Bajocian	170.9 - 168.2	USA (Oregon)	Lupherium officerense (32741) Lupherium officerense, Lupherium snowshoense (32733)
Bajocian	170.9 - 168.2	Russian Federation	P. sp., P. simplum, P. longiconicum (51603)
Bajocian	170.9 - 168.2	Spain	P. grande, P. olorizi, P. hiconocosta, P. officerense, P. izeense (131815) P. sp. S, P. grande, P. olorizi, P. izeense (131816) P. sp. S, P. magnum, P. officerense (131814)
Bajocian	170.9 - 168.2	USA (California)	P. sp. (185425)
Bajocian	170.9 - 168.2	Russian Federation (Primorskiy Kray)	P. natorense, P. hiconocosta (92800 92802) P. sp., P. grande, P. levicostatum, P. hiconocosta (92801)
Bajocian	170.9 - 168.2	New Zealand	P. nitidum, P. sp., P. officerense (53859)
Early/Lower Bajocian - Late/Upper Bajocian	170.9 - 168.2	Armenia	P. sp. (131354)
Late/Upper Bajocian	168.6 - 168.2	USA (Oregon)	Lupherium nitidum (32747 127249) P. sp. A, P. sp. B, P. officerense, P. publicum, P. vizcainoense (106403)
Late/Upper Bajocian	168.6 - 168.2	Japan	P. sp. B2, P. sp. B, P. cruciferum, P. parvum, P. natorense, P. olorizi, P. stanleyense, P. sp. C2, P. sp. B0, P. sp. B4, P. sp. L0, P. hiconocosta, P. simplum, P. ovale (51714)
Late/Upper Bajocian - Early/Lower Bathonian	168.6 - 165.3	Russian Federation (Primorskiy Kray)	P. sp., P. levicostatum (92803) P. sp., P. officerense (92805)
Late/Upper Bajocian - Early/Lower Bathonian	168.6 - 165.3	Oman	P. natorense (125306) P. officerense (125298)
Bathonian	168.2 - 165.3	Greece	P. sp. (142119)
Early/Lower Bathonian	168.2 - 165.3	USA (Oregon)	P. sp. A, P. hiconocosta, P. officerense (94149)
Middle Bathonian	168.2 - 165.3	Switzerland	P. grande, P. indomitum, P. levicostatum, P. rosebudense, P. snowshoense, P. sp. 1, P. sp. 2, P. sp. 3, P. carpathicum, Combusta publica (66939) P. sp. 2 (66940)
Bathonian - Oxfordian	168.2 - 154.8	Spain	P. hiconocosta (131818) P. izeense (131819)
Callovian	165.3 - 161.5	USA (California)	P. stanleyense, P. simplum, Combusta publica (50738) P. stanleyense, P. transiens, P. simplum, Combusta publica (50737)
Callovian	165.3 - 161.5	Italy	P. stanleyense (89643)
Late/Upper Callovian	165.3 - 161.5	Germany (Bavaria)	P. levicostatum (66976)
Late/Upper Callovian - Early/Lower Oxfordian	165.3 - 154.8	Philippines	P. sp. (52070)
Late/Upper Callovian - Early/Lower Oxfordian	165.3 - 154.8	Germany (Bavaria)	P. sp. S (66991 66992)
Early/Lower Oxfordian	161.5 - 154.8	Mexico (San Luis Potosi)	P. transiens (50754)
Middle Oxfordian	161.5 - 154.8	Romania	P. carpathicum (78677 78707)
Middle Oxfordian - Late/Upper Oxfordian	161.5 - 154.8	Italy	P. carpathicum (78760 78761 78924)
Middle Oxfordian - Late/Upper Oxfordian	161.5 - 154.8	Romania	P. carpathicum (78681)
Oxfordian	161.5 - 154.8	Italy	P. carpathicum (47168)
Oxfordian	161.5 - 154.8	Romania	P. carpathicum (78678 78679)
Late/Upper Oxfordian - Early/Lower Kimmeridgian	157.9 - 152.21	Italy	P. carpathicum (78769 78915 78926)
Late/Upper Oxfordian - Late/Upper Kimmeridgian	157.9 - 149.2	Italy	P. carpathicum (78976 78977)
Early/Lower Kimmeridgian	154.8 - 152.21	Italy	P. carpathicum (78772)
Tithonian	149.2 - 143.1	Philippines	P. carpathicum (47170)
Late/Upper Tithonian	145.06 - 143.1	Japan	P. officerense (131582 131585 131593 131669)