PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Salicaceae

Angiospermae - Malpighiales - Salicaceae

Taxonomy

Salicaceae was named by Brisseau-Mirbel (1815). It is extant.

It was assigned to Salicales by Knowlton (1919), Knowlton (1926), MacGinitie (1941) and Hickey (1977); to Violales by Mabberley (2000); and to Malpighiales by Taylor et al. (2008) and The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016).

Subtaxa

Bennettiodendron, Casearia, Populites, Populites, Populocaulis, Populophyllum, Populus, Pseudosalix, Salicinium, Salicinoxylon, Saliciphyllum, Saliciphyllum, Salix

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1815	Salicaceae Brisseau-Mirbel pp. 905-906
1919	Salicaceae Knowlton
1926	Salicaceae Knowlton
1941	Salicaceae MacGinitie
1977	Salicaceae Hickey
2000	Salicaceae Mabberley
2008	Salicaceae Taylor et al. p. 1029
2016	Salicaceae The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group p. 17

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Plantae
phylum	Spermatophyta
class	Angiospermae
—	Rosids
—	Eurosids

Rank	Name	Author
—	Fabid
order	Malpighiales
family	Salicaceae
family	Salicaceae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Salicaceae Brisseau-Mirbel 1815

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G. Bennettiodendron Merrill 1927

G. Casearia Jacquin 1760

†Casearia pretomentosa Antal and Awasthi 1993

G. †Populites Goeppert 1852

†Populites platyphyllus Goeppert 1852

G. †Populites Viviani 1833

†Populites amplus Knowlton 1918

†Populites cyclophylla Heer 1858

Invalid names: Cissites cyclophylla Lesquereux 1874 [synonym]

†Populites elegans Lesquereux 1868

†Populites lancastriensis Lesquereux 1868

†Populites litigiosus Heer 1866

†Populites microphyllus Lesquereux 1869

†Populites phaetonis Viviani 1833

†Populites probalsamifera Dawson 1893

†Populites sternbergii Lesquereux 1891

†Populites tenuifolius Berry 1903

†Populites tuscaloosensis Berry 1919

†Populites winchelli Lesquereux 1893

G. †Populocaulis Stopes and Fujii 1910

†Populocaulis yezoensis Stopes and Fujii 1910

G. †Populophyllum Fontaine 1889

†Populophyllum crassinerve Fontaine 1889

†Populophyllum minutum Ward 1905

†Populophyllum reniforme Fontaine 1889

Invalid names: Populophyllum hederaeforme Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Populophyllum menispermoides Ward 1905 [synonym]

G. Populus Linnaeus 1753 [poplar]

Populus acerifolia Loddiges 1838

†Populus aequalis Lesquereux 1870

Invalid names: Populus laevigata Lesquereux 1868 [replaced]

Populus alba Linnaeus 1753

†Populus alexanderi Dorf 1930

†Populus amblyrhyncha Ward 1885

†Populus arctica Heer 1868

†Populus aristolochioides Lesquereux 1875

†Populus auriculata Ward 1905

Populus balsamifera Linnaeus 1753

†Populus balsamoides Göppert 1855

Invalid names: Populus eximia Göppert 1855 [synonym]

†Populus berggreni Heer 1871

Populus bonatii Léveillé 1910

Populus ciliata Wallich 1839

†Populus clarkiana Hollick 1906

†Populus cordata Newberry 1868

Populus cordifolia Burgsdorf 1787

†Populus craspedodroma Ward 1885

†Populus crassa Lesquereux 1883

Invalid names: Diospyros cuspidata Kirchner 1898 [synonym]

†Populus cretacea Knowlton 1905

†Populus cuneata Newberry 1868

†Populus cyclomorpha Knowlton and Cockerell 1919

Invalid names: Populus rotundifolia Newberry 1882 [replaced]

†Populus dakotana Cockerell 1906

Invalid names: Populus cordifolia Newberry 1868 [replaced]

†Populus daphnogenoides Ward 1885

†Populus decipiens Lesquereux 1872

Populus deltoides Marshall 1785

†Populus denticulata Heer 1883

†Populus douglasae Buechler et al. 2007

†Populus elliptica Newberry 1868

†Populus eotremuloides Knowlton 1898

†Populus fairii Knowlton 1926

†Populus flabellum Newberry 1863

†Populus glandulifera Heer 1856

Populus grandidentata Michaux 1803

†Populus grewiopsis Ward 1885

†Populus harkeriana Lesquereux 1891

†Populus hederoides Ward 1885

†Populus heteromorpha Knowlton 1926

†Populus hookeri Heer 1868

†Populus hyperborea Heer 1873

†Populus inaequalis Ward 1885

†Populus kansaseana Lesquereux 1891

†Populus knightii Knowlton 1897

Populus laevigata Aiton 1789

†Populus latidentata Dawson 1885

†Populus latior Braun 1835

†Populus lesquereuxi Cockerell 1906

†Populus leuce Rossmässler 1850

†Populus leucophylla Unger 1850

†Populus lindgreni Knowlton 1898

†Populus litigiosa Heer 1866

†Populus longior Dawson 1882

†Populus meedsii Knowlton 1893

†Populus melanarioides Lesquereux 1875

†Populus microphylla Newberry 1868

†Populus microtremuloides Knowlton 1916

†Populus mutabilis Heer 1856

†Populus nebrascensis Newberry 1868

†Populus neomexicana Knowlton 1918

†Populus neotremuloides Knowlton 1918

†Populus nervosa Newberry 1868

†Populus newberryi Cockerell 1906

Invalid names: Populus acerifolia Newberry 1868 [synonym]

Populus nigra Linnaeus 1753

†Populus obovata Knowlton 1900

†Populus occidentalis Knowlton 1898

†Populus orbicularis Newberry 1896

†Populus oxyrhyncha Ward 1885

†Populus pliotremuloides Axelrod 1937

†Populus polymorpha Newberry 1882

†Populus potomacensis Ward 1895

Invalid names: Populus menispermoides Ward 1905 [synonym]

†Populus prefremontii Axelrod 1937

†Populus problematica Knowlton 1893

†Populus protozaddachi Dawson 1882

†Populus pseudocredneria Cockerell 1908

†Populus pseudotremuloides Hollick 1906

†Populus pyrifolia Kirchner 1898

†Populus rectinervata Dawson 1882

†Populus rhomboidea Newberry 1859

†Populus ricei Fontaine 1905

†Populus richardsoni Heer 1868

Populus rotundifolia Griffith 1847

†Populus russelli Knowlton 1893

†Populus scudderi Cockerell 1906

Populus simonii Carrière 1867

†Populus smilacifolia Newberry 1868

†Populus sonorensis Axelrod 1939

†Populus speciosa Ward 1885

†Populus stygia Heer 1873

†Populus subrotunda Lesquereux 1868

†Populus subwashoensis Axelrod 1956

†Populus tenuinervata Lesquereux 1888

†Populus tidwellii Manchester et al. 2006

Populus tremula Linnaeus 1753

Populus trichocarpa Torrey and Gray 1852

†Populus trinervis Dawson 1882

†Populus ungeri Lesquereux 1878

†Populus vivaria Knowlton 1899

†Populus wardii Knowlton 1900

†Populus washingtonensis Knowlton 1926

†Populus whitei Ward 1885

†Populus xantholithensis Knowlton 1899

†Populus zaddachi Heer 1859

†Populus zhenyuanensis Liang and Zhou 2016

G. †Pseudosalix Boucher et al. 2003

G. †Salicinium Unger 1850

†Salicinium messinianum Pampaloni 1904

†Salicinium populinum Unger 1850

G. †Salicinoxylon Kaiser 1880

†Salicinoxylon miocenicum Kaiser 1880

G. †Saliciphyllum Fontaine 1889

†Saliciphyllum californicum Fontaine 1905

†Saliciphyllum pachyphyllum Fontaine 1905

G. †Saliciphyllum Conwentz 1886

†Saliciphyllum succineum Conwentz 1886

G. Salix Linnaeus 1753 [willow]

†Salix angusta Braun 1851

†Salix baueri Knowlton 1916

†Salix boisiensis Smith 1941

†Salix bryani Knowlton 1926

†Salix californica Lesquereux 1878

†Salix coalingensis Dorf 1930

†Salix cumberlandensis Knowlton 1917

Salix cuneata Nuttall 1865

†Salix dayana Knowlton 1902

†Salix deleta Lesquereux 1891

Salix elegans Wallich 1859

Salix elliptica Sleich 1815

†Salix elongata Weber 1853

†Salix engelhardti Lesquereux 1888

†Salix eutawensis Berry 1910

†Salix evanstoniana Lesquereux 1871

†Salix flexuosa Newberry 1868

†Salix florissanti Knowlton and Cockerell 1919

Invalid names: Salix amygdalaefolia Lesquereux 1883 [replaced]

Salix fluviatilis Nuttall 1911

†Salix foliosa Newberry 1898

†Salix frontierensis Knowlton 1917

†Salix gardneri Knowlton 1918

†Salix groenlandica Heer 1871

†Salix hayei Lesquereux 1891

†Salix heartensis Hickey 1977

†Salix inaequalis Newberry 1895

†Salix inquirenda Knowlton 1926

Salix integra Thunberg 1784

†Salix ionensis MacGinitie 1941

†Salix islandicus Lesquereux 1859

†Salix kamloopsiana Dawson 1890

†Salix kernensis Axelrod 1939

†Salix laramina Dawson 1886

†Salix lavateri Heer 1856

†Salix lesquereuxii Berry 1914

†Salix libbeyi Lesquereux 1883

†Salix macrophylla Heer 1856

†Salix mattewanensis Berry 1903

†Salix media Heer 1856

†Salix meekii Newberry 1868

Salix membranacea Thuill 1799

†Salix merriami Cockerell 1908

Invalid names: Salix elliptica Lesquereux 1878 [replaced]

†Salix minuta Knowlton 1894

†Salix mixta Knowlton 1902

†Salix nervillosa Heer 1866

†Salix newberryana Hollick 1895

†Salix orbicularis Penhallow 1908

†Salix pacifica Dawson 1882

†Salix pilosula Göppert 1861

†Salix plicata Knowlton 1918

†Salix proteaefolia Lesquereux 1885

†Salix pseudoargentea Knowlton 1902

†Salix pseudohayei Berry 1909

†Salix purpuroides Hollick 1894

†Salix raeana Heer 1868

†Salix ramaleyi Cockerell 1906

†Salix raritanensis Berry 1909

Invalid names: Salix membranacea Newberry 1868 [replaced]

†Salix remotidens Knowlton 1926

†Salix schimperi Lesquereux 1888

†Salix siouxiana Knowlton and Cockerell 1919

Invalid names: Salix cuneata Newberry 1868 [replaced]

†Salix sloani Berry 1914

†Salix stantoni Knowlton 1900

†Salix truckeana Chaney 1944

†Salix tulameenensis Penhallow 1908

†Salix vaccinifolia Knowlton 1901

†Salix varians Göppert 1852

†Salix viminalifolia Berry 1915

Salix wallichiana Andersson 1851

†Salix wimmeriana Göppert 1861

†Salix wyomingensis Knowlton and Cockerell 1919

Invalid names: Salix integra Göppert 1852 [replaced]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Diet:

"photoautotroph"p

Created:

2011-07-22 00:04:15

Modified:

2011-07-21 09:04:15

Source: p = phylum

Reference: Kiessling 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Middle Albian to the top of the Holocene or 109.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 100.5 Ma

Collections (400 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Early/Lower Cretaceous	145.0 - 100.5	Canada (British Columbia)	Populites dawsoni (31384)
Early/Lower Cretaceous	145.0 - 100.5	USA (Georgia)	Salix flexuosa, Salix eutawensis (212691) Salix flexuosa, Salix lesquereuxii (212692)
Albian	113.0 - 100.5	USA (Wyoming)	Populus aspens (102759)
Albian	113.0 - 100.5	Canada (Alberta)	Populites dawsoni (24838 24839 24840)
Middle Albian - Late/Upper Albian	109.0 - 99.6	USA (Virginia)	Populophyllum crassinerve (106317)
Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	USA (Wyoming)	Populus aspensis (34972)
Late/Upper Cretaceous	100.5 - 66.0	Argentina (Santa Cruz)	Salix proteafolia (153400)
Late/Upper Cretaceous	100.5 - 66.0	USA (Wyoming)	Salix cumberlandensis, Salix frontierensis (31382) Salix lancensis (34974)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	USA (Wyoming)	Salix cumberlandensis (31187)
Middle Cenomanian - Late/Upper Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	USA (Utah)	Salix newberryana (103148)
Coniacian - Campanian	89.8 - 72.1	Canada (British Columbia)	Populus sp. (35218)
Late/Upper Coniacian - Santonian	89.3 - 83.6	USA (Georgia)	Salix flexuosa (28321)
Late/Upper Santonian	85.8 - 83.5	Canada (Alberta)	Populites wickendeni (35093)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	USA (South Carolina)	Salix flexuosa, Salix lesquereuxii (210093) Salix flexuosa, Salix lesquereuxii, Salix pseudohayei (210091) Salix flexuosa, Salix lesquereuxii, Salix sloani (210094) Salix lesquereuxii (210092 212236) Salix lesquereuxii, Salix sloani (210095)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (New Mexico)	Salix lancensis, Salix sp. 1, Salix sp. 2 (34975) Salix sp. (24180)
Lancian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (North Dakota)	Populus nebrascensis (24902 25437 25445 25448 25461 25465 25468 25473 25475 25476 25477 25498 48268 48270 48271)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Wyoming)	Salix lancensis (34921 34922 34967) Salix lancensis, Saliciphyllum wyomingensis (34969)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Spain (Cataluña)	Saliciphyllum gaetei (148950)
Puercan	66.0 - 63.3	USA (Wyoming)	Populus nebraskana (11340 11368)
Puercan	66.0 - 63.3	USA (North Dakota)	Populus nebrascensis (24973 25005 25009 25010 25012 25026 25427 25440 25446 25447 25449 25451 25453 25454 25455 25458 25460 25462 25463 25464 25466 25469 25470 48177 48180)