PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Phacoides

Bivalvia - Lucinida - Lucinidae

Taxonomy

Phacoides was named by Blainville (1825). It is extant.

It was assigned to Pelecypoda by Sellards (1917); to Lucinidae by Glenn (1904), Clark and Arnold (1923), Woodring (1925), Nagao (1928), Olsson (1931), Oostingh (1935) and Gardner (1943); and to Lucininae by Vokes (1980) and Woodring (1982).

Species

P. (Bellucina), P. (Phacoides), P. andersoni, P. cerma, P. eaglesomei, P. eudaidalus, P. hillsboroensis, P. nocariensis, P. ocalanus, P. pacifica, P. pectinatus (syn. Lucina jamaicensis), P. perovatus, P. pullensis, P. silicatus, P. subrhomboidalis, P. subsquamosa, P. thalassogonus, P. wacissanus, P. woodi

Species lacking formal opinion data

P. eupheus, P. flumenvadosa, P. hillsboroughensis, P. luciniolae, P. mattiformis, P. nasuta, P. pandatus, P. paranodonta, P. parawhitfieldi, P. parawhitfieldi, P. piluliformis, P. recurrens, P. vaughani

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1825	Phacoides Blainville p. 550
1904	Phacoides Glenn p. 336
1917	Phacoides Sellards
1923	Phacoides Clark and Arnold p. 144
1925	Phacoides Woodring p. 117
1928	Phacoides Nagao p. 58
1931	Phacoides Olsson p. 49
1935	Phacoides Oostingh p. 173
1943	Phacoides Gardner p. 76
1980	Phacoides Vokes p. 102
1982	Phacoides Woodring p. 614

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Bivalvia
—	Eubivalvia
subclass	Autobranchia	(Groblen 1894)

Rank	Name	Author
infraclass	Heteroconchia	(Gray 1854)
—	Cardiomorphi	Ferussac 1822
—	Cardioni	Ferussac 1822
—	Lucinidia	Gray 1854
order	Lucinida	(Stoliczka 1871)
superfamily	Lucinoidea	Fleming 1828
family	Lucinidae	Fleming 1828
subfamily	Lucininae	Fleming 1828
genus	Phacoides	Blainville 1825

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Phacoides Blainville 1825

show all | hide all

Subg. †Phacoides (Bellucina) Dall 1901

hide

Phacoides (Bellucina) amiantus Dall 1901

†Phacoides (Bellucina) javanus Oostingh 1935

Subg. Phacoides (Phacoides) Blainville 1825

hide

†Phacoides (Phacoides) johnsoni Oostingh 1935

†Phacoides (Phacoides) tegalensis Oostingh 1935

†Phacoides andersoni Olsson 1930

†Phacoides cerma Woodring 1982

†Phacoides eaglesomei Newton 1922

†Phacoides eudaidalus Maury 1924

†Phacoides hillsboroensis Heilprin 1887

†Phacoides nocariensis Kellum 1926

†Phacoides ocalanus Dall 1903

†Phacoides pacifica Olsson 1964

Phacoides pectinatus Gmelin 1791

hide

†Phacoides pectinatus domingensis Dall 1890

Invalid names: Lucina jamaicensis Lamarck 1801 [synonym]

†Phacoides perovatus Dall 1916

†Phacoides pullensis Oppenheim 1894

†Phacoides silicatus Mansfield 1937

†Phacoides subrhomboidalis Newton 1922

†Phacoides subsquamosa Traub 1938

†Phacoides thalassogonus Maury 1924

†Phacoides wacissanus Dall 1915

†Phacoides woodi Olsson 1930

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

part	N	mean	minimum	maximum	median	s.d.
height	3	3.81	2.80	5.50	3.60	1.39

Composition:

aragonitef

Locomotion:

facultatively mobilef

Life habit:

deep infaunalf

Diet:

chemosymbioticf

Vision:

blindc

Created:

2009-05-17 03:07:50

Modified:

2009-10-09 08:44:03

Source: f = family, c = class

References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Campanian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 83.50000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 72.1 Ma

Collections (181 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	USA (North Carolina)	P. glebula (7610 7620 7626)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Texas)	P. mattiformis (7482 7504 7552 7579)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	USA (Texas)	P. mattiformis (1296 1298 1392 1393 7480 7493 7521 7550 7564)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Egypt	P. dachelensis (1363)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Angola	P. egitoensis (1369)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	USA (Georgia)	P. mattiformis (1309)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Jordan	P. olea, P. dachelensis (1358)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	USA (New Jersey)	P. mattiformis (1313)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Oman	P. dachelensis (1381)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Nigeria	P. dachelensis (1329)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Libya	P. dachelensis (1364 1370)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Mississippi)	P. mattiformis (4101)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Alabama)	P. mattiformis (4238 4253 4270 4273 4274 4276 4331)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Georgia)	P. mattiformis (4265 4266 4268 4269 4277 4282 4299 4302)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Alabama)	P. mattiformis (4186 4197)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Texas)	P. mattiformis (4455 5554)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	USA (Texas)	P. sp. (5572 5599 85315)
Early/Lower Paleocene - Middle Paleocene	66.0 - 58.7	USA (Texas)	P. sp. (86307)
Paleocene	66.0 - 56.0	USA (California)	P. sp. (190792)
Paleocene	66.0 - 56.0	Austria (Salzburg)	P. subsquamosa (84335)
Paleogene	66.0 - 23.03	Japan	P. pullensis (205250)
Selandian	61.6 - 59.2	Denmark	P. sp. (35263 35265 35266)
Late/Upper Paleocene - Early/Lower Eocene	58.7 - 48.6	USA (California)	P. sp. (237471)
Eocene	56.0 - 33.9	Nigeria	P. sp. (46260)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	Nigeria	P. eaglesomei (51238 51239 51241 51242 51243 51246) P. subrhomboidalis, P. eaglesomei (51240)
Middle Eocene	47.8 - 37.71	Mexico (Tamaulipas)	P. quintamaia (43045)
Middle Eocene	47.8 - 37.71	Mexico (Baja California Sur)	P. sp. (43757 43758)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	Croatia	P. dinarii (124308 124309 124371)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.2 - 33.9	Colombia	P. sp. (42787)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.2 - 33.9	USA (South Carolina)	P. alveatus (92432)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 28.4	USA (California)	P. sp. (71200)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 28.4	USA (Georgia)	P. perovatus (60835) P. perovatus, P. wacissanus (60841) P. sp. (60838 90567) P. wacissanus (60832 60839)
Rupelian	33.9 - 28.1	USA (Florida)	P. hillsboroensis (60663) P. hillsboroughensis (60975) P. hillsboroughensis, P. wacissanus (60968) P. wacissanus (60672 60960 60965 60970 60976) P. wacissanus, P. hillsboroensis (60665 60677)
Early/Lower Oligocene - Middle Miocene	33.9 - 11.608	Haiti	P. smithwoodwardii (173459)
Late/Upper Oligocene	28.4 - 23.03	USA (North Carolina)	P. nocariensis, P. silicatus (71652)
Late/Upper Oligocene	28.4 - 23.03	Panama	P. cerma (42569 42572 42574) P. sp. (42568)
Chattian - Aquitanian	28.1 - 20.44	USA (Florida)	P. silicatus (61106 61127) P. wacissanus (61047 61051 61072 61100) P. wacissanus, P. silicatus (61108 61110) P. wacissanus, P. tampaensis, P. silicatus (60985)
Aquitanian	23.03 - 20.44	USA (Maryland)	P. contractus (70589)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.03 - 15.97	Peru	P. insleyi (66141)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.03 - 15.97	USA (South Carolina)	P. sp. (92413)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.03 - 15.97	Brazil (Para)	P. eudaidalus, P. thalassogonus (60979)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.03 - 15.97	Ecuador (Esmeraldas)	Lucina pacifica (60753)
Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene	23.03 - 11.608	Mexico (Baja California Sur)	P. sp. (43804)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	USA (Maryland)	P. contractus (45511 70591)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	USA (Florida)	P. calhounensis, P. nereididetus (42225) P. nereididetus (42222 42605) P. sphaeriolus (42272) P. sphaeriolus, P. eupheus (42328)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	Colombia (La Guajira)	P. sp. (136881 136882 136908 156621 156700 156748 157342 158214 160770 160776 161894)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	France (Bordeaux)	P. michelotti (48660)
Langhian	15.97 - 13.82	Colombia (La Guajira)	P. sp. (136885 136907 161087 161088 161089)
Serravallian	13.82 - 11.62	USA (Maryland)	P. anodonata (70846) P. contractus (70842 70855)
Badenian	13.65 - 12.7	Poland	P. sp. (37370 37371)
Badenian	13.65 - 12.7	Moldova	P. borealis (78644 78647 78663 78665)
Tortonian	11.62 - 7.246	Dominican Republic	P. domingensis (58816) P. hispaniolana, P. cercadica (58817)
Tortonian	11.62 - 7.246	USA (Maryland)	P. anodonata (70853)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	USA (Florida)	P. flumenvadosa (94808) P. sp., P. parawhitfieldi (94806)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Dominican Republic	P. cercadica (58875)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Haiti	P. recurrens (60106)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	Dominican Republic	P. domingensis (74968 74970)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.588	Costa Rica	P. liani (66792)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.588	India	P. micropteryx (77658)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.588	Belgium	P. borealis (80674)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.588	Indonesia	P. johnsoni (84522) P. tegalensis, P. javanus (84520 84533)
Pliocene - Pleistocene	5.333 - 0.0117	USA (Florida)	P. disciformis, P. sp., P. tuomeyi (41749)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.588	Jamaica	P. quadricostatus, P. sp. (58522)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.588	USA (South Carolina)	P. contractus (92412)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.588	USA (Florida)	P. chrysostoma (67072 79797) P. tuomeyi (59484 59485 59486 59487 59491)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.588	Panama (Bocas)	P. sp. (61341)
Early/Lower Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.781	USA (Florida)	P. amabilis (79336) P. amabilis, P. pectinatus (79331) P. pectinatus (79333) P. tuomeyi (74999 75003)
Early/Lower Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.781	Panama	P. pectinatus (80307) P. sp., P. pectinatus (80304)
Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.0117	Cuba	Lucina jamaicensis (66772)
Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.0117	Haiti	P. sp. (66811)
Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.0117	Colombia	Anodontia pectinata (97679)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	USA (Florida)	P. disciformis (67069)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Florida)	P. nasuta, P. sp. (34269)