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Lauraceae (laurel)

Angiospermae - Laurales - Lauraceae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1789Lauraceae Jussieu
1919Lauraceae Knowlton
1926Lauraceae Knowlton
1941Lauraceae MacGinitie
1961Lauraceae Chandler p. 65
1962Lauraceae Chandler p. 65
1963Lauraceae Chandler p. 87
1964Lauraceae Chandler p. 98
1974Lauraceae Ozaki
1977Lauraceae Hickey
2000Lauraceae Mabberley
2008Lauraceae Taylor et al. p. 1029
2016Lauraceae The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group p. 14
2018Lauraceae Adhikari et al.
2019Lauraceae Wang and Sun

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomPlantae
phylumSpermatophyta
classAngiospermae
—Mesangiosperms
RankNameAuthor
—Magnoliid
orderLauralesJussieu 1820
familyLauraceaeJussieu 1789
familyLauraceaeJussieu 1789

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Lauraceae Jussieu 1789 [laurel]
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G. Actinodaphne Nees 1831
+
†Actinodaphne palaeoangustifolia Antal and Awasthi 1993
G. Alseodaphne Nees 1831
G. †Bandulskaia Carpenter et al. 2007
+
†Bandulskaia aestuaria Carpenter et al. 2007
G. †Beilschmiedia Nees
+
†Beilschmiedia bognorensis Chandler 1961
†Beilschmiedia oviformis Bowerbank 1840
†Beilschmiedia pyriformis Reid and Chandler 1933
G. Benzoin Fabricius 1763
+
†Benzoin antiquum Heer 1855
†Benzoin masoni Lesquereux 1891
†Benzoin venustum Lesquereux 1891
G. Cinnamomum Schaeffer 1760 [cinnamon]
+
†Cinnamomum acrodromum Potbury 1935
†Cinnamomum affine Lesquereux 1868
†Cinnamomum angustum Berry 1918
†Cinnamomum bendirei Knowlton 1902
†Cinnamomum buchi Heer 1856
†Cinnamomum canadense Dawson 1885
†Cinnamomum corrugatum Perkins 1904
†Cinnamomum crassipes Lesquereux 1859
†Cinnamomum dilleri Knowlton 1902
†Cinnamomum ellipsoideum Saporta and Marion 1878
†Cinnamomum ellipticum Knowlton 1893
†Cinnamomum eokachchhensis Lakhanpal and Guleria 1981
†Cinnamomum ficifolium Knowlton 1917
†Cinnamomum globulare Reid and Chandler 1933
†Cinnamomum grande Reid and Chandler 1933
†Cinnamomum heerii Berry 1914
†Cinnamomum hesperium Knowlton 1917
†Cinnamomum lignitum Perkins 1904
†Cinnamomum linifolium Knowlton 1917
†Cinnamomum marioni Lesquereux 1891
†Cinnamomum membranaceum Lesquereux 1868
†Cinnamomum mioinuctum Prasad 1990
†Cinnamomum miokachchhensis Lakhanpal and Guleria 1982
†Cinnamomum miotavoyanum Shashi et al. 2007
†Cinnamomum mississippiensis Lesquereux 1866
†Cinnamomum nepalensis Prasad and Pandey 2008
†Cinnamomum newberryi Berry 1914
+
Invalid names: Cinnamomum intermedium Newberry 1895 [synonym]
†Cinnamomum novaeangliae Lesquereux 1861
†Cinnamomum oblongatum Berry 1916
†Cinnamomum oblongum Chandler 1961
†Cinnamomum obovatus Berry 1916
†Cinnamomum ovoides Perkins 1904
†Cinnamomum ovoideum Chandler 1961
†Cinnamomum palaeotamala Lakhanpal and Awasthi 1984
+
Invalid names: Daphnogene cretacea Lesquereux 1874 [synonym]
†Cinnamomum sezannense Brown 1962
†Cinnamomum spectabile Heer 1856
†Cinnamomum stantoni Knowlton 1900
Cinnamomum tamala Nees and Ebermaier 1831
†Cinnamomum vera Berry 1916
†Cinnamomum wardii Knowlton 1898
G. †Crowella Reid and Chandler 1933
+
†Crowella globosa Bowerbank 1933
G. Cryptocarya Brown 1810
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†Cryptocarya eolignitica Hollick 1899
G. †Cryptocaryoides Berry 1937
+
G. †Daphnogene Unger 1845
+
†Daphnogene anglica Heer 1859
†Daphnogene cinnamomeifolia Brongniart 1828
†Daphnogene elegans Ward 1885
†Daphnogene heerii Berry 1914
†Daphnogene makumensis Mehrotra et al. 2009
G. †Daphnophyllum Heer 1869
+
†Daphnophyllum angustifolium Lesquereux 1891
†Daphnophyllum dakotense Lesquereux 1891
†Daphnophyllum fraasii Heer 1869
G. †Diemenia Ettingshausen 1886
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†Diemenia speciosa Ettingshausen 1886
G. Goeppertia Nees 1831
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†Goeppertia ovalifolia Engelhardt 1891
G. †Lauraceaephyllum Koch 1963
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G. †Lauraceophylloderma Giesen 1971
+
†Lauraceophylloderma ebenoides Engelhardt 1971
G. †Lauranthus Takahashi et al. 2001
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†Lauranthus futabensis Takahashi et al. 2001
G. †Laurinastrum Unger 1862
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†Laurinastrum dubium Unger 1862
G. †Laurinoxylon Felix 1883
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†Laurinoxylon brandonianum Jeffrey and Chrysler 1906
†Laurinoxylon branneri Knowlton 1889
†Laurinoxylon deccanense Bande and Prakash 1980
†Laurinoxylon deccanensis Bande and Prakash 1980
†Laurinoxylon deomaliensis Lakhanpal et al. 1981
†Laurinoxylon diluviale Unger 1883
†Laurinoxylon lesquereuxiana Knowlton 1889
†Laurinoxylon namsangensis Lakhanpal et al. 1981
†Laurinoxylon pulchrum Knowlton 1899
†Laurinoxylon tertiarum Prakash and Tripathi 1974
†Laurinoxylon varkalaensis Awasthi and Ahuja 1982
G. †Laurocalyx Reid and Chandler 1933
+
†Laurocalyx globularis Reid and Chandler 1933
G. †Laurocarpum Reid and Chandler 1933
+
†Laurocarpum cupuliferum Chandler 1961
†Laurocarpum davisi Chandler 1961
†Laurocarpum inornatum Chandler 1961
†Laurocarpum minimum Reid and Chandler 1933
†Laurocarpum minutissimum Reid and Chandler 1933
†Laurocarpum ovoideum Reid and Chandler 1933
†Laurocarpum paradoxum Reid and Chandler 1933
†Laurocarpum proteum Reid and Chandler 1933
†Laurocarpum sheppeyense Reid and Chandler 1933
G. †Laurophyllites Weyland and Klipper 1963
+
†Laurophyllites ocoteaeformis Weyland and Klipper 1963
G. †Laurophyllum Göppert 1853
+
†Laurophyllum acutum Hill 1986
†Laurophyllum alseodaphnoides Wang and Sun 2019
†Laurophyllum angustifolium Newberry 1895
†Laurophyllum arcuatum Hill 1986
†Laurophyllum australum Jordan 1997
†Laurophyllum calicarioides Bannister et al. 2012
†Laurophyllum caudatum Brown 1962
†Laurophyllum debile Dawson 1882
†Laurophyllum elegans Hollick 1907
†Laurophyllum florum Berry 1916
†Laurophyllum fotanensis Wang and Sun 2019
†Laurophyllum hickenii Menéndez 1959
†Laurophyllum insigne Dawson 1893
†Laurophyllum juvenalis Berry 1916
†Laurophyllum kurtzi Berry 1937
†Laurophyllum lacustris Bannister et al. 2012
†Laurophyllum lanceolatum Newberry 1895
†Laurophyllum lindaiensis Wang and Sun 2019
†Laurophyllum litseaefolia MacGinitie 1941
†Laurophyllum maarensis Bannister et al. 2012
†Laurophyllum microphyllum Bannister et al. 2012
†Laurophyllum minus Newberry 1895
†Laurophyllum nervillosum Hollick 1907
†Laurophyllum ocoteaeoides Hollick 1912
†Laurophyllum otagoensis Bannister et al. 2012
†Laurophyllum perseanum Brown 1962
†Laurophyllum preflorum Berry 1916
†Laurophyllum proteaefolium Menéndez 1959
†Laurophyllum sinuatum Hill 1986
†Laurophyllum striatum Hill and Merrifield 1993
†Laurophyllum sylvestris Bannister et al. 2012
†Laurophyllum taieriensis Bannister et al. 2012
†Laurophyllum triangulatum Wang and Sun 2019
†Laurophyllum vulcanicola Bannister et al. 2012
†Laurophyllum waipiata Bannister et al. 2012
†Laurophyllum zhangpuensis Wang and Sun 2019
G. Laurus Linnaeus 1753
+
Laurus acuminata Brown 1864
Laurus aestivalis Linnaeus 1753
†Laurus antecedens Lesquereux 1885
†Laurus atanensis Berry 1914
+
Invalid names: Laurus angusta Heer 1882 [synonym]
†Laurus baueri Knowlton 1916
Laurus benzoin Linnaeus 1753
Laurus borbonia Linnaeus 1753
†Laurus brossiana Lesquereux 1878
†Laurus californica Lesquereux 1883
Laurus camphora Linnaeus 1753
†Laurus cascadia Duror 1916
Laurus cassia Linnaeus 1753
†Laurus caudata Knowlton 1918
Laurus cinnamomum Linnaeus 1753
†Laurus colombi Heer 1865
†Laurus coloradensis Knowlton 1917
†Laurus crassinervis Dawson 1882
†Laurus fuerstenbergii Braun 1850
†Laurus grandis Lesquereux 1883
†Laurus hollae Heer 1882
†Laurus hollickii Berry 1903
Laurus indica Linnaeus 1753
†Laurus knowltoni Lesquereux 1891
†Laurus macrocarpa Lesquereux 1868
†Laurus mansuyi Colani 1920
†Laurus microcarpa Lesquereux 1891
†Laurus modesta Lesquereux 1883
†Laurus montana Knowlton 1899
†Laurus nebrascensis Lesquereux 1869
†Laurus newberryana Hollick 1892
Laurus nobilis Linnaeus 1753
†Laurus omalii Saporta and Marion 1873
†Laurus oregoniana Knowlton 1902
†Laurus palaeophila Knowlton and Cockerell 1919
+
Invalid names: Laurus acuminata Newberry 1882 [replaced]
†Laurus perdita Knowlton 1899
Laurus persea Linnaeus 1753
†Laurus plutonia Heer 1882
†Laurus praestans Lesquereux 1875
†Laurus primigenia Unger 1850
†Laurus princeps Heer 1856
†Laurus proteaefolia Lesquereux 1875
†Laurus ratonensis Knowlton 1918
+
Invalid names: Ficus pseudolmediafolia Berry 1916 [synonym]
†Laurus resurgens Saporta 1866
Laurus salicifolia Banks and Solander 1838
Laurus sassafras Linnaeus 1753
†Laurus schmidtiana Heer 1878
†Laurus similis Knowlton 1900
†Laurus socialis Lesquereux 1878
†Laurus teliformis Lesquereux 1891
†Laurus utahensis Lesquereux 1878
†Laurus wardiana Knowlton 1898
+
Invalid names: Laurus ocoteoides Lesquereux 1878 [synonym]
Laurus winterana Linnaeus 1753
G. Lindera Thunberg 1783
+
†Lindera obtusata Brown 1962
Lindera pulcherrima Hooker 1886
G. †Litsaeophyllum Deane 1902
+
G. Litsea de Lamarck 1792
+
†Litsea bhatiai Mathur 1978
Litsea cubeba Loureiro 1806
Litsea populifolia Hemsley 1914
†Litsea prenitida Lakhanpal and Awasthi 1984
†Litsea pyriformis Reid and Chandler 1933
†Litsea weediana Knowlton 1893
G. Litseaphyllum Wolfe 1977
+
Litseaphyllum presanguinea Chaney and Sanborn 1933
G. †Litseopsis Weyland 1938
+
†Litseopsis novazelandiae Bannister et al. 2012
†Litseopsis rottensis Weyland 1938
G. Machilus Nees 1831
+
†Machilus miocenica Prasad and Pandey 2008
Machilus thunbergii Siebold and Zuccarini 1843
G. †Machilusoxylon Ingle 1974
+
G. Malapoenna Adanson 1763
+
†Malapoenna cretacea Lesquereux 1891
†Malapoenna cuneata Knowlton 1899
†Malapoenna falcifolia Lesquereux 1891
†Malapoenna lamarensis Knowlton 1899
†Malapoenna praecursoria Lesquereux 1883
†Malapoenna sessiliflora Lesquereux 1873
†Malapoenna weediana Knowlton 1898
Invalid names: Tetranthera Jacques 1797 [synonym]
G. †Marmarthia Johnson 1996
+
†Marmarthia johnsonii Peppe et al. 2007
†Marmarthia pearsonii Johnson 1996
†Marmarthia trivialis Johnson 1996
G. †Mauldinia Drinnan et al. 1990
+
†Mauldinia bohemica Ecklund and Kvacek 1998
G. Mespilodaphne Nees 1833
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†Mespilodaphne eolignitica Hollick 1899
†Mespilodaphne longifolia Engelhardt 1864
G. †Mezilaurinoxylon Ruiz et al. 2020
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†Mezilaurinoxylon oleiferum Ruiz et al. 2020
G. Michilus Prasad 1994
+
†Michilus miocenica Prasad 1994
G. Nectandra Bergius 1767
+
†Nectandra glenni Berry 1916
†Nectandra imperfecta Hollick 1906
†Nectandra lancifolia Lesquereux 1869
†Nectandra lowii Berry 1916
†Nectandra patagonica Berry 1925
†Nectandra prolifica Berry 1938
†Nectandra puryearensis Berry 1916
†Nectandra saltensis Anzótegui 1998
G. †Nectandrophyllum Engelhardt 1891
G. Neocinnamomum Liu 1934
G. Neolitsea Merrill 1906
+
†Neolitsea lata MacGinitie 1941
†Neolitsea sahnii Lakhanpal 1955
G. †Nothaphoebe Blume 1851
+
†Nothaphoebe neogaea Berry 1938
G. Ocotea Aublet 1775
+
†Ocotea nassauensis Hollick 1906
G. †Ocoteoxylon Schuster 1908
+
†Ocoteoxylon ligurinum Schuster 1908
G. Oreodaphne Nees 1833
+
†Oreodaphne alabamensis Berry 1912
†Oreodaphne coushatta Berry 1916
†Oreodaphne cretacea Lesquereux 1874
†Oreodaphne litsaeformis Lesquereux 1888
†Oreodaphne obtusifolia Berry 1916
†Oreodaphne ratonensis Knowlton 1918
†Oreodaphne salinensis Berry 1916
†Oreodaphne wilcoxensis Berry 1916
G. Persea Gaertner 1805
+
Persea borbonia Linnaeus 1825
†Persea brossiana Lesquereux 1878
†Persea coloradica Cockerell 1908
†Persea dilleri Lesquereux 1888
†Persea hayana Lesquereux 1891
†Persea leconteana Lesquereux 1869
†Persea longipetiolata Hollick 1899
†Persea mycrophylla Mez 1892
†Persea praelingue Sanborn 1935
†Persea pseudocarolinensis Lesquereux 1878
†Persea pubescens Pursh 1907
†Persea punctulata Lesquereux 1888
†Persea purniyagiriensis Lakhanpal and Guleria 1978
†Persea schimperi Lesquereux 1891
†Persea speciosa Heer 1888
†Persea sternbergii Lesquereux 1872
†Persea valida Hollick 1906
†Persea wilcoxiana Berry 1916
G. †Perseanthus Herendeen et al. 1994
G. †Perseoxylon Felix 1887
+
†Perseoxylon antiquum Felix 1887
†Perseoxylon aromaticum Felix 1896
†Perseoxylon californicum Platen 1907
†Perseoxylon eberi Platen 1907
G. †Persites Hickey 1977
+
†Persites argutus Hickey 1977
G. Phoebe Nees 1836
+
†Phoebe champarensis Awasthi and Lakhanpal 1990
†Phoebe elliptica Engelhardt 1891
†Phoebe pseudolanceolata Colani 1920
Phoebe sheareri Hemsley 1914
†Phoebe sublanceolata Bhattacharyya 1983
G. †Piliparicutis Roselt and Schneider 1969
+
†Piliparicutis radivirgata Roselt and Schneider 1969
G. †Potomacanthus von Balthazar et al. 2007
+
†Potomacanthus lobatus von Balthazar et al. 2007
G. Potoxylon Kostermans 1978
G. †Protoravensara Reid and Chandler 1933
+
†Protoravensara sheppeyensis Reid and Chandler 1933
G. Sassafras Nees 1831 [sassafras]
+
†Sassafras acutilobum Lesquereux 1874
†Sassafras angustilobum Hollick 1906
†Sassafras bilobatum Fontaine 1889
†Sassafras burpeana Dawson 1885
†Sassafras dissectum Lesquereux 1883
†Sassafras giganteum Gould 1900
†Sassafras hastatum Newberry 1895
†Sassafras latilobum Newberry 1868
+
Invalid names: Sassafras mirabilis Lesquereux 1872 [synonym]
†Sassafras mudgii Lesquereux 1868
†Sassafras papillosum Lesquereux 1891
†Sassafras parvifolium Fontaine 1889
†Sassafras platanoides Lesquereux 1883
†Sassafras potomacensis Berry 1911
†Sassafras primordiale Lesquereux 1891
†Sassafras progenitor Newberry 1894
†Sassafras recurvatum Lesquereux 1874
†Sassafras selwynii Dawson 1880
†Sassafras subintegrifolium Lesquereux 1868
†Sassafras thermale Brown 1962
G. †Sassafrophyllum Velenovsky 1889
G. †Trianthera Conwentz 1886
+
†Trianthera eusideroxyloides Conwentz 1886
G. †Ulminium Unger 1842
+
†Ulminium artabeae Brea 1998
†Ulminium atlanticum Romero 1970
†Ulminium chubutense Brea 1995
†Ulminium diluviale Unger 1842
†Ulminium mulleri Page 1967
G. Umbellularia Nuttall 1842
+
†Umbellularia salicifolia Lesquereux 1883
G. Williamodendron Kubitzki and Richter 1987
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Diet: "photoautotroph"p
Created: 2011-07-22 00:04:15
Modified: 2011-07-21 09:04:15
Source: p = phylum
Reference: Kiessling 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Aptian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 125.00000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 113.0 Ma

Collections (654 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Cretaceous145.0 - 100.5USA (South Dakota) Sassafras Mudgii (34868)
Early/Lower Cretaceous145.0 - 100.5USA (Virginia) Potomacanthus lobatus (106469)
Early/Lower Cretaceous145.0 - 100.5Canada (British Columbia) Sassafras parvofilium (31384)
Early/Lower Cretaceous145.0 - 100.5USA (Georgia) Malapoenna horrenellensis (212691)
Cretaceous145.0 - 66.0Argentina (Chubut) Laurophyllum kurtzi, Laurophyllum hickenii, Laurophyllum proteaefolium (153393)
Barremian - Cenomanian129.4 - 93.9Germany Mauldinia angustiloba (114699)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0Mexico (Chiapas) Lauraceae indet. (68835)
Albian113.0 - 100.5USA (Wyoming) Sassafras bradleyii (102759)
Albian113.0 - 100.5USA (Kansas) Sassafras mudgii (102718 102722) Sassafras mudgli (29018)
Middle Albian - Late/Upper Albian109.0 - 99.6USA (Virginia) Sassafras bilobata (106317)
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6USA (Kansas) Sassafras sp. (34726)
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6USA (Wyoming) Laurus aspensis, Sassafras bradleyi (31174)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Wyoming) Laurus aspensis, Sassafras bradleyi (34972)
Late/Upper Cretaceous100.5 - 66.0Argentina (Santa Cruz) Laurophyllum kurtzi (140359) Sassafras acutilobum (153400)
Late/Upper Cretaceous100.5 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Cinnamomum sp., Cinnamomum hesperium (31382) Laurophyllum salicifolium, Laurophyllum wardiana (34974)
Late/Upper Cretaceous - Early/Lower Eocene100.5 - 48.6New Zealand (Kakahu) Lauraceae indet. (168544)
Late/Upper Cretaceous - Eocene100.5 - 33.9New Zealand (Canterbury) Lauraceae indet. 1, Lauraceae indet. 3 (170890 170891) Lauraceae indet. 2 (170883) Lauraceae indet. 3 (170878)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5USA (Maryland) Mauldinia mirabilis (31101 34829)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5USA (Wyoming) Cinnamomum sp., Cinnamomum hesperium (31187)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Canada (Alberta) Laurophyllum sp. (35090)