PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Meniscoessus

Mammalia - Multituberculata - Cimolomyidae

Taxonomy

Meniscoessus was named by Cope (1882). Its type is Meniscoessus conquistus.

It was assigned to Stegosauria by Marsh (1892); to Plagiaulacinae by Hay (1902); to Ptilodontidae by Simpson (1927), Simpson (1929), Hay (1930), Wood and Ormsbee (1954); to Taeniolabididae by Cope (1882), McKenna and Bell (1997); and to Cimolomyidae by Sloan and Van Valen (1965), Clemens and Kielan-Jaworowska (1979), Lillegraven and McKenna (1986), Lillegraven (1987), Kielan-Jaworowska and Hurum (2001), Kielan-Jaworowska et al. (2004), Wilson et al. (2010), Donohue et al. (2013).

Species

M. collomensis, M. conquistus (type species), M. ferox, M. intermedius, M. major, M. robustus (syn. Oracodon anceps, Dipriodon lunatus, M. greeni, Oracodon conulus, M. borealis, Halodon sculptus, Selenacodon fragilis, Tripriodon coelatus), M. seminoensis

Synonyms

Dipriodon was named by Marsh (1889). Its type is Loxaulax valdensis.

It was synonymized subjectively with Meniscoessus by Osborn (1893), Hay (1902), Simpson (1929), Simpson (1936), Clemens (1964), Sahni (1972), Montellano (1992).

It was assigned to Dipriodontidae by Marsh (1889); and to Polymastodontidae by Hay (1930).
Halodon was named by Marsh (1889).

It was synonymized subjectively with Meniscoessus by Osborn (1893), Hay (1902), Simpson (1929), Hay (1930), Simpson (1936), Clemens (1964), Sahni (1972), Montellano (1992).

It was assigned to Plagiaulacidae by Marsh (1889); and to Mammalia by Marsh (1889).
Oracodon was named by Marsh (1889). Its type is Oracodon anceps.

It was synonymized subjectively with Meniscoessus by Simpson (1929), Clemens (1964), Sahni (1972), Montellano (1992).

It was assigned to Mammalia by Marsh (1889); to Plagiaulacinae by Hay (1902); and to Ptilodontidae by Hay (1930).
Selenacodon was named by Marsh (1889).

It was synonymized subjectively with Meniscoessus by Hay (1902), Simpson (1929), Hay (1930), Clemens (1964), Sahni (1972), Montellano (1992).

It was assigned to Mammalia by Marsh (1889).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1882	Meniscoessus Cope
1889	Dipriodon Marsh
1889	Halodon Marsh
1889	Oracodon Marsh
1889	Selenacodon Marsh
1889	Dipriodon Marsh p. 85
1889	Selenacodon Marsh p. 86
1889	Halodon Marsh p. 87
1889	Oracodon Marsh p. 178
1892	Meniscoessus Marsh
1902	Meniscoessus Hay p. 560
1902	Oracodon Hay p. 561
1927	Meniscoessus Simpson p. 3
1929	Meniscoessus Simpson pp. 101-107
1930	Oracodon Hay p. 381
1930	Meniscoessus Hay p. 382
1930	Dipriodon Hay p. 384
1954	Meniscoessus Wood and Ormsbee p. 26
1965	Meniscoessus Sloan and Van Valen p. 222
1979	Meniscoessus Clemens and Kielan-Jaworowska p. 102
1986	Meniscoessus Lillegraven and McKenna p. 22
1987	Meniscoessus Lillegraven
1997	Meniscoessus McKenna and Bell
2001	Meniscoessus Kielan-Jaworowska and Hurum p. 419
2004	Meniscoessus Kielan-Jaworowska et al. pp. 255, 328 fig. 8.41B
2010	Meniscoessus Wilson et al. p. 507
2013	Meniscoessus Donohue et al. p. 684

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Allotheria	()
order	Multituberculata	Cope 1884
suborder	Cimolodonta	()
family	Cimolomyidae
genus	Meniscoessus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Meniscoessus Cope 1882

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†Meniscoessus collomensis Lillegraven 1987

†Meniscoessus conquistus Cope 1882

†Meniscoessus ferox Fox 1971

†Meniscoessus intermedius Fox 1976

†Meniscoessus major Russell 1936

†Meniscoessus robustus Marsh 1889

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Invalid names: Dipriodon lunatus Marsh 1889 [synonym], Halodon sculptus Marsh 1889 [synonym], Meniscoessus borealis Simpson 1927 [synonym], Meniscoessus greeni Wilson 1987 [synonym], Oracodon anceps Marsh 1889 [synonym], Oracodon conulus Marsh 1892 [synonym], Selenacodon fragilis Marsh 1889 [synonym], Tripriodon coelatus Marsh 1889 [synonym]

†Meniscoessus seminoensis Eberle and Lillegraven 1998

Invalid names: Dipriodon Marsh 1889 [synonym], Halodon Marsh 1889 [synonym], Oracodon Marsh 1889 [synonym], Selenacodon Marsh 1889 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

arborealo

Diet:

herbivoreo

Created:

2005-09-01 17:42:57

Modified:

2005-09-01 19:42:57

Source: o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Hendy et al. 2009, Jenkins and Krause 1983, Carroll 1988, Hopson 1973

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Santonian to the top of the Lancian or 85.70000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (144 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	Canada (Alberta)	M. ferox (14426)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Utah)	M. intermedius (14421 14430) M. sp. (14429)
Judithian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Texas)	M. sp. (14488 14489)
Judithian	83.6 - 72.2	Canada (Alberta)	Cimolomys major (14471 14485) M. intermedius (14476) M. sp. (14451)
Judithian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (New Mexico)	M. intermedius (14464)
Judithian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Wyoming)	M. intermedius (14433)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Utah)	M. sp. (14466)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Canada (Alberta)	M. major (45893)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (New Mexico)	M. intermedius (14436 14498)
Middle Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Canada (Alberta)	M. major (45561 45564 45566 45820)
Middle Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Montana)	M. major (14482)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Canada (Saskatchewan)	M. sp. (229975)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Montana)	M. major (14435 14445 14446 14448 14450 14460 14461 14470 14483) M. sp. (14434 14490)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	USA (Colorado)	M. collomensis (14497) M. sp. (167302)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Canada (Alberta)	M. conquistus, M. robustus (14502)
Lancian	72.2 - 66.0	Canada (Saskatchewan)	M. robustus (14551 14558 14584 14655)
Lancian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Wyoming)	Dipriodon lunatus, Dipriodon robustus, Halodon gracilis, Halodon sculptus, M. robustus, Selenacodon fragilis, Tripriodon coelatus (14565) Dipriodon lunatus, Halodon sculptus (14567) Dipriodon lunatus, Halodon sculptus, M. robustus, Oracodon anceps, Selenacodon fragilis (14591) Dipriodon robustus (14566 14587) Halodon sculptus (14511 14586) Halodon sculptus, M. robustus (14588) M. robustus (14505 14514 14519 14524 14527 14538 14561 14577 14596 14598 14606 14625 14626 14641 14642 14644 14656 45844) M. robustus, Oracodon anceps (14589 14590 14592) M. seminoensis (14545) M. sp. (26626)
Lancian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (New Mexico)	M. sp. (14619)
Lancian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Colorado)	M. conquistus (14581) M. robustus (96083) M. sp. (14640)
Lancian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Montana)	M. borealis (14515 14517 14562 14576 14594 14595) M. robustus (14506 14516 14523 14525 14534 14546 14549 14550 14552 14553 14554 14559 14568 14572 14575 14580 14583 14597 14608 14611 14616 14618 14623 14624 14629 14639 14645 14646 14647 14649 14650 14651 14652 14653 14654 172642 172644) M. sp. (14532 14600 14613)
Lancian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (North Dakota)	M. robustus (14620 14621) M. sp., M. robustus (14610)
Lancian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (South Dakota)	M. robustus (14537 14604) M. sp. (14612) Moeniscoessus robustus (14571)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Wyoming)	M. robustus (14585)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (New Mexico)	M. sp. (154616)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (South Dakota)	M. sp. (45390)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Montana)	M. borealis (119007) M. robustus (55326 183109)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (North Dakota)	M. robustus (45111 45124 45128 45130) M. sp. (45136 45144) M. sp., M. robustus (45099 45102)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Montana)	M. robustus (55353) M. sp. (85499)