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Odocoileus virginianus (white-tailed deer)

Mammalia - Cervidae

Taxonomy
Dama virginiana was named by Zimmermann (1780). It is extant.

It was recombined as Cervus virginianus by Leidy (1860); it was recombined as Odocoileus virginianus by Schultz and Howard (1935), Miller and Kellogg (1955), Wilson (1967), Lundelius (1972), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Hershkovitz (1982), Smith (1991), Hulbert and Pratt (1998), Cisneros (2005), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008).

Subspecies
O. aplodon
Sister species lacking formal opinion data
O. hemionus, O. virgininianus

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1780Dama virginiana Zimmermann
1860Cervus virginianus Leidy p. 109
1902Dama virginiana Hay p. 684
1935Odocoileus virginianus Schultz and Howard p. 286
1937Odocoileus cooki Frick
1937Odocoileus sheridanus Frick
1955Odocoileus virginianus Miller and Kellogg
1967Odocoileus virginianus Wilson p. 218
1972Odocoileus virginianus Lundelius, Jr.
1980Odocoileus virginianus Kurten and Anderson p. 310
1982Odocoileus virginianus Hershkovitz p. 8
1991Odocoileus virginianus Smith p. 1
1998Odocoileus virginianus Hulbert, Jr. and Pratt
2005Odocoileus virginianus Cisneros p. 249
2008Odocoileus virginianus Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 978 figs. Fig. 5

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
RankNameAuthor
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
—Ruminantiamorpha
—Ruminantia(Scopoli 1777)
—Pecora()
superfamilyCervoidea
familyCervidae
—Telemetacarpalia
tribeOdocoileini(Pocock 1923)
genusOdocoileusRafinesque 1832
speciesvirginianus(Zimmermann 1780)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann 1780 [white-tailed deer]
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Invalid names: Odocoileus cooki Frick 1937 [synonym], Odocoileus sheridanus Frick 1937 [synonym]
†Odocoileus virginianus aplodon Slaughter and Crook 1962
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Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
partNmean

Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: browserg
Reproduction: viviparousf
Created: 2009-01-04 10:41:19
Modified: 2009-01-04 12:41:19
Source: g = genus, f = family, o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Nowak 1999, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1991, MacFadden and Cerling 1996

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Pliocene to the top of the Holocene or 3.60000 to 0.00000 Ma

Collections (146 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (Florida) Odocoileus virginianus (19752 19753 19754 113275)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8El Salvador Odocoileus virginianus (70118)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Mexico (Sonora) Odocoileus virginianus (231945)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806USA (Florida) Odocoileus virginianus (19758 20384)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781USA (Florida) Odocoileus virginianus (19750 98313)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (West Virginia) Odocoileus virginianus (79661 124319)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (South Carolina) Odocoileus virginianus (65405)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) Odocoileus virginianus (104673)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (Georgia) Odocoileus virginianus (238514)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (Maryland) Odocoileus virginianus (126660)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (Texas) Cervidae indet. (85140 207423)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (Tennessee) Odocoileus virginianus (74240 74246 93253)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Odocoileus virginianus (227368)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0USA (Texas) Odocoileus virginianus (93258)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0USA (West Virginia) Odocoileus virginianus (79660)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Texas) Odocoileus sp. (20342) Odocoileus virginianus (20318 20530)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Arkansas) Odocoileus virginianus (20290)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Pennsylvania) Odocoileus virginianus (20354 20479)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (South Carolina) Odocoileus virginianus (79919)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Florida) Odocoileus virginianus (20289 20299 20308 20351 20385 20400 20401 20403 20415 20475 20478 20482 20494 20520 58089)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Nebraska) Odocoileus sheridanus (20347)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Alabama) Odocoileus virginianus (20281)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (California) Odocoileus virginianus (20272)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Maryland) Odocoileus virginianus (20302)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129USA (Virginia) Odocoileus virginianus (104662)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012USA (Florida) Odocoileus virginianus (20440 20491 195112)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012USA (Texas) Odocoileus virginianus (225289)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012Mexico (Chiapas) Odocoileus virginianus (226041)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Odocoileus virginianus (74361 154722)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Michigan) Odocoileus virginianus (63227 63401 200485 200631 200639 200640)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Odocoileus sp. (20581) Odocoileus virginianus (20571 20572 20573 20580 20593 20594 20595 20629 20634 20636 20647 20650 20653 79667)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Odocoileus osceola (34269) Odocoileus virginianus (20638 74292 154804 154805 154910)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Texas) Odocoileus sp. (85142)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117Canada (Alberta) Odocoileus virginianus (20615)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (New Mexico) Odocoileus virginianus (93281)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Texas) Odocoileus virginianus (74470 93103)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Indiana) Odocoileus virginianus (74142)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Odocoileus virginianus (20608 154921)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Guatemala (Santa Rosa) Odocoileus virginianus (212616)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Alabama) Odocoileus virginianus (84195)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Guatemala (Huehuetenango) Odocoileus virginianus (212607)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Georgia) Odocoileus virginianus (20604 20613)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Georgia) Odocoileus virginianus (13066)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Mexico (Hidalgo) Odocoileus virginianus (190114 190115)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (West Virginia) Odocoileus virginianus (93332 124198 124199)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Texas) Odocoileus virginianus (79581 79582)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Oklahoma) Odocoileus virginianus (216271)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) Odocoileus virginianus (82258 103358 103991 104697 104758 107875 124089)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Missouri) Odocoileus virginianus (93379)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117Canada (Ontario) Odocoileus virginianus (20587)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Canada (Ontario) Odocoileus virginianus (20602)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Ohio) Odocoileus virginianus (93208)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (South Carolina) Odocoileus virginianus (152904)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0USA (Virginia) Odocoileus virginianus (104035 104680 104689)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0USA (Tennessee) Odocoileus virginianus (63429)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Texas) Odocoileus virginianus (79583 79584 79585)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Ontario) Odocoileus virginianus (221863)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Ohio) Odocoileus virginianus (195062 195065 195066 195067 195068 195069)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Georgia) Odocoileus virginianus (152113)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Massachusetts) Cervus virginianus (122440 176525)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Quebec) Odocoileus virginianus (221970 224189)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Virginia) Odocoileus virginianus (104043 104675 104707)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Panama Odocoileus virginianus (21691)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Maine) Cervus virginianus (122450 176524)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Venezuela (Guarico) Odocoileus virginianus (21686)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Florida) Odocoileus virginianus (227371)