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Lamiids

Angiospermae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2016Lamiids The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomPlantae
phylumSpermatophyta
classAngiospermae
—Mesangiosperms
—EudicotsDoyle and Hotton 1991
—CoreeudicotsThe Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2009
RankNameAuthor
—Superasterids
—Asterids
—Euasterids
—Lamiids
—Lamiids

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Lamiids The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2016
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Or. Boraginales Berchtold and Presl 1820
+
Fm. Boraginaceae de Jussieu 1789 [borage]
+
G. Arnebia Forsskål 1775
G. †Biorbia Elias 1932
+
†Biorbia rugosa Berry 1932
G. †Boraginocarpus Mathur 1974
+
G. †Borraginites Heer 1859
+
G. †Calvarinus Reid and Reid 1910
+
†Calvarinus reticulatus Reid and Reid 1910
G. Cordia Linnaeus 1753
+
†Cordia apiculata Hollick 1892
†Cordia eocenica Berry 1916
Cordia glabra Linnaeus 1753
†Cordia lowii Berry 1916
Cordia myxa Linnaeus 1753
Cordia sebestena Linnaeus 1753
†Cordia tiliaefolia Braun 1845
G. †Cordioxylon Awasthi 1984
+
†Cordioxylon multiseriatum Awasthi 1984
†Cordioxylon prototrichotoma Brea and Zucol 2006
G. †Davisella Reid and Chandler 1933
+
†Davisella ehretioides Reid and Chandler 1933
G. Ehretia Linnaeus
+
†Ehretia clausentia Chandler 1961
†Ehretia lakensis Chandler 1962
G. †Ehretiaecarpum Menzel 1913
+
†Ehretiaecarpum parvulum Menzel 1913
G. Greeneocharis Gürke and Harms 1899
G. Halacsya Dörfler 1902
G. Heliotropium Linnaeus 1753 [heliotrope]
+
Heliotropium europaeum Linnaeus 1753
Heliotropium indicum Linnaeus 1753
Heliotropium orientale Linnaeus 1753
Heliotropium supinum Linnaeus 1753
G. Hydrophyllum Linnaeus 1753
+
G. Lappula Moench 1794
G. †Lithospermites Berry 1929
+
†Lithospermites glabrum Berry 1929
G. †Myoporiphyllum Ettinghausen 1891
+
†Myoporiphyllum angustum Ettingshausen 1891
G. Ogastemma Brummitt 1982
G. †Prolithospermum Elias 1942
+
G. Sericostoma Stocks
G. Tiquilia Persoon 1805 [crinklemat]
G. Trichodesma Brown
Invalid names: Codonaceae Weigend and Hilger [synonym], Ehretioideae [empty]
Fm. Heliotropiaceae Schrader 1819
+
G. Tournefortia Linnaeus 1753
+
Tournefortia glabra Linnaeus 1753
Tournefortia humilis Linnaeus 1753
Tournefortia servata Linnaeus 1753
Tournefortia sibirica Linnaeus 1753
Tournefortia volubilis Linnaeus 1753
Or. Garryales Lindley 1835
+
Fm. †Eucommiaceae Engler 1907
+
G. Eucommia Oliver 1890
+
†Eucommia nipponica Ozaki 1974
Invalid names: Garryaceae Lindley 1834 [empty]
Or. Gentianales Berchtold and Presl 1820
+
Fm. Apocynaceae de Jussieu 1789 [dogbane]
+
G. Alstonia Brown 1810
+
†Alstonia mioscholaris Antal and Awasthi 1993
†Alstonia nepalensis Prasad and Dwivedi 2007
G. †Alyxia Banks and Brown 1810
+
†Alyxia koilabasensis Prasad and Dwivedi 2007
G. †Apocynocarpum Ettingshausen 1886
+
†Apocynocarpum sulcatum Ettingshausen 1886
G. †Apocynophyllum Unger 1850
+
†Apocynophyllum lesquereuxii Ettingshausen 1883
†Apocynophyllum linifolium Knowlton 1917
†Apocynophyllum pealii Ettingshausen 1883
†Apocynophyllum scudderi Lesquereux 1883
†Apocynophyllum sordidum Lesquereux 1891
†Apocynophyllum tabellarum Lesquereux 1869
G. †Apocynospermum Reid and Chandler 1926
+
†Apocynospermum acutiforme Chandler 1962
†Apocynospermum lakense Chandler 1961
†Apocynospermum striatum Reid and Chandler 1926
G. †Aspidospermoxylon Kruse 1954
+
G. Carissa Linnaeus 1767
+
†Carissa koilabasensis Prasad 1994
G. Chonemorpha Don 1837
+
†Chonemorpha miocenica Prasad and Awasthi 1996
G. †Cricotriporites Leidelmeyer 1966
+
†Cricotriporites camerounensis Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
†Cricotriporites elongatoporus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
†Cricotriporites fragilis van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1966
†Cricotriporites guianensis Leidelmeyer 1966
†Cricotriporites macroporus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
†Cricotriporites minutiporus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
+
Invalid names: Triorites minutipori Müller 1968 [synonym]
†Cricotriporites operculatus van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1966
G. †Cypselites Heer 1859
+
†Cypselites neagelii Heer 1859
G. †Echitonium Unger 1839
+
†Echitonium lanceolatum Ettingshausen 1883
†Echitonium sophiae Weber 1852
†Echitonium superstes Unger 1839
G. †Fezzania Boureau 1956
+
†Fezzania calanchoensis Boureau 1956
G. Hemidesmus Brown 1810
G. Kibatalia Don 1837
G. Landolphia de Beauvois
G. †Leakeyia Chesters 1957
+
†Leakeyia vesiculosa Chesters 1957
G. †Lyonsiaephyllum Deane 1907
+
†Lyonsiaephyllum duni Deane 1907
G. †Neritinium Unger 1850
+
†Neritinium dubium Unger 1850
G. Nerium Linnaeus 1753 [oleander]
+
Nerium divaricatum Linnaeus 1753
†Nerium hinoidea MacGinitie 1941
Nerium oleander Linnaeus 1753
G. †Ochrosella Reid and Chandler 1933
+
†Ochrosella ovalis Reid and Chandler 1933
G. †Ochrosoidea Reid and Chandler 1933
+
†Ochrosoidea sheppeyensis Reid and Chandler 1933
G. Pseudolithos Bally 1965
G. Rauvolfia Linnaeus 1753
+
Rauvolfia tetraphylla Linnaeus 1753
G. Stapelianthus Choux 1933
G. Tabernaemontana Linnaeus 1753 [milkwood]
+
G. †Tabernaemontanophyllum Geyler 1887
G. Thevetia Linnaeus 1758
G. Topea Keller 2017
G. Wrightia Brown 1810
+
†Wrightia palaeotinctoria Prasad and Awasthi 1996
†Wrightia siwalica Prasad 1994
Invalid names: Apocynaceoxylon Chitaley et al. 1970 [nomen nudum], Asclepiadaceae Borkhausen [synonym], Plumieroideae Schumann [empty]
Fm. †Gelsemiaceae Struwe and Albert 1995
+
Invalid names: Pteleocarpaceae Brummitt [synonym]
Fm. Gentianaceae de Jussieu 1789 [gentian]
+
G. Fagraea Thunberg 1782
G. Gentiana Linnaeus 1753
+
Gentiana acaulis Linnaeus 1753
Gentiana amarella Linnaeus 1753
Gentiana aquatica Linnaeus 1753
Gentiana asclepiadea Linnaeus 1753
Gentiana bavarica Linnaeus 1753
Gentiana campestris Linnaeus 1753
Gentiana centaurium Linnaeus 1753
Gentiana ciliata Linnaeus 1753
Gentiana cruciata Linnaeus 1753
Gentiana filiformis Linnaeus 1753
Gentiana lutea Linnaeus 1753
Gentiana nivalis Linnaeus 1753
Gentiana perfoliata Linnaeus 1753
Gentiana pneumonanthe Linnaeus 1753
†Gentiana praeaptera Mai and Walther 1988
Gentiana punctata Linnaeus 1753
Gentiana purpurea Linnaeus 1753
Gentiana quinquefolia Linnaeus 1753
Gentiana saponaria Linnaeus 1753
Gentiana sessilis Linnaeus 1753
Gentiana spicata Linnaeus 1753
Gentiana utriculosa Linnaeus 1753
Gentiana verna Linnaeus 1753
Gentiana villosa Linnaeus 1753
G. †Gentianaceaeformis Biswas 1962
+
G. Lisianthius Browne 1758
G. Nymphoides Séguier 1754
+
Nymphoides indica Kuntze 1892
Invalid names: Limnanthemum Gmelin 1769 [synonym]
G. Schultesia von Martius 1827
G. †Voyrioseminites Trivedi and Chaturvedi 1972
+
†Voyrioseminites magnus Trivedi and Chaturvedi 1972
G. †Jenkinsella Reid and Chandler 1933
+
†Jenkinsella apocynoides Reid and Chandler 1933
Fm. †Loganiaceae Martinov 1827
+
G. †Gaertnera Lamarck 1792
+
†Gaertnera siwalica Prasad 1990
G. Strychnos Linnaeus 1753
+
Strychnos colubrina Linnaeus 1753
Strychnos nuxvomica Linnaeus 1753
Fm. Rubiaceae Jussieu 1789 [coffee]
+
G. Anthocephalus Richard 1830
+
†Anthocephalus siwalica Prasad and Awasthi 1996
G. Asperula Linnaeus 1753 [woodruff]
+
Asperula arvensis Linnaeus 1753
Asperula cynanchica Linnaeus 1753
Asperula odorata Linnaeus 1753
Asperula pyrenaica Linnaeus 1753
Asperula taurina Linnaeus 1753
Asperula tinctoria Linnaeus 1753
G. †Canthidium Unger 1850
+
†Canthidium radobojanum Unger 1850
G. Canthium Lamarck 1783
+
†Canthium siwalica Prasad and Dwivedi 2007
G. Cephalanthus Linnaeus 1753
+
G. Chaetostachydium Airy Shaw 1965
G. †Cinchonidium Unger 1850
+
†Cinchonidium copeanum Lesquereux 1873
†Cinchonidium ovale Lesquereux 1883
†Cinchonidium racemosum Unger 1850
†Cinchonidium turneri Knowlton 1901
G. Coccochondra Rauschert 1982
G. Coprosma Forster and Forster 1775
+
†Coprosma incerta Berry 1938
G. Denscantia Cabral and Bacigalupo 2001
G. Diplospora de Candolle 1830
+
†Diplospora siwalica Prasad and Awasthi 1996
G. Exostema Richard 1808
+
G. Ferdinandusa Pohl 1829
G. Galium Linnaeus 1753 [bedstraw]
+
Galium aparine Linnaeus 1753
Galium bermudense Linnaeus 1753
Galium boreale Linnaeus 1753
Galium glaucum Linnaeus 1753
Galium minutum Linnaeus 1753
Galium mollugo Linnaeus 1753
Galium palustre Linnaeus 1753
Galium parisiense Linnaeus 1753
Galium purpureum Linnaeus 1753
Galium pusillum Linnaeus 1753
Galium rotundifolium Linnaeus 1753
Galium rubioides Linnaeus 1753
Galium rubrum Linnaeus 1753
Galium saxatile Linnaeus 1753
Galium scabrum Linnaeus 1753
Galium spurium Linnaeus 1753
Galium tinctorium Linnaeus 1753
Galium trifidum Linnaeus 1753
Galium uliginosum Linnaeus 1753
Galium verum Linnaeus 1753
G. Gardenia Ellis 1761
+
†Gardenia nainitalensis Prasad 1994
†Gardenia palaeoturgida Lakhanpal and Awasthi 1984
G. †Grumileophyllum Geyler 1887
+
G. Guettarda Linnaeus 1753 [velvetseed]
+
†Guettarda cookei Berry 1921
G. Hamiltonia Roxburgh 1806
G. Hodgkinsonia Mueller 1861
G. Hoffmannia Swartz 1788
+
†Hoffmannia protogea Engelhardt 1891
G. Ixora Linnaeus 1753 [West Indian jasmine]
+
Ixora coccinea Linnaeus 1753
†Ixora purniyagiriensis Prasad et al. 2017
G. †Ixorophyllum Geyler 1887
+
†Ixorophyllum anceps Geyler 1887
G. Jackiopsis Ridsdale 1979
G. Martensianthus Borhidi and Lozada-Pérez 2011
G. Mericarpaea Boissier 1843
G. Mitragyna Korthals
+
†Mitragyna tertiara Konomatsu and Awasthi 1999
G. †Mitragynaxylon Koeniguer and Lemoigne 1973
+
†Mitragynaxylon gevini Koeniguer and Lemoigne 1973
G. Morinda Linnaeus 1753
+
Morinda citrifolia Linnaeus 1753
†Morinda palaeotinctoria Prasad 1994
Morinda royoc Linnaeus 1753
†Morinda siwalica Prasad 1994
Morinda umbellata Linnaeus 1753
G. Mussaenda Linnaeus 1753
+
Mussaenda frondosa Linnaeus 1753
G. Mussaendopsis Baillon 1879
+
†Mussaendopsis suborbiculatus Konomatsu and Awasthi 1999
G. Nauclea Linnaeus 1762
+
†Nauclea seriaensis Prasad and Dwivedi 2007
G. Neanotis Lewis 1966
+
Neanotis indica de Candolle 1830
G. Neohymenopogon Bennet 1981
G. Nertera Banks et al. 1788
G. Oldenlandia Linnaeus 1753
+
Oldenlandia biflora Linnaeus 1753
Oldenlandia corymbosa Linnaeus 1753
Oldenlandia umbellata Linnaeus 1753
Oldenlandia uniflora Linnaeus 1753
G. Ophiorrhiza Linnaeus 1753
+
Ophiorrhiza mitreola Linnaeus 1753
Ophiorrhiza mungos Linnaeus 1753
G. †Palaeocoprosmadites Ramanujam 1966
+
G. †Paleorubiaceaepites Biswas 1962
+
G. Pavetta Linnaeus 1753 [bride's bush]
+
Pavetta indica Linnaeus 1753
G. Psychotria Linnaeus 1753
+
†Psychotria eogenica Berry 1929
†Psychotria grandifolia Engelhardt 1891
G. †Psychotriphyllum Deane 1902
+
G. Randia Linnaeus 1753 [indigoberry]
+
†Randia miouncaria Prasad and Dwivedi 2007
†Randia miowallichii Prasad 1990
†Randia palaeofasciculata Prasad and Awasthi 1996
†Randia tanakpurensis Prasad et al. 2017
G. Rubia Linnaeus 1753 [madder]
+
Rubia cordifolia Linnaeus 1768
Rubia peregrina Linnaeus 1753
Rubia tinctorum Linnaeus 1753
G. †Rubiaceaecarpum Menzel 1913
+
G. †Rubiaceocarpum Kraeusel 1939
G. †Rubioides Perkins 1904
+
†Rubioides lignita Perkins 1904
G. †Rubioxylon Hofmann 1952
+
†Rubioxylon naucleoides Hofmann 1952
G. Schumanniophyton Harms 1897
G. Spermacoce Linnaeus 1753 [false buttonweed]
+
Spermacoce hispida Linnaeus 1753
Spermacoce tenuior Linnaeus 1753
G. †Valerianellites Saporta 1862
+
†Valerianellites capitatus Saporta 1862
G. Wendlandia Bartling 1830
G. Wittmackanthus Kuntze 1891
Invalid names: Geniostomaceae Struwe and Albert [empty], Strychnaceae Perleb [empty]
Or. Icacinales Tiegh
+
Fm. Icacinaceae Miers 1851 [white pear]
+
G. Apodytes Meyer and Arnott 1840
G. †Calatoloides Berry 1922
+
†Calatoloides eocenicum Berry 1922
G. †Gomphandroxylon Bande and Khatri 1980
+
†Gomphandroxylon samnapurense Bande and Khatri 1980
†Gomphandroxylon samnapurensis Bande and Khatri 1980
G. †Icacinicarya Reid and Chandler 1933
+
†Icacinicarya amygdaloidea Chandler 1961
†Icacinicarya collinsonae Pigg et al. 2008
†Icacinicarya densipunctata Collinson et al. 2012
†Icacinicarya dictyota Pigg et al. 2008
†Icacinicarya echinata Chandler 1961
†Icacinicarya emarginata Chandler 1961
†Icacinicarya forbesi Chandler 1961
†Icacinicarya foveolata Reid and Chandler 1933
†Icacinicarya glabra Chandler 1961
†Icacinicarya inornata Chandler 1962
†Icacinicarya minima Reid and Chandler 1933
†Icacinicarya mucronata Chandler 1961
†Icacinicarya nodulifera Reid and Chandler 1933
†Icacinicarya ovoidea Reid and Chandler 1933
†Icacinicarya platycarpa Reid and Chandler 1933
†Icacinicarya reticulata Chandler 1961
†Icacinicarya tiffneyi Collinson et al. 2012
G. Iodes Blume 1825
+
†Iodes acutiformis Chandler 1962
†Iodes corniculata Reid and Chandler 1933
†Iodes davisi Chandler 1961
†Iodes multireticulata Reid and Chandler 1933
G. Mappia von Jacquin 1797
G. Natsiatum Buchanan-Hamilton 1834
+
†Natsiatum eocenicum Chandler 1925
G. †Onoana Chandler and Axelrod 1961
+
†Onoana californica Chandler and Axelrod 1961
G. †Palaeohosiea Kvacek and Buzek 1995
+
†Palaeohosiea bilinica Kvacek and Buzek 1995
G. †Palaeophytocrene Reid and Chandler 1933
+
†Palaeophytocrene ambigua Reid and Chandler 1933
†Palaeophytocrene foveolata Reid and Chandler 1933
†Palaeophytocrene piggae Stull et al. 2012
G. Phytocrene Wallich 1831
+
†Phytocrene punctilinearis Collinson et al. 2012
†Phytocrene sordida Lesquereux 1878
G. Pyrenacantha Hooker 1830
G. †Sphaeriodes Reid and Chandler 1933
+
†Sphaeriodes ventricosa Bowerbank 1933
G. †Stizocarya Reid and Chandler 1933
+
†Stizocarya communis Reid and Chandler 1933
Invalid names: Phytocreneae Engler [empty]
Invalid names: Oncothecaceae Airy Shaw 1965 [empty]
Or. Lamiales Bromhead 1838
+
Fm. Acanthaceae de Jussieu 1789 [acanthus]
+
G. Acanthus Linnaeus 1753
+
Acanthus ilicifolius Linnaeus 1753
Acanthus mollis Linnaeus 1753
Acanthus spinosus Linnaeus 1753
G. Adhatoda Ness
G. Aphelandra Brown 1810
G. Asyslassa Blume
G. Blepharis de Jussieu 1789
G. Bravaisia Candolle 1838
G. Chamaeranthemum Nees 1836
G. Dicliptera Jussieu 1807
G. Eranthemum Linnaeus 1753
+
Eranthemum capense Linnaeus 1753
G. Hygrophila Brown 1810 [swampweed]
G. Hypoestes Brown 1810
G. Justicia Linnaeus 1753 [water-willow]
+
Justicia adhatoda Linnaeus 1753
Justicia betonica Linnaeus 1753
Justicia chinensis Linnaeus 1753
Justicia ecbolium Linnaeus 1753
Justicia echioides Linnaeus 1753
Justicia hyssopifolia Linnaeus 1753
Justicia nasuta Linnaeus 1753
Justicia procumbens Linnaeus 1753
Justicia purpurea Linnaeus 1753
Justicia repens Linnaeus 1753
Justicia sexangularis Linnaeus 1753
G. Lepidagathis Willdenow 1800
G. Peristrophe Nees von Esenbeck 1832
G. Phlogacanthus Nees von Esenbeck 1832
G. Pseuderanthemum Radlkofer 1883
G. Pseudocalyx Radlkofer 1883
G. Rostellularia Reichenbach 1837
G. Rungia Nees von Esenbeck 1832
G. Strobilanthes Blume 1826
+
G. Tessmanniacanthus Mildbraed 1926
G. Vavara Benoist 2021
G. Xerothamnella White 1944
Invalid names: Acanthaceoxylon Chitaley and Patil 1970 [nomen nudum]
Fm. Bignoniaceae de Jussieu 1789 [trumpet vine]
+
G. †Bignoniaceaespermum Straus 1969
+
G. †Bignoniaecarpum Andreanszky 1955
+
†Bignoniaecarpum egregyeme Andreanszky 1955
G. †Bignonicapsula Berry 1930
+
†Bignonicapsula formosa Berry 1930
G. †Bignoniophyllum Ettingshausen 1870
+
†Bignoniophyllum getoniaeformis Ettingshausen 1870
G. †Bignoniphyllum Velenovsky 1889
+
†Bignoniphyllum cordatum Velenovsky 1889
G. †Bignonites Saporta 1861
+
†Bignonites americanus Berry 1925
†Bignonites chalianus Berry 1937
†Bignonites palaeospermus Saporta 1861
G. †Bignonoides Berry 1923
G. †Capsulocarpus Berry 1939
+
G. Catalpa Scopoli 1777
G. Cybistax von Martius 1840
G. †Darmstadtia Collinson et al. 2012
+
†Darmstadtia biseriata Collinson et al. 2012
G. †Dipterospermum Goeppert 1851
+
†Dipterospermum bignonioides Goeppert 1851
G. Fernandoa Welwitsch 1866
G. †Heterophragmoxylon Shete and Kulkarni 1982
+
†Heterophragmoxylon indicum Shete and Kulkarni 1982
G. Markhamia Seemann
G. Parnassia Linnaeus 1753 [grass of Parnassus]
+
Parnassia palustris Linnaeus 1753
G. Phylloctenium Baillon 1887
G. Santisukia Brummitt 1992
G. Tabebuia Gomes 1838 [trumpet tree]
G. Tecoma Jussieu 1789 [trumpetbush]
+
†Tecoma preradicans Berry 1915
G. Tecomella Seemann 1862
+
Tecomella undulata Smith 1805
Fm. Gesneriaceae de Candolle 1816
+
G. Cathayanthe Chun 1946
G. Gloxiniopsis Roalson and Boggan 2005
G. Kohleria Regel 1847
G. Metapetrocosmea Wang 1981
G. Phinaea Bentham 1876
G. Smithiantha Kuntze 1891
G. Tylopsacas Leeuwenberg 1960
Fm. Lamiaceae Martinov 1820 [mint]
+
G. Hoehnea Epling 1939
G. Kurzamra Kuntze 1891
G. Leucas Brown 1810
G. Metastachydium Airy Shaw 1977
G. Ocimum Linnaeus 1753 [basil]
+
Ocimum basilicum Linnaeus 1753
Ocimum frutescens Linnaeus 1753
Ocimum menthoides Linnaeus 1753
Ocimum minimum Linnaeus 1753
Ocimum tenuiflorum Linnaeus 1753
G. Thuspeinanta Durand 1888
Invalid names: Labiatae de Jussieu [synonym]
Fm. †Lentibulariaceae Richard 1808
+
G. Utricularia Linnaeus 1753 [bladderwort]
+
Utricularia bifida Linnaeus 1753
Utricularia caerulea Linnaeus 1753
Utricularia foliosa Linnaeus 1753
Utricularia gibba Linnaeus 1753
Utricularia minor Linnaeus 1753
Utricularia subulata Linnaeus 1753
Utricularia vulgaris Linnaeus 1753
Fm. Linderniaceae Borsch et al. 2005
+
G. Pierranthus Bonati 1912
G. Yamazakia Barker et al. 2018
Fm. Martyniaceae Horan. 1847
+
G. Ibicella Van Eseltine 1929
G. Micranthemum Michaux 1803
Fm. Oleaceae Hoffmannsegg and Link 1809
+
G. Anacolosa Blume 1851
+
†Anacolosa mioluzoniensis Prasad 1994
G. Chionanthus Linnaeus 1753
+
†Chionanthus membranaceus Knowlton 1918
Chionanthus virginicus Linnaeus 1753
Chionanthus zeylanicus Linnaeus 1753
G. †Elaioides Unger 1850
+
†Elaioides fontanesia Unger 1850
G. Forestiera Poiret 1810
G. †Fraxinoxylon Hofmann 1952
+
†Fraxinoxylon prambachense Hofmann 1952
G. Fraxinus Linnaeus 1753 [ash]
+
†Fraxinus abbreviata Lesquereux 1883
Fraxinus americana Linnaeus 1753
†Fraxinus brownellii Lesquereux 1878
†Fraxinus denticulata Heer 1868
†Fraxinus eocenica Lesquereux 1878
Fraxinus excelsior Linnaeus 1753
†Fraxinus heerii Lesquereux 1883
†Fraxinus herendeenensis Knowlton 1894
†Fraxinus johnstrupi Heer 1878
†Fraxinus libbeyi Lesquereux 1883
+
Invalid names: Ostrya betuloides Lesquereux 1883 [synonym]
†Fraxinus mespilifolia Lesquereux 1883
†Fraxinus myricaefolia Lesquereux 1883
Fraxinus nigra Marshall 1785
†Fraxinus oligocenica Suzuki 1982
†Fraxinus oregonensis Knowlton and Cockerell 1919
+
Invalid names: Fraxinus integrifolia Newberry 1882 [replaced]
†Fraxinus palaeophila Cockerell 1908
†Fraxinus praedicta Heer 1859
†Fraxinus richmondensis Berry 1909
†Fraxinus ungeri Lesquereux 1883
†Fraxinus wilcoxiana Berry 1916
†Fraxinus wrightii Knowlton 1899
†Fraxinus yubaensis MacGinitie 1941
G. Jasminum Linnaeus 1753 [jasmine]
+
Jasminum azoricum Linnaeus 1753
Jasminum fructicans Linnaeus 1753
Jasminum humile Linnaeus 1753
Jasminum odoratissimum Linnaeus 1753
Jasminum officinale Linnaeus 1753
G. Ligustrum Linnaeus 1753 [privet]
+
†Ligustrum subtile Hollick 1912
†Ligustrum turaense Bhattacharyya 1983
Ligustrum vulgare Linnaeus 1753
G. Notelaea Ventenat 1804
G. Olea Linnaeus 1753 [olive]
+
Olea capensis Linnaeus 1753
Olea europaea Linnaeus 1753
Olea glandulifera Wallich 1837
†Olea headonensis Chandler 1961
Olea paniculata Brown 1810
G. †Oleaecarpum Menzel 1913
+
†Oleaecarpum germanicum Menzel 1913
G. †Oleinites Cookson 1947
+
†Oleinites willisii Cookson 1947
G. †Oleiphyllum Conwentz 1886
+
†Oleiphyllum boreale Conwentz 1886
G. †Oleoxylon Duperon
+
†Oleoxylon deccanense Trivedi and Srivastava 1981
†Oleoxylon deccanensis Trivedi and Srivastava 1981
Invalid names: Oleoxylon mohgaoense Paradkar and Joshi 1971 [nomen nudum]
G. †Oleracites Saporta 1862
+
†Oleracites convolvuloides Saporta 1862
G. Osmanthus Loureiro 1790
+
†Osmanthus eocenicus Bhattacharyya 1983
†Osmanthus pedatus Lesquereux 1869
+
Invalid names: Olea americana Hilgard 1860 [synonym]
†Osmanthus praemissa Lesquereux 1883
G. Phillyrea Linnaeus 1753
+
Phillyrea angustifolia Linnaeus 1753
Phillyrea latifolia Linnaeus 1753
G. †Schreberoidea Chesters 1957
+
†Schreberoidea pyriformis Chesters 1957
G. †Schreberoxylon Trivedi and Srivastava 1982
+
†Schreberoxylon mohgaoensis Trivedi and Srivastava 1982
G. Syringa Linnaeus 1753 [lilac]
+
Syringa emodi Wallich 1835
Syringa persica Linnaeus 1753
Syringa vulgaris Linnaeus 1753
Invalid names: Oleocarpon Sheikh et al. 1986 [nomen nudum]
Fm. Orobanchaceae Ventenat 1799
+
G. Bardotia Fischer et al. 2012
G. Chloropyron Behr 1855
G. Silviella Pennell 1928
Invalid names: Lindenbergiaceae Doweld [synonym], Rehmanniaceae Reveal [synonym]
G. †Paulownioxylon Watari 1948
+
†Paulownioxylon hondoense Watari 1948
Fm. †Pedaliaceae Brown 1810
+
G. Sesamum Linnaeus 1753 [sesame]
+
Sesamum indicum Linnaeus 1753 [sesame]
Sesamum orientale Linnaeus 1753
Fm. Plantaginaceae Jussieu 1789 [plantain]
+
G. Encopella Pennell 1920
G. Erinus Linnaeus 1753
+
Erinus africanus Linnaeus 1753
Erinus alpinus Linnaeus 1753
Erinus laciniatus Linnaeus 1753
Erinus peruvianus Linnaeus 1753
G. Holmgrenanthe Elisens 1985
G. Keckiella Straw 1967
G. Maurandya Ortega 1797
G. Ourisia Commerson 1789
G. Plantago Linnaeus 1753
+
Plantago albicans Linnaeus 1753
Plantago alpina Linnaeus 1753
Plantago asiatica Linnaeus 1753
Plantago coronopus Linnaeus 1753
Plantago cretica Linnaeus 1753
Plantago cynops Linnaeus 1753
Plantago lagopus Linnaeus 1753
Plantago lanceolata Linnaeus 1753
Plantago loeflingii Linnaeus 1753
Plantago major Linnaeus 1753
Plantago maritima Linnaeus 1753
Plantago media Linnaeus 1753
Plantago psyllium Linnaeus 1753
Plantago subulata Linnaeus 1753
Plantago uniflora Linnaeus 1753
Plantago virginica Linnaeus 1753
Fm. Scrophulariaceae de Jussieu 1789 [figwort]
+
G. Bacopa Aublet 1775 [water hyssop]
G. Eremogeton Standley and Williams 1953
G. Eremophila Brown 1810
G. Limnophila Brown 1810 [marshweed]
G. Linaria Miller 1758 [toadflax]
G. Mimulus Linnaeus 1753 [monkey flower]
+
Mimulus ringens Linnaeus 1753
†Mimulus saxorum Cockerell 1908
G. Oftia Adanson 1763
G. Paulownia Siebold and Zuccarini 1835
G. Pedicularis Linnaeus 1753 [lousewort]
+
Pedicularis comosa Linnaeus 1753
Pedicularis flammea Linnaeus 1753
Pedicularis hirstua Linnaeus 1753
Pedicularis incarnata Linnaeus 1753
Pedicularis lapponica Linnaeus 1753
Pedicularis palustris Linnaeus 1753
Pedicularis reculita Linnaeus 1753
Pedicularis resupinata Linnaeus 1753
Pedicularis rostrata Linnaeus 1753
Pedicularis sylvatica Linnaeus 1753
Pedicularis tuberosa Linnaeus 1753
G. †Scrophularina Heer 1859
+
†Scrophularina oblita Heer 1859
Fm. Thomandersiaceae Sreem. 1977
+
G. Thomandersia Baillon 1892
Fm. Verbenaceae Saint-Hilaire 1805 [verbena]
+
G. Avicennia Linnaeus 1753
+
†Avicennia eocenica Berry 1916
†Avicennia nitidaformis Berry 1916
Avicennia officinalis Linnaeus 1753
G. Callicarpa Linnaeus 1753
+
Callicarpa americana Linnaeus 1753
†Callicarpa siwalika Antal and Awasthi 1993
G. Citharexylum Linnaeus 1753
+
Citharexylum spinosum Linnaeus 1753
G. Clerodendrum Linnaeus 1753 [glorybower]
+
G. Dipyrena Hooker 1830
G. Gmelina Linnaeus 1753
+
Gmelina asiatica Linnaeus 1753
†Gmelina tertiara Bande 1987
G. †Gmelinoxylon Biradar and Bonde 1984
G. Holmskioldia Retzius 1791
G. Lippia Linnaeus 1753
+
Lippia americana Linnaeus 1753
G. †Premnophyllum Velenovsky 1884
+
†Premnophyllum trigonum Velenovsky 1884
G. Tectona Linnaeus 1763 [teak]
+
†Tectona grandis Rao and Sahni 1967
G. †Tectonoxylon Hofmann 1944
+
†Tectonoxylon prambachense Hofmann 1944
G. Vitex Linnaeus 1753 [chaste tree]
+
Vitex agnuscastus Linnaeus 1753
Vitex negundo Linnaeus 1753
Vitex pinnata Linnaeus 1753
†Vitex prenegundo Prasad 1990
†Vitex siwalica Prasad 1990
Vitex trifolia Linnaeus 1753
G. †Vitexoxylon Ingle 1972
+
†Vitexoxylon indicum Ingle 1972
†Vitexoxylon miocenicum Prakash and Tripathi 1974
G. †Viticocarpum Menzel 1913
+
†Viticocarpum pusillum Menzel 1913
Invalid names: Avicenniaceae Endlicher [empty], Byblidaceae Domin 1922 [empty], Calceolariaceae Olmstead 2001 [empty], Carlemanniaceae Airy Shaw 1965 [empty], Cyclocheilaceae Marais [empty], Lennoaceae zu Solms-Laubach [empty], Mazaceae Reveal [empty], Paulowniaceae Nakai 1949 [empty], Phrymaceae Schauer 1847 [empty], Plocospermataceae Hutchinson 1973 [empty], Schlegeliaceae Reveal 1996 [empty], Stilbaceae Kunth 1831 [empty], Tetrachondraceae Wettst. 1924 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Diet: "photoautotroph"p
Created: 2011-07-22 00:04:15
Modified: 2011-07-21 09:04:15
Source: p = phylum
Reference: Kiessling 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Hauterivian to the top of the Holocene or 132.90000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 129.4 Ma

Collections (620 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Cretaceous145.0 - 66.0Argentina (Chubut) Bignonites chalianus (153393)
Hauterivian132.9 - 129.4USA (California) Onoana californica (216252)
Late/Upper Cretaceous100.5 - 66.0Argentina (Santa Cruz) Bignonites chalianus (140359)
Late/Upper Cretaceous100.5 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Fraxinus leii (34971)
Late/Upper Cretaceous - Early/Lower Paleocene100.5 - 61.7Argentina (Chubut) Cricotriporites minutiporus (195707)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0India (Maharashtra) Gmelinoxylon sp. (11604)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Argentina (Chubut) Cricotriporites minutiporus (31653 199410)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Fraxinus denticulata (35576) Fraxinus leii (34921 34922 34969 34970)
Puercan66.0 - 63.3USA (Wyoming) Eucommia serrata (11340 11366 11368 11401)
Early/Lower Paleocene66.0 - 61.7USA (Montana) Eucommia serrata (53530 53605 53607 53688 53840)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Argentina (Chubut) Cordioxylon prototrichotoma (137303) Cricotriporites sp. (151453 151455 151456 151458 151460 151463)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0USA (New Mexico) Eucommia serrata (43147 43160)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0USA (Alaska) Eucommia sp. (238558)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0USA (Montana) Eucommia serrata (40094 40098 40100 40104 40275 40742 40745 40782 40935 43252 43253 43313 53538 53843 53845 53846 53955 55852 55854 55857) Eucommia serrata, Fraxinus eocenica (40746) Fraxinus eocenica (53535) Palaeophytocrene sp. (40743 53959)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0USA (Wyoming) Eucommia serrata (40535 40885 43301 57967 57987) Eucommia serrata, Fraxinus eocenica (40775 52928) Fraxinus eocenica (40139) Palaeophytocrene indet. (57973)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0USA (North Dakota) Eucommia serrata (40103 58021 58037 58085) Fraxinus eocenica (58083) Palaeophytocrene indet. (58019)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0China (Nei Mongol) Rubiaceae indet. (71074)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0USA (South Dakota) Eucommia serrata (58008 58009 58039)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0China (Xinjiang) Mussaenda altalobaphylla (223851)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0Pakistan (Sindh) Cricotriporites sp. A (237092 237094 237097 237110 237111 237112 237119 237129 237161 237163 237164 237165 237166 237168 237169 237170 237171 237172 237173 237178 237182 237183 237184 237185 237186 237187 237188 237189 237190 237191 237192 237193 237195 237196 237197 237198 237199 237200 237201)