PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Cervus

Mammalia - Cervidae

Taxonomy

Cervus was named by Linnaeus (1758). It is extant.

It was assigned to Pecora by Linnaeus (1758); to Cervina by Gray (1825); to Ruminantia by Leidy (1860); to Ruminantia by Owen (1848), Lydekker (1876); to Cervini by Grubb (2000), Hassanin and Douzery (2003); to Cervinae by Hay (1902), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Pitra et al. (2004), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008), Croitor (2014); and to Cervidae by Ameghino (1902), Wilson (1967), Hamilton (1978), Carroll (1988), Shoshani et al. (1989), Capasso Barbato and Gliozzi (1995), Albright et al. (2019).

Species lacking formal opinion data

C. acoronatus, C. ardei, C. elaphoides, C. elephas, C. greyi, C. ischnoceros, C. matheroni, C. naorai, C. praeonipponicus, C. punjabicus

Synonyms

Przewalskium was named by Flerov (1930). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Cervus by Hassanin et al. (2012).

It was assigned to Cervini by Grubb (2000).
Cervus aguangae was named by Frick (1937).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Kurten and Anderson (1980).
Cervus fortisi was named by Cope (1878).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Kurten and Anderson (1980).
Proboselaphus was named by Matsumoto (1915). Its type is Proboselaphus watasei.

It was synonymized subjectively with Cervus by Yuichiro et al. (2021).
Proboselaphus watasei was named by Matsumoto (1915) [Current specimen number NMJH A-636-1-2-10-1-25 (previous numbers: A-636-1-1-18-9-25, A-636-1- 1-18-9-6, and A-636-1-1-18-9-8)]. It is a 3D body fossil. It is the type species of Proboselaphus.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Yuichiro et al. (2021).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1758	Cervus Linnaeus p. 66
1825	Cervus Gray p. 342
1848	Cervus Owen p. 139
1860	Cervus Leidy p. 109
1876	Cervus Lydekker
1878	Cervus fortisi Cope
1902	Cervus Ameghino
1902	Cervus Hay p. 684
1915	Proboselaphus Matsumoto fig. 1
1915	Proboselaphus watasei Matsumoto
1930	Przewalskium Flerov
1937	Cervus aguangae Frick
1967	Cervus Wilson p. 215
1978	Cervus Hamilton p. 496
1980	Cervus Kurten and Anderson p. 317
1988	Cervus Carroll
1989	Cervus Shoshani et al. p. 436
1995	Cervus Capasso Barbato and Gliozzi p. 251
2000	Cervus Grubb p. 302
2000	Przewalskium Grubb p. 302
2003	Cervus Hassanin and Douzery p. 212
2004	Cervus Pitra et al. p. 881 figs. Table 1
2008	Cervus Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 974 figs. Fig. 5
2014	Cervus Croitor p. 136
2019	Cervus Albright et al. p. 188

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes

Rank	Name	Author
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
—	Artiodactylamorpha
—	Artiodactyla	()
—	Ruminantiamorpha
—	Ruminantia	(Scopoli 1777)
—	Pecora	()
superfamily	Cervoidea
family	Cervidae
subfamily	Cervinae	Goldfuss 1820
tribe	Cervini	Goldfuss 1820
genus	Cervus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Cervus Linnaeus 1758

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Subg. †Cervus (Cervequus) Lesson 1842

Subg. Cervus (Cervus) Linnaeus 1758

Subg. †Cervus (Deperetia) Shikama 1936

†Cervus (Deperetia) kokubuni Shikama 1937

†Cervus (Deperetia) syatinensis Shikama 1937

Subg. †Cervus (Leptocervus) Capasso Barbato 1992

Subg. †Cervus (Sika) Sclater 1870

†Cervus (Sika) sintikuensis Shikama 1937

Cervus albirostris Przewalski 1883

Cervus alfredi Sclater 1870

†Cervus anocerus Kaup 1839

†Cervus aristotelis Lydekker 1886

†Cervus australis de Serres 1838

†Cervus bertholdi Kaup 1839

Cervus bezoarticus Linnaeus 1758 [Pampas deer]

†Cervus brevitrabalis Cope 1889

Invalid names: Alces semipalmatus Cope 1889 [synonym]

Cervus canadensis Erxleben 1777 [elk]

†Cervus cornaliai D'Erasmo 1933

†Cervus costrizensis Holl 1829

†Cervus curtocerus Kaup 1839

†Cervus dicranocerus Kaup 1839

Cervus elaphus Linnaeus 1758 [red deer]

Cervus elaphus merriami Nelson 1902

Cervus elaphus corsicanus Erxleben 1777 [Corsican red deer]

†Cervus fortis Cope 1877

Cervus gouazoubira Fischer 1814

†Cervus latus Ameghino 1889

Cervus lydekkeri Martin 1888

Cervus mariannus Desmarest 1822

†Cervus mediterraneus Holl 1829

†Cervus mongoliae Gaudry 1872

†Cervus nanus Kaup 1839

†Cervus nestii Azzaroli 1947

Cervus nippon Temminck 1838

†Cervus obscurus Azzaroli 1953

†Cervus partschii Kaup 1839

†Cervus percultus Ameghino 1902

†Cervus perolensis Azzaroli 1952

†Cervus ruscinensis Depéret 1890

Cervus schomburgki Blythe 1863

†Cervus sedgwickii Leny 1902

†Cervus simplicidens Lydekker 1876

†Cervus sivalensis Lydekker 1876

Cervus timorensis Blainville 1822

†Cervus trigonocerus Kaup 1839

†Cervus triplidens Lydekker 1876

†Cervus tuberculatus Gervais and Ameghino 1880

Cervus unicolor Kerr 1792 [sambar]

Invalid names: Cervus aguangae Frick 1937 [nomen dubium], Cervus fortisi Cope 1878 [nomen dubium], Proboselaphus Matsumoto 1915 [synonym], Proboselaphus watasei Matsumoto 1915 [nomen dubium], Przewalskium Flerov 1930 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialo

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingf

Diet:

grazerg

Reproduction:

viviparousf

Comments:

based on Walker (1975)g

Created:

2009-01-04 11:01:15

Modified:

2009-01-04 13:01:25

Source: g = genus, f = family, o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Carroll 1988, MacFadden et al. 1999, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1991, Nowak 1999

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Tortonian to the top of the Holocene or 11.63000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 7.246 Ma

Collections (415 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Miocene - Pliocene	23.04 - 2.58	Pakistan (Punjab)	C. sp. (232185)
Neogene	23.04 - 2.58	Taiwan (N/A)	C. sp., C. taevanus, Cerves sp., C. sintikuensis, C. kokubuni, C. syatinensis (208234)
Neogene	23.04 - 2.58	Taiwan (Tainan)	C. sp. (76866 76867)
Neogene	23.04 - 2.58	Italy	C. sp. (96713)
Neogene	23.04 - 2.58	Taiwan (Miao-li)	C. sp. (76858) C. taiouanus (76859)
Neogene	23.04 - 2.58	Taiwan (Taichung)	C. taiouanus (76862)
Neogene	23.04 - 2.58	Taiwan	C. sp. (76857) C. sp., C. taiouanus (76865)
Tortonian	11.63 - 7.246	Moldova	C. sp. (75803)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.63 - 5.333	Moldova (Tighina Departement)	C. sp. (36143)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.63 - 5.333	China (Shanxi)	C. sp. (13477)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	Ukraine	C. furcatus (76296) C. sp. (76302 76304)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	Ukraine (Vinnitsa)	C. sp. (76310)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.58	Ukraine (Odessa)	C. sp. (76502)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.58	Romania	C. sp. (40113)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.58	Russian Federation (Rostovskaya Oblast')	C. elaphus (39409)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.58	Tajikistan	C. sp. (34395)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.58	China (Tianjin)	C. simplicidens (231233)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.58	Spain	C. matheroni (47790)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.58	Turkmenistan	C. sp. (56640)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.58	Georgia	C. sp., Dama nestii (39882)