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| Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Taxonomy
Hemiauchenia was named by Gervais and Ameghino (1880). It is not extant. Its type is Hemiauchenia paradoxa.
It was synonymized subjectively with Palaeolama by Cabrera (1935) and Guérin and Faure (1999).
It was assigned to Camelidae by Gervais and Ameghino (1880), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Carroll (1988), Cisneros (2005); and to Lamini by Honey et al. (1998), Webb and Meachen (2004), Ruez (2005), Meachen (2005), Lynch et al. (2020).
It was synonymized subjectively with Palaeolama by Cabrera (1935) and Guérin and Faure (1999).
It was assigned to Camelidae by Gervais and Ameghino (1880), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Carroll (1988), Cisneros (2005); and to Lamini by Honey et al. (1998), Webb and Meachen (2004), Ruez (2005), Meachen (2005), Lynch et al. (2020).
Species
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1878 | Auchenia vitakeriana Cope p. 380 |
| 1880 | Hemiauchenia Gervais and Ameghino |
| 1884 | Holomeniscus Cope p. 16 |
| 1884 | Holomeniscus vitakeriana Cope p. 17 |
| 1898 | Camelops vitakerianus Wortman |
| 1902 | Camelops vitakerianus Hay p. 679 |
| 1913 | Camelops vitakerianus Hay p. 276 |
| 1928 | Tanupolama Stock p. 31 |
| 1940 | Tanupolama Olson p. 54 |
| 1945 | Tanupolama Simpson p. 150 |
| 1965 | Tanupolama vitakerianus Webb |
| 1965 | Tanupolama Webb p. 44 |
| 1980 | Hemiauchenia Kurten and Anderson p. 306 |
| 1988 | Hemiauchenia Carroll |
| 1998 | Hemiauchenia Honey et al. p. 451 |
| 2004 | Hemiauchenia Webb and Meachen p. 350 |
| 2005 | Hemiauchenia Cisneros p. 250 |
| 2005 | Hemiauchenia Meachen p. 438 |
| 2005 | Hemiauchenia Ruez, Jr. p. 742 |
| 2020 | Hemiauchenia Lynch et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Hemiauchenia Gervais and Ameghino 1880
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†Hemiauchenia blancoensis Meade 1945
†Hemiauchenia edensis Frick 1921
†Hemiauchenia gracilis Meachen 2005
†Hemiauchenia guanajuatensis Dalquest and Mooser 1980
†Hemiauchenia macrocephala Cope 1893
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Invalid names: Camelus americanus Wortman 1898 [synonym], Lama hollomani Hay and Cook 1930 [synonym], Lama stevensi Merriam and Stock 1925 [synonym], Tanupolama seymourensis Hibbard and Dalquest 1962 [synonym]
†Hemiauchenia minima Leidy 1886
†Hemiauchenia paradoxa Gervais and Ameghino 1880
Invalid names: Tanupolama Stock 1928 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| S. D. Webb 1965 (Tanupolama) | Tall, slender, llamalike camelid; larger than extant Lama. Cranium elongate, especially in rostral region; dorsal surface flat; maxillary fossa deep; condyloid fossa narrow; paroccipital process short; posterolateral groove in bulla deep and nar- row; bulla separated from basioccipital as in Lama. Ventral surface of mandible straight. Dental for- mula: I 1/3, C 1/1, P 2/3-1, M 3/3; upper molars with moderate to strong styles; external ribs weaker than in Lama; P 1 and P 3 present or absent; D13 often retained (see Dentition); lower molars with lingual face flatter than in Lama; "llama buttresses" seldoin as ·well.developed as in Lama but stronger than in Camelops or Palaeolama; M8 with third lo~e more strongly connected than in Lama (except in early wear stages) . Limbs much longer than in Lama; metapodials about twice as long as in Lama. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: g = genus, f = family, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1991, MacFadden and Cerling 1996, Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1999 | |||||
Age range: base of the Clarendonian to the top of the Rancholabrean or 12.50000 to 0.01400 Ma
Collections (262 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Miocene | USA (New Mexico) | H. sp. (19352) | |
| Miocene | USA (Nevada) | Pliauchenia sp. (19129) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Nebraska) | H. sp. (18217 18257) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (South Dakota) | H. sp. (18200) | |
| Late/Upper Clarendonian | USA (Florida) | H. minima (18554) | |
| Late/Upper Clarendonian | USA (New Mexico) | H. sp. (19528) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Kansas) | H. sp. (18170) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Nebraska) | H. sp. (18225) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (New Mexico) | H. sp. (19533) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Texas) | H. sp. (18072 18073 18211) Tanupolama sp. (18377) | |
Youngest occurrences |
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| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Wyoming) | Tanupolama sp. (93277) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Mexico (Hidalgo) | H. gracilis (190114 190115 190116) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | H. sp. (71316) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Chile | H. paradoxa (190058) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Florida) | H. macrocephala (154722) H. sp. (74361) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | H. macrocephala (154804) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Florida) | H. macrocephala (20571 20572 20573 20594 20595 20629 20634 79667) Tanupolama sp. (20581) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (California) | H. sp. (20609 20646) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) | H. paradoxa (147598 148419 149093 149143) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (Utah) | H. macrocephala (93326) | |