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Taxonomy
Alces was named by Gray (1821). It is extant.
It was assigned to Cervinae by Hay (1902); to Odocoileinae by Kurten and Anderson (1980); to Cervidae by Gray (1821), Wilson (1967), Carroll (1988), Shoshani et al. (1989); to Alcinae by Boeskorov (2006), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008); to Capreolinae by Croitor (2014); and to Alceini by Grubb (2000), Heckeberg (2020).
It was assigned to Cervinae by Hay (1902); to Odocoileinae by Kurten and Anderson (1980); to Cervidae by Gray (1821), Wilson (1967), Carroll (1988), Shoshani et al. (1989); to Alcinae by Boeskorov (2006), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008); to Capreolinae by Croitor (2014); and to Alceini by Grubb (2000), Heckeberg (2020).
Species
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1821 | Alces Gray |
| 1825 | Alus Gray p. 342 |
| 1902 | Alces Hay p. 685 |
| 1914 | Alces shimeki Hay |
| 1967 | Alces Wilson p. 219 |
| 1980 | Alces Kurten and Anderson p. 316 |
| 1988 | Alces Carroll |
| 1989 | Alces Shoshani et al. p. 436 |
| 2000 | Alces Grubb p. 302 |
| 2006 | Alces Boeskorov p. 3 |
| 2008 | Alces Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 974 figs. Fig. 5 |
| 2014 | Alces Croitor p. 126 |
| 2020 | Alces Heckeberg |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Alces Gray 1821 [moose]
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Alces alces Linnaeus 1758 [moose]
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Invalid names: Alces muswa Richardson 1852 [synonym], Alces runnymedensis Hay 1923 [synonym], Cervus americanus Clinton 1822 [synonym]
†Alces americanus Jardine 1837
Alces machlis Gray 1821 [elk]
Invalid names: Alces shimeki Hay 1914 [nomen dubium], Alus Gray 1825 [nomen nudum]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| G. G. Boeskorov 2006 | Antler beam of average length or short (length always less than circumference). Braincase is rather narrow and higher than in Ceroalces. The facial portion of the skull is long, and the rostrum is strongly elongated. Nasal bones are short; their length is less than that of the dental row. The upper (nasal) processes of the premaxillary bones usually do not reach the nasal bones. The area between the antlers bears a pronounced cone-like prominence. The orbits are almost on a level with the frontal vault. |
Measurements
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| Source: f = family, o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Nowak 1991, Nowak 1999, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Messinian to the top of the Holocene or 7.24600 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 5.333 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 5.333 Ma
Collections (43 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Miocene | Moldova (Tighina Departement) | Alces maeoticus (36143) | |
| Messinian - Early/Lower Pleistocene | Netherlands | Alces sp. (189573) | |
| Pliocene | Russian Federation (Stavropol'skaya) | Alces sp. (76537) | |
| Ruscinian - Villafranchian | Hungary (Barany) | Alces sp. (35354) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Germany (Thüringen) | Alces alces (43020 45065) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Netherlands | Alces sp. (189574) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | France (Auvergne) | Alces carnutorum (42241) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Romania | Alces gallicus (40109) Libralces gallicus (40108) Praealces gallicus (39850) | |
| Pleistocene | France | Alces carnutorum (34459) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (New York) | Alces americanus (222869) | |
| Pleistocene | Germany (Bayern) | Cervus elaphus (48555) | |
| Pleistocene - Holocene | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Alces machlis (152257) | |
| Quaternary | Slovakia | Alces sp. (34583) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Alaska) | Alces sp. (20297) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Hungary | Alces sp. (35045 35047 36706) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz) | Alces sp. (50049 50196) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Russian Federation (Respublika Saha (Jakutija)) | Alces sp. (48581) | |
| Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | Italy (Verona) | Alces alces (43657) | |
| Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | Italy (Trieste) | Alces alces (43702) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Russian Federation (Respublika Saha (Jakutija)) | Alces alces (48587) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Italy (Vicenza) | Alces alces (43689) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial) | USA (Indiana) | Cervus americanus (74142) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Michigan) | Alces alces (63150 200627 200641) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Netherlands | Alces alces (82530) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Virginia) | Alces alces (104697) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Oklahoma) | Alces americanus (216271) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Wyoming) | Alces alces (93277) | |
| Holocene | USA (Maine) | Alces americanus (122450 176524) | |
| Holocene | Russian Federation | Alces alces (171637) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Quebec) | Alces alces (221970 224189) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Alces alces (228921) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Ontario) | Alces alces (221863) | |
| Holocene | Netherlands | Alces alces (55533) |