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Mammut (mastodon)

Mammalia - Proboscidea - Mammutidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1799Mammut Blumenbach
1817Mastodon Cuvier
1825Mastodon Gray p. 342
1830Tetracaulodon Godman
1840Missourium Koch
1841Leviathan Koch
1848Mastodon Owen p. 139
1860Mastodon Leidy p. 108
1860Mastodon Nordmann p. 288
1873Mastodon Leidy p. 330
1880Mastodon Lydekker
1889Mastodon Cope p. 193
1902Mammut Hay p. 707
1916Mastodon Stefani p. 10
1918Mastodon Osborn
1919Mastodon Abel p. 826
1926Mastodon Oliver Schneider p. 150
1926Pliomastodon Osborn
1945Mammut Simpson
1963Mammut (Pliomastodon) Shotwell and Russell
1967Mammut Wilson p. 213
1980Mammut Kurten and Anderson p. 344
1980Mammut Madden p. 58
1980Pliomastodon Madden p. 58
1981Mammut Thurmond and Jones p. 180
1987Mammut Miller p. 171
1987Pliomastodon Tedford et al.
1988Mammut Carroll
1988Pliomastodon Carroll
1989Mammut Shoshani et al. p. 436
1993Mammut Abraczinskas p. 345
1996Mammut Shoshani and Tassy p. 352
1997Mammut McKenna and Bell p. 500
1998Mammut Lambert and Shoshani p. 610
2005Mammut Shoshani and Tassy p. 9 figs. Table 2.1
2018Mammut Eshelman et al. p. 10
2019Mammut Dooley et al. p. 4
2019Mammut Konidaris and Tsoukala

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
RankNameAuthor
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—AfrotheriaStanhope et al. 1998
—Tethytheria
orderProboscidea()
—ElephantimorphaTassy and Shoshani 1997
familyMammutidaeHay 1922
genusMammutBlumenbach 1799

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Mammut Blumenbach 1799 [mastodon]
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†Mammut americanum Kerr 1792 [American mastodon]
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Invalid names: Elephas americanus De Kay 1842 [synonym], Mammut ohioticum Blumenbach 1797 [synonym], Mammut progenium Hay 1914 [synonym], Mastodon giganteum Cuvier 1817 [synonym], Pliomastodon adamsi Hibbard 1944 [synonym], Tapirus mastodontoides Harlan 1825 [synonym], Tetracaulodon mastodontoideum Godman 1830 [synonym]
†Mammut borsoni Hays 1834
†Mammut cosoensis Schultz 1937
†Mammut floridanum Leidy 1886
†Mammut furlongi Shotwell and Russell 1963
†Mammut matthewi Osborn 1921
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Invalid names: Mammut nevadanus [synonym], Pliomastodon sellardsi Simpson 1930 [synonym], Pliomastodon vexillarius Matthew 1930 [synonym]
†Mammut pacificus Dooley et al. 2019
Invalid names: Leviathan Koch 1841 [synonym], Mastodon Cuvier 1817 [synonym], Missourium Koch 1840 [synonym], Pliomastodon Osborn 1926 [synonym], Tetracaulodon Godman 1830 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Body mass estimates
estimateequationreference
 8.02 tons Mammalia femur circumferenceAnderson et al. 1985
 8.25 tons Mammalia humerus circumferenceAnderson et al. 1985
mean: 8.13 tons
Measurements
partNmeanminimummaximummedians.d.
femur circumference3390.0315.0463.6406.474.9
fibula circumference1234.0----
humerus circumference2455.6419.1495.3457.253.9
tibia circumference3352.3279.4440.0355.680.3
ulna circumference3331.1304.8381.0312.541.9

Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingg
Diet: browserg
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Comments: browser based on stable isotopes (MacFadden and Cerling 1996)g
Created: 2005-08-31 15:16:05
Modified: 2009-01-04 12:24:42
Source: g = genus, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Lambert and Shoshani 1998, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979

Age range: base of the Rupelian to the top of the Holocene or 33.90000 to 0.00000 Ma

Collections (613 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Angola (Cabinda) Mastodon sp. (56682)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (North Carolina) Mastodon giganteus (51592)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Louisiana) Mastodon sp. (163790 163791)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Colorado) Serridentinus fricki (18874)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Texas) Gomphotherium productus (18375)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Nevada) Gomphotherium simpsoni (19102)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333Pakistan Mastodon latidens (232183)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (California) Gomphotherium productum (19608)
Neogene23.03 - 2.58Indonesia (Borneo) Mastodon latidens (92952)
Neogene23.03 - 2.58Myanmar Mastodon latidens (215569)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Texas) Mammut americanum (93142)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Indiana) Mammut americanum (74142)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Ohio) Mammut sp. (82996)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Massachusetts) Mammut americanum (108274)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Texas) Mammut americanum (20603)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Utah) Mammut americanum (126595)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0USA (Virginia) Mammut americanum (104701)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0USA (New Mexico) Mastodon americanus (93377)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0USA (Tennessee) Mammut americanum (63429)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Virginia) Mammut americanum (104702)