PBDB Taxon

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Hyracodon

Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Hyracodontidae

Taxonomy

Hyracodon was named by Leidy (1856). It is the type genus of Hyracodontinae.

It was reranked as Rhinoceros (Hyracodon) by Leidy (1857).

It was assigned to Pachydermata by Leidy (1856); to Rhinoceros by Leidy (1857); to Hyracodontinae by Hay (1902), Prothero and Schoch (1989), Prothero (1998); and to Hyracodontidae by Cope (1881), Lambe (1908), Scott (1913), Wood (1960), Radinsky (1966), Ferrusquia-Villafranca (1969), Carroll (1988), Holbrook (1999), Wang et al. (2016).

Species

H. browni, H. leidyanus (syn. H. apertus), H. major, H. medius, H. nebraskensis (syn. H. arcidens mimus, H. doddi, H. arcidens), H. petersoni (syn. H. selenidens, H. ischyrolophus), H. primus, H. priscidens

Synonyms

Mesamynodon was named by Peterson (1931). Its type is Epitriplopus medius.

It was synonymized subjectively with Hyracodon by Rasmussen et al. (1999).

It was assigned to Amynodontidae by Prothero and Schoch (1989).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1856	Hyracodon Leidy p. 91
1857	Rhinoceros (Hyracodon) Leidy p. 89
1881	Hyracodon Cope p. 393
1902	Hyracodon Hay p. 640
1908	Hyracodon Lambe
1913	Hyracodon Scott p. 291
1931	Mesamynodon Peterson
1960	Hyracodon Wood p. 100
1966	Hyracodon Radinsky p. 635
1969	Hyracodon Ferrusquia-Villafranca
1988	Hyracodon Carroll
1989	Mesamynodon Prothero and Schoch p. 534
1989	Hyracodon Prothero and Schoch p. 535
1998	Hyracodon Prothero p. 591
1999	Hyracodon Holbrook p. 346
2016	Hyracodon Wang et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha

Rank	Name	Author
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
—	Panperissodactyla
superorder	Perissodactylamorpha
order	Perissodactyla	()
—	Tapiromorpha	(Haeckel 1873)
—	Ceratomorpha	(Wood 1937)
superfamily	Rhinocerotoidea
family	Hyracodontidae	Cope 1879
genus	Hyracodon

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Hyracodon Leidy 1856

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†Hyracodon browni Russell 1934

†Hyracodon leidyanus Troxell 1921

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Invalid names: Hyracodon apertus Sinclair 1922 [synonym]

†Hyracodon major Scott and Osborn 1887

†Hyracodon medius Peterson 1934

†Hyracodon nebraskensis Leidy 1850

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Invalid names: Hyracodon arcidens Cope 1873 [synonym], Hyracodon arcidens mimus Troxell 1921 [synonym], Hyracodon doddi Tanner and Martin 1976 [synonym]

†Hyracodon petersoni Wood 1926

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Invalid names: Hyracodon ischyrolophus Schlaikjer 1935 [synonym], Hyracodon selenidens Troxell 1921 [synonym]

†Hyracodon primus Peterson 1934

†Hyracodon priscidens Lambe 1905

Invalid names: Mesamynodon Peterson 1931 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingf

Diet:

browserf

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2005-08-31 15:07:17

Modified:

2005-08-31 17:07:17

Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002, Prothero 1998

Age range: base of the Early/Lower Chadronian to the top of the Geringian or 37.20000 to 26.30000 Ma

Collections (107 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Duchesnean	39.7 - 37.0	Canada (Saskatchewan)	H. sp. (16845)
Duchesnean	39.7 - 37.0	USA (Utah)	H. primus (16847) Mesamynodon medius (16861)
Duchesnean	39.7 - 37.0	USA (Texas)	H. primus (16821 16828 16829 16830 16833 16835 16851 16862 16864 16865) H. sp. (16856)
Duchesnean - Chadronian	39.7 - 33.9	USA (Montana)	H. sp. (16840)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	USA (Georgia)	H. sp. (45640)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (Montana)	H. sp. (16927 16935 16990 17010 17041)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (Wyoming)	H. ischyrolophus (17045) H. leidyanus (16922) H. petersoni (16986) H. priscidens (16960 16962 16963 16964) H. sp. (16920 16954 16955 16961 16992) H. sp., H. priscidens (17011)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (South Dakota)	H. priscidens (16885 16938 17006) H. sp. (16969)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (Nebraska)	H. doddi (17033) H. nebraskensis (16917 16918 16929 16930 16940 17014) H. sp. (17034)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (Texas)	H. petersoni (16886 16934)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (New Mexico)	H. sp. (17001)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (Colorado)	H. sp. (16977)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	Mexico (Chihuahua)	H. sp. (17015)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	Canada (Saskatchewan)	H. petersoni (17023) H. priscidens (16893 16919)
Early/Lower Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (Wyoming)	H. priscidens (16906)
Late/Upper Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (Montana)	H. sp. (17027)
Chadronian - Orellan	37.2 - 33.3	USA (Wyoming)	H. sp. (16993)
Orellan	33.9 - 33.3	USA (Montana)	H. sp. (17090 17138)
Orellan	33.9 - 33.3	USA (Wyoming)	H. nebrascensis (17064)
Orellan	33.9 - 33.3	USA (Colorado)	H. arcidens (118198) H. sp. (17081 17082)
Orellan	33.9 - 33.3	USA (Nebraska)	H. nebraskensis (17062 17098 17164 17165 17175)
Orellan	33.9 - 33.3	USA (South Dakota)	H. arcidens (17162) H. nebrascensis (17163 17180 17296) H. nebraskensis (17092 17094 17103 17115 17173 17174) H. sp. (17133 17141 17142 17153 17187 17188 17189 17190 17295)
Whitneyan	33.3 - 30.8	USA (Nebraska)	H. leidyanus (17369) H. nebraskensis (17361 17366)
Whitneyan	33.3 - 30.8	USA (Colorado)	H. sp. (17426)
Whitneyan	33.3 - 30.8	USA (South Dakota)	H. apertus (17362 17379) H. leidyanus (17326) H. leidyanus, H. nebrascensis (17344) H. nebraskensis (17336 17337 17338) H. sp. (17317 17343 17359 17384 17385)
Whitneyan	33.3 - 30.8	USA (North Dakota)	H. sp. (17320)
Geringian	30.8 - 26.3	USA (South Dakota)	H. sp. (17645)
Arikareean	29.5 - 18.5	USA (Nebraska)	H. sp. (17513 17717)