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Hyrachyus
Taxonomy
Hyrachyus was named by Leidy (1871). It is the type genus of Hyrachyidae.
It was assigned to Anchitheridae by Leidy (1873); to Lophiodontinae by Cope (1881); to Lophiodontidae by Scott (1883); to Hyracodontidae by Scott (1913); to Hyrachyinae by Hay (1902), Peterson (1919), Radinsky (1966); to Rhinocerotoidea by Leidy (1871), Prothero and Schoch (1989), Colbert and Schoch (1998); and to Hyrachyidae by Hooker (1996), Holbrook (1999).
It was assigned to Anchitheridae by Leidy (1873); to Lophiodontinae by Cope (1881); to Lophiodontidae by Scott (1883); to Hyracodontidae by Scott (1913); to Hyrachyinae by Hay (1902), Peterson (1919), Radinsky (1966); to Rhinocerotoidea by Leidy (1871), Prothero and Schoch (1989), Colbert and Schoch (1998); and to Hyrachyidae by Hooker (1996), Holbrook (1999).
Species
Chasmotherium depereti, H. crista, H. eximius (syn. H. princeps, H. imperialis, H. hypostylus, Metahyrachyus troxelli), H. lunanensis, H. metalophus, H. minor, H. modestus (syn. H. crassidens, H. agrarius, Colonoceras agrestis, Ephyrachyus cristalophus, H. agrestis, Lophiodon affinis, Lophiodon bairdianus, Metahyrachyus bicornutus), H. nanus, H. neimongoliensis, H. paradoxus, H. tongi
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1871 | Hyrachyus Leidy |
| 1873 | Hyrachyus Leidy p. 327 |
| 1873 | Colonoceras Marsh p. 407 |
| 1881 | Colonoceras Cope p. 381 |
| 1881 | Hyrachyus Cope p. 381 |
| 1883 | Colonoceras Scott p. 53 |
| 1883 | Hyrachyus Scott p. 53 |
| 1902 | Hyrachyus Hay p. 638 |
| 1902 | Colonoceras Hay p. 639 |
| 1913 | Colonoceras Scott p. 291 |
| 1913 | Hyrachyus Scott p. 291 |
| 1919 | Hyrachyus Peterson p. 129 |
| 1922 | Metahyrachyus Troxell |
| 1934 | Ephyrachyus Wood |
| 1966 | Hyrachyus Radinsky p. 635 |
| 1973 | Chasmotherium Sahni and Khare p. 39 |
| 1988 | Chasmotherium Carroll |
| 1989 | Chasmotherium Prothero and Schoch p. 534 |
| 1989 | Hyrachyus Prothero and Schoch p. 534 |
| 1996 | Hyrachyus Hooker p. 164 |
| 1998 | Hyrachyus Colbert and Schoch p. 574 |
| 1999 | Hyrachyus Holbrook p. 346 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Hyrachyus Leidy 1871
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†Hyrachyus crista Qi 1987
†Hyrachyus eximius Leidy 1871
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Invalid names: Hyrachyus hypostylus Wood 1934 [synonym], Hyrachyus imperialis Osborn et al. 1878 [synonym], Hyrachyus princeps Marsh 1872 [synonym], Metahyrachyus troxelli Wood 1934 [synonym]
†Hyrachyus lunanensis Huang and Qi 1982
†Hyrachyus metalophus Chow and Qi 1982
†Hyrachyus minor Huang and Qi 1982
†Hyrachyus modestus Leidy 1870
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Invalid names: Colonoceras agrestis Marsh 1873 [synonym], Ephyrachyus cristalophus Wood 1934 [synonym], Hyrachyus agrarius Leidy 1871 [synonym], Hyrachyus agrestis Leidy 1871 [synonym], Hyrachyus crassidens Osborn et al. 1878 [synonym], Lophiodon affinis Marsh 1871 [synonym], Lophiodon bairdianus Marsh 1871 [synonym], Metahyrachyus bicornutus Troxell 1922 [synonym]
†Hyrachyus nanus Marsh 1871
†Hyrachyus neimongoliensis Qi 1987
†Hyrachyus paradoxus Osborn 1878
†Hyrachyus tongi Huang and Wang 2002
Invalid names: Chasmotherium Rutimeyer [synonym], Colonoceras Marsh 1873 [synonym], Ephyrachyus Wood 1934 [synonym], Metahyrachyus Troxell 1922 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subo = suborder, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Colbert and Schoch 1998, Hendy et al. 2009, Ji et al. 2002, Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979 | |||||
Age range: base of the Wasatchian to the top of the Late/Upper Eocene or 55.80000 to 33.90000 Ma
Collections (165 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ypresian - Lutetian | France (Languedoc-Roussillon Region) | Chasmotherium sp. (31717) | |
| Ypresian - Lutetian | France (Occitanie) | H. stehlini (195457) | |
| Eocene - Oligocene | China (Henan) | H. sp. (42565) | |
| Wasatchian | USA (Wyoming) | H. modestus (15710 15839) H. sp. (16057 16059) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) | Chasmotherium minimum (45749) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | China (Nei Mongol) | H. crista (175354 226243) H. neimongoliensis (174920) | |
| MP 10 | United Kingdom (England) | H. stehlini (41840) | |
| Wasatchian - Bridgerian | USA (Wyoming) | H. modestus (15463) | |
| Bridgerian | USA (Utah) | H. modestus (16396) | |
| Bridgerian | USA (Colorado) | H. modestus (16239 16240 16242) | |
| Bridgerian | USA (Texas) | H. sp. (16195) | |
| Bridgerian | USA (Nevada) | H. affinis, H. modestus (16218) | |
| Bridgerian | USA (California) | H. sp. (16422) | |
| Bridgerian | USA (Wyoming) | H. affinis (16194 16226 16275 16281 16283) H. affinis, H. agrarius, H. modestus, H. nanus (16228) H. affinis, H. eximius (16234) H. affinis, H. modestus (16205 16284) H. affinis, Metahyrachyus troxelli (16193) H. agrarius, H. nanus (106325) H. agrestis (16136) H. eximius (16135 16138 16200 16206 16207 16235 16244 16278 16407 16413 16415 16428 16438 16444 202162) H. eximius, H. modestus (16213 16502 16647) H. modestus (16198 16201 16219 16227 16232 16290 16292 16355 16359 16360 16362 16364 16366 16385 16386 16409 16418 16483 16484 16491 16493 202160 202163) H. princeps (16288 16420) H. sp. (15837 16088 16092 16093 16095 16096 16098 16100 16103 16104 16106 16108 16109 16113 16114 16116 16121 16123 16129 16131 16132 16256 16257 16260 16268 16270 16273 16274 16287 16296 16301 16302 16305 16308 16309 16310 16313 16314 16315 16317 16318 16327 16330 16331 16335 16342 16346 16363 16394 27269 129895) Lophiodon modestus (16414) | |
| Lutetian | Spain (Zamora) | Chasmotherium minimum (41308) | |
| Lutetian | Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) | Chasmotherium minimum (45739 45741 45742 45745 45747 45750 45751) Chasmotherium minimum, H. minimus (13322 44999 45000 45001) H. minimus (45002) | |
| Lutetian | Jamaica | H. sp. (5241) | |
| Lutetian | United Kingdom (England) | H. stehlini (41847) | |
| Lutetian | France (Drome) | Chasmotherium sp. (177494) | |
| Lutetian - Bartonian | Switzerland (Baselland) | H. stehlini (31723) | |
| Middle Eocene | China (Henan) | H. sp. (175802) | |
| Middle Eocene | China (Shanxi) | H. tongi (174907) | |
| Middle Eocene | USA (Wyoming) | H. agrarius (81455) | |
| Middle Eocene | USA (Oregon) | H. sp. (16202) | |
| Middle Eocene | China (Shandong) | H. modestus (175581) H. sp., H. modestus, H. metalophus (175583) | |
| Middle Eocene | China (Yunnan) | H. lunanensis, H. minor (174964) | |
| Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene | Japan (Hyogo) | H. sp. (74903) | |
| Early/Lower Uintan | USA (Texas) | H. modestus (16586) | |
| Uintan | USA (Utah) | H. eximius (16655) | |
| Uintan | USA (Wyoming) | H. eximius (16556 16565 16576 16648) | |
| Bartonian | France (Nord-Pas-de-Calais-Picardie) | Chasmotherium cartieri (177582) | |
| Bartonian | Switzerland (Baselland) | Chasmotherium cartieri (31721 31722) Chasmotherium cartieri, H. minimus (31720) | |
| Bartonian | France (Languedoc-Roussillon Region) | Chasmotherium cartieri, Chasmotherium depereti (31736) Chasmotherium depereti (183350) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) | H. minimus (45003) |