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Pakicetus

Mammalia - Cetacea - Pakicetidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1981Pakicetus Gingerich and Russell
1988Pakicetus Carroll
1990Pakicetus Gingerich and Russell p. 17
1993Pakicetus Benton p. 761
1996Pakicetus Thewissen et al. p. 71 figs. Figure 31
1997Pakicetus McKenna and Bell p. 370
1998Pakicetus Thewissen and Hussain p. 231
2001Pakicetus Thewissen et al. p. 277
2003Pakicetus Geisler and Sanders p. 27
2004Pakicetus van Vliet p. 143
2006Pakicetus Clementz et al. p. 359
2008Pakicetus McLeod and Barnes p. 92
2009Pakicetus Cooper et al. p. 1291
2010Pakicetus Uhen p. 199
2012Pakicetus Gingerich p. 313 figs. Figure 4
2014Pakicetus Gingerich and Cappetta p. 128 figs. Figure 16
2015Pakicetus Gao and Ni p. 156 figs. Table 1
2016Pakicetus Marx et al. p. 98
2017Pakicetus Berta p. 159

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
—Whippomorpha
orderCetacea
familyPakicetidae()
genusPakicetus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Pakicetus Gingerich and Russell 1981
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†Pakicetus attocki West 1980
†Pakicetus calcis Cooper et al. 2009
†Pakicetus chittas Cooper et al. 2009
†Pakicetus inachus Gingerich and Russell 1981
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
L. N. Cooper et al. 2009P4 taller than M1; protocone lobe of P4 prominent; M1 labiolingually narrower than P4; small angle be- tween M2 protocone and labial base of trigon; protocone round- ed, slightly bulbous; M3 trigon base mediolaterally wide, steep anterior and posterior borders; p4 taller than m1-m3, anteropos- teriorly elongated at base. Differs from Nalacetus (H-GSP 18521, 96055) and Ichthyolestes (IPHG 1956 II 7) in: protocone rounded, bulbous. Differs from Nalacetus in: M3 trigon labiolin- gually wider base, more lingually oriented paracone tip.
Measurements
partNmeanminimummaximummedians.d.
P1 height15.40----
P2 height116.5----
P3 height118.0----
M1 height114.8----
M2 height212.812.513.112.80.424
M3 height112.5----
p2 height120.6----
p3 height120.6----
p4 height123.0----
m1 height114.2----
m3 height112.0----
C1 height123.4----
I1 height217.817.218.517.90.919
c1 height226.624.429.026.73.25

Composition: phosphaticsubf
Form: roller-shapedo
Ontogeny: modification of partssubf
Environment: freshwater, terrestrialsubf
Locomotion: actively mobilesubf
Life habit: amphibioussubf
Depth habitat: surfacesubf
Diet: carnivoresubf
Reproduction: viviparoussubf
Created: 2005-09-09 10:02:09
Modified: 2005-09-09 12:02:09
Source: subf = subfamily, o = order
References: Uhen 2004, Thewissen et al. 2001

Age range: base of the Ypresian to the top of the Lutetian or 56.00000 to 41.03000 Ma

Collections (6 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07India (Jammu and Kashmir) Ichthyolestes pinfoldi (45588)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03Pakistan (North-West Frontier) P. inachus (28978)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03Pakistan P. calcis, P. chittas (93595)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03Pakistan (Punjab) Basilosauridae indet. (49002) P. attocki (45529) P. inachus, Protocetus attocki (45586)