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Giraffa (giraffe)

Mammalia - Giraffidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1762Giraffa Brisson p. 12
1784Camelopardalis Schreber
1816Orasius Oken
1825Camelopardalis Gray p. 342
1848Trachelotherium Gistl p. 81
1848Camelopardalis Owen p. 139
1876Camelopardalis Lydekker
1988Giraffa Carroll
1988Orasius Carroll
2003Giraffa Hassanin and Douzery p. 212
2003Giraffa Mitchell and Skinner p. 59
2008Giraffa Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 974 figs. Fig. 5
2010Giraffa Harris et al. p. 806
2010Giraffa Kahn et al. p. 122

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
—Ruminantiamorpha
—Ruminantia(Scopoli 1777)
—Pecora()
superfamilyGiraffomorpha
familyGiraffidae
tribeGiraffini
genusGiraffa

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Giraffa Brisson 1762 [giraffe]
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Giraffa camelopardalis Linnaeus 1758 [giraffe]
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Invalid names: Camelopardalis aethiopica Ogilby 1837 [synonym], Camelopardalis antiquorum Jardine 1835 [synonym], Camelopardalis capensis Lesson 1842 [synonym], Giraffa hagenbecki Knottneurus-Meyer 1910 [synonym], Giraffa infumata Noack 1908 [synonym], Giraffa schillingsi Matschie 1898 [synonym], Giraffa senaariensis Trouessart 1898 [synonym]
Giraffa giraffa Von Schreber 1784 [southern giraffe]
†Giraffa jumae Leakey 1967
†Giraffa pomeli Arambourg 1979
†Giraffa priscilla Pilgrim 1911
†Giraffa punjabiensis Pilgrim 1911
†Giraffa pygmaea Harris 1976
Giraffa reticulata De Wintin 1899 [reticulated giraffe]
†Giraffa sivalensis Falconer and Cautley 1843
†Giraffa stillei Arambourg 1947
Giraffa tippelskirchi Matschie 1898 [Masai giraffe]
Invalid names: Camelopardalis Schreber 1784 [synonym], Orasius Oken 1816 [synonym], Trachelotherium Gistl 1848 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
partNmean

Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: browserg
Reproduction: viviparousf
Comments: diet based by MacFadden et al. (1999) on Walker (1975)g
Created: 2009-01-04 10:50:01
Modified: 2009-01-04 13:04:39
Source: g = genus, f = family, o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1999, Solounias and Moelleken 1993, Nowak 1991

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Tortonian to the top of the Holocene or 11.62000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 11.608 Ma

Collections (185 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Miocene23.03 - 5.333Pakistan Camelopardalis sivalensis (232183)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588South Africa Giraffa gracilis (22224)
Miocene - Pleistocene23.03 - 0.0117South Africa Giraffa gracilis (22230)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608India (Jammu and Kashmir) Giraffa priscilla (11797)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Pakistan (Chakwal) Giraffa priscilla (225195)
Sarmatian12.7 - 11.608Russian Federation Camelopardalis parva (75088)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Georgia Camelopardalis sp. (73901)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Moldova Camelopardalis sp. (75802)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Ukraine Camelopardalis parva, Camelopardalis sp. (75800)
Tortonian - Zanclean11.62 - 3.6Kenya Giraffa sp. (22236)
Tortonian - Zanclean11.62 - 3.6Ethiopia Giraffa sp. (22139)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Turkey (Mugla) Giraffa sp. (13998)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Greece (Chalkidona) Giraffa attica (182746) Giraffa attica, Orasius eximius (182750)
Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene11.608 - 3.6Chad Giraffa jumae (24181)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Kenya Giraffa sp. (22274 22275 22316)
Messinian - Zanclean7.246 - 3.6Tanzania Giraffa sp. (22063)
Messinian - Piacenzian7.246 - 2.588South Africa (Cape) Giraffa sp., Giraffa gracillis (59167)
Messinian - Piacenzian7.246 - 2.588Kenya (Turkana District) Giraffa sp. (21332)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Senegal Giraffa sp. (221108)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Kenya Giraffa jumae, Giraffa stillei (22234) Giraffa pygmaea (21510)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Kenya (Turkana District) Giraffa sp. (21336)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6South Africa Giraffa sp. (22221 22222)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Ethiopia Giraffa jumae, Giraffa stillei (22160)
Ruscinian5.333 - 3.2Turkey (Ankara) Giraffa jumae (34370)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Tanzania Giraffa sp. (22477 22480)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Kenya Giraffa stillei (22321)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Tanzania (Eastern Drift Valley) Giraffa jumae, Giraffa stillei (32050)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588China (Tianjin) Camelopardalis sivalensis (231233)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Ethiopia (Afar) Giraffa sp. (70907)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Malawi Giraffa jumae, Giraffa stillei, Giraffa pygmaea (22559) Giraffa sp. (22271)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Georgia (Karthli) Giraffa sp. (40393)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Malawi (Northern) Giraffa sp. (226065)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Uganda Giraffa stillei (22261)
Zanclean - Piacenzian5.333 - 2.588Kenya Giraffa stillei (22235 22239)
Zanclean - Piacenzian5.333 - 2.588Tanzania Giraffa jumae, Giraffa stillei (21830)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117Malawi Giraffa camelopardalis, Giraffa stillei, Giraffa pygmaea (22323)
Zanclean - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117Ethiopia Giraffa pygmaea (22197)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588South Africa (Langebaanweg) Giraffa gracilis (21713)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588South Africa Giraffa camelopardalis (22340)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Kenya Giraffa pygmaea (21431) Giraffa sp. (21407 21530) Giraffa sp., Giraffa jumae (21425 21536) Giraffa sp., Giraffa jumae, Giraffa stillei, Giraffa pygmaea (21485) Giraffa sp., Giraffa stillei, Giraffa pygmaea (21484) Giraffa stillei (21459)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Chad Giraffa gracilis (22506)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Ethiopia Giraffa jumae, Giraffa stillei (21783 21785)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Tanzania Giraffa jumae (21789) Giraffa jumae, Giraffa stillei (21787 21788 21793 21794 21795 21796 21798 21799 21800 21801 21802 21806 21807 21809 21810 21811 21812 21813 21831 21832) Giraffa stillei (21790 21792 21808)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Ethiopia (Afar) Giraffa sp. (224654)
Piacenzian - Gelasian3.6 - 1.806Kenya (Rift Valley) Giraffa sp. (21344)
Piacenzian - Gelasian3.6 - 1.806Ethiopia (Afar) Giraffa sp. (224657)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Kenya Giraffa jumae (21460) Giraffa pygmaea (21376) Giraffa sp. (21478) Giraffa sp., Giraffa pygmaea (21461 21471 21474 21504) Giraffa sp., Giraffa stillei (21398) Giraffa sp., Giraffa stillei, Giraffa pygmaea (21457) Giraffa stillei (21503) Giraffa stillei, Giraffa pygmaea (21410)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Tanzania Giraffa jumae, Giraffa stillei (21804 21805 21814) Giraffa sp. (22594 22595)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Kenya (Rift Valley) Giraffa sp. (21280 21282 21283 21301 21353 21354)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Ethiopia (Afar) Giraffa sp., Giraffa pygmaea (224655)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Turkey Giraffa sp. (39314)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Algeria (Northern Algeria) Giraffa pomeli (197944)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.588 - 0.774Ethiopia (Ethiopian Rift) Giraffa sp. (22493) Giraffa sp., Giraffa jumae (22491 22492 22494)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.588 - 0.774Kenya Giraffa pygmaea (21464) Giraffa sp. (21444 22349 22350) Giraffa sp., Giraffa jumae (21458 32051) Giraffa sp., Giraffa jumae, Giraffa stillei, Giraffa pygmaea (21367 21370 21396) Giraffa sp., Giraffa pygmaea (21498 21521) Giraffa sp., Giraffa stillei (21445 21448 21495 21515) Giraffa sp., Giraffa stillei, Giraffa pygmaea (21402 21462) Giraffa stillei (21378 21454 21496 21502 21532) Giraffa stillei, Giraffa pygmaea (21472)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Kenya Giraffa gracilis (21837) Giraffa sp. (38039) Giraffa sp., Giraffa camelopardalis (21963)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117South Africa Giraffa camelopardalis (21956)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Japan Giraffa nipponica (51304)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Tanzania (Lake Natron Basin) Giraffa pygmaea (22552 22577)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Kenya Giraffa sp. (32057) Giraffa sp., Giraffa jumae (32058) Giraffa sp., Giraffa jumae, Giraffa pygmaea (21514) Giraffa sp., Giraffa jumae, Giraffa stillei, Giraffa pygmaea (21403)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Kenya (Rift Valley) Giraffa sp. (21294 21343 21347 21348)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774South Africa Giraffa camelopardalis (21923)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Tanzania Giraffa jumae (21971 21972 22041 22064 22617) Giraffa jumae, Giraffa stillei (21970) Giraffa sp. (22625 22626)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Algeria Giraffa pomeli (22584)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Syria Giraffa camelopardalis (34105)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Ethiopia Giraffa jumae (22138 22156) Giraffa sp. (22134 22177)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Tanzania Giraffa camelopardalis (21893)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Kenya Giraffa sp., Giraffa camelopardalis (21276 21277)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117South Africa (Namaqualand) Giraffa sp. (51187)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Kenya (Athi-Kapiti) Giraffa camelopardalis (32119)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Kenya Giraffa camelopardalis (21934 21935 21936 21938)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Tanzania Giraffa camelopardalis (21690)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Sudan Giraffa camelopardalis (21871 21902 21903 21904 21958 208786 208787)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0South Africa Giraffa camelopardalis (21896)