Basic info Taxonomic history Classification Included Taxa
Morphology Ecology and taphonomy External Literature Search Age range and collections

Traguloidea

Mammalia

Taxonomy
Traguloidea was named as an infraorder.

It was reranked as the superfamily Traguloidea by Hay (1902), Vislobokova (2001).

It was assigned to Artiodactyla by Hay (1902); to Ruminantia by Carroll (1988); and to Tragulina by Vislobokova (2001).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1902Traguloidea Hay p. 681
1988Traguloidea Carroll
2001Traguloidea Vislobokova p. S133

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
—Ruminantiamorpha
—Ruminantia(Scopoli 1777)
infraorderTragulina
superfamilyTraguloidea
superfamilyTraguloidea

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superfm. †Traguloidea
show all | hide all
Fm. †Archaeomerycidae Simpson 1945
+
G. †Archaeomeryx Matthew and Granger 1925
+
†Archaeomeryx optatus Matthew and Granger 1925
G. †Irrawadymeryx Métais et al. 2007
+
†Irrawadymeryx pondaungi Métais et al. 2007
G. †Miomeryx Matthew and Granger 1925
+
†Miomeryx altaicus Matthew and Granger 1925
G. †Notomeryx Qiu 1978
+
†Notomeryx besensis Qiu 1978
+
Invalid names: Indomeryx youjiangensis Qiu 1978 [synonym]
†Notomeryx major Guo et al. 1999
G. †Paukkaungmeryx Ducrocq et al. 2020
+
†Paukkaungmeryx minutus Ducrocq et al. 2020
G. †Xinjiangmeryx Zheng 1978
+
†Xinjiangmeryx parvus Zheng 1978
Fm. †Gelocidae Schlosser 1886
+
G. †Bachitherium Filhol 1882
+
†Bachitherium curtum Filhol 1877
†Bachitherium insigne Filhol 1882
†Bachitherium lavocati Sudre 1986
†Bachitherium thraciensis Mennecart et al. 2018
†Bachitherium vireti Sudre 1986
G. †Gelocus Aymard 1855
+
†Gelocus communis Aymard 1846
†Gelocus gajense Pilgrim 1912
†Gelocus indicus Cooper 1915
†Gelocus laubei Schlosser 1901
†Gelocus minor Pavlov 1900
†Gelocus villebramarensis Brunet and Jehenne 1976
†Gelocus whitworthi Hamilton 1973
Invalid names: Rutitherium Filhol 1876 [synonym]
G. †Gobiomeryx Trofimov 1957
+
†Gobiomeryx dubius Trofimov 1957
G. †Paragelocus Schlosser 1902
+
†Paragelocus laubei Schlosser 1901
†Paragelocus scotti Schlosser 1902
G. †Phaneromeryx Schlosser 1886
+
†Phaneromeryx geliensis Gervais 1848
Subfm. †Pseudoceratinae Frick 1937
+
G. †Floridameryx Webb 2008
+
†Floridameryx klausi Frick 1937
G. †Pseudoceras Frick 1937
+
†Pseudoceras skinneri Frick 1937
+
Invalid names: Pseudoceras potteri Frick 1937 [synonym], Pseudoceras wilsoni Frick 1937 [synonym]
G. †Pseudogelocus Schlosser 1902
+
†Pseudogelocus mongolicus Vislobokova and Daxner-Höck 2002
†Pseudogelocus suevicus Schlosser 1902
G. †Pseudomeryx Trofimov 1957
+
†Pseudomeryx gobiensis Trofimov 1957
Invalid names: Bachitheriidae Janis 1987 [synonym]
Fm. †Lophiomerycidae Janis 1987
+
G. †Indomeryx Pilgrim 1928
+
†Indomeryx arenae Pilgrim 1928
+
Invalid names: Indomeryx minus Métais et al. 2000 [synonym]
†Indomeryx cotteri Pilgrim 1928
+
Invalid names: Indomeryx pilgrimi Métais et al. 2000 [synonym]
G. †Lophiomeryx Pomel 1853
+
†Lophiomeryx angarae Matthew and Granger 1925
†Lophiomeryx benarensis Gabunia 1964
†Lophiomeryx chalaniati Pomel 1853
†Lophiomeryx gracilis Miao 1982
†Lophiomeryx kargilensis Nanda and Sahni 1990
†Lophiomeryx minor Lydekker 1885
†Lophiomeryx mouchelini Brunet and Sudre 1987
†Lophiomeryx turgaicus Flerov 1938
G. †Nalameryx Métais et al. 2009
+
†Nalameryx savagei Nanda and Sahni 1990
†Nalameryx sulaimani Métais et al. 2009
G. †Zhailimeryx Guo et al. 2000
+
†Zhailimeryx jingweni Guo et al. 2000
Fm. Tragulidae Milnes-Edwards 1864 [chevrotain]
+
G. †Afrotragulus Sánchez et al. 2010
+
†Afrotragulus moruorotensis Pickford 2001
†Afrotragulus parvus Whitworth 1958
G. †Archaeotragulus Metais et al. 2001
+
†Archaeotragulus krabiensis Metais et al. 2001
G. †Cryptomeryx Schlosser 1886
+
†Cryptomeryx decedens Stehlin 1910
†Cryptomeryx gaudryi Filhol 1877
†Cryptomeryx major Schlosser 1886
†Cryptomeryx matsoui Sudre 1984
G. †Dorcabune Pilgrim 1910
+
G. †Dorcatherium Kaup 1839
+
†Dorcatherium bulgaricus Bakalov and Nikilov 1962
†Dorcatherium chappuisi Arambourg 1933
†Dorcatherium crassum Lartet 1851
†Dorcatherium guntianum von Meyer 1846
†Dorcatherium iririensis Pickford 2002
†Dorcatherium jourdani Deperet 1887
†Dorcatherium libiensis Hamilton 1973
†Dorcatherium majus Lydekker 1876
+
Invalid names: Merycopotamus nanus Falconer 1868 [objective synonym]
†Dorcatherium minus Lydekker 1876
†Dorcatherium naui Kaup 1833
†Dorcatherium orientale Qui and Gu 1991
†Dorcatherium peneckei Hoffmann 1892
†Dorcatherium pigotti Whitworth 1958
†Dorcatherium puyhauberti Arambourg and Piveteau 1929
†Dorcatherium rodgeri Hofman 1909
†Dorcatherium vindobonense von Meyer 1846
G. Hyemoschus Gray 1845
+
Hyemoschus aquaticus Ogilby 1841 [water chevrotain]
†Hyomoschus crassus Lartet 1837
Invalid names: Hyemoschus aquaticus Ogilby 1841 [valid], Hyomoschus crassus Lartet 1837 [valid]
G. Hyemoschus Gray 1845
+
Hyemoschus aquaticus Ogilby 1841 [water chevrotain]
†Hyomoschus crassus Lartet 1837
Invalid names: Hyemoschus aquaticus Ogilby 1841 [valid], Hyomoschus crassus Lartet 1837 [valid]
G. †Iberomeryx Gabunia 1964
+
†Iberomeryx minor Filhol 1882
+
Invalid names: Iberomeryx matsoui Heissig 1987 [synonym], Iberomeryx minus Sudre and Blondel 1996 [synonym]
†Iberomeryx parvus Gabunia 1964
G. †Krabimeryx Metais et al. 2001
+
†Krabimeryx primitivus Metais et al. 2001
+
Moschiola meminna Erxleben 1777
G. †Siamotragulus Thomas et al. 1990
+
†Siamotragulus bugtiensis Ginsburg 2001
†Siamotragulus haripounchai Mein and Ginsburg 1997
†Siamotragulus sanyathanai Thomas et al. 1990
†Siamotragulus songhorensis Whitworth 1958
G. †Stenomeryx Ducrocq et al. 2020
+
†Stenomeryx bahinensis Ducrocq et al. 2020
G. Tragulus Brisson 1762 [mouse deer]
+
Tragulus javanicus Osbeck 1765 [Java mouse-deer]
+
Invalid names: Tragulus fuscatus Blyth 1858 [synonym]
Tragulus kanchil Raffles 1822 [lesser mouse-deer]
Tragulus meminna Erxleben 1777
+
Invalid names: Meminna indica Gray 1843 [synonym]
Tragulus napu Cuvier 1822 [greater mouse-deer]
Tragulus nigricans Thomas 1892 [Philippine mouse-deer]
Tragulus pelandoc Hamilton Smith 1827
+
Invalid names: Moschus javanicus Gmelin 1788 [replaced]
†Tragulus sivalensis Lydekker 1882
Invalid names: Meminna Gray 1836 [synonym], Tragulus malaccensis Gray 1843 [nomen nudum], Tragulus mimenoides Hodgson 1844 [nomen nudum]
G. †Yunnanotherium Han 1986
+
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
I. A. Vislobokova 2001Orbits closed posteriorly or open. Jugular foramen confluent with posterior lacerate foramen. Alisphenoid canal absent. Pterygoid canal absent or present. Mastoid exposure on lateral or occip- ital surfaces. Supraorbital sulci weakly convergent anteriorly or parallel. Facial part of lacrimal without high frontal process. Posterior border of palatine with weak medial concavity opposite or behind M3. Upper canines medium-sized or large. Lower canines incisiform. Premolars elongated or not shortened. Radius and ulna separate. Malleolar bone usually developed. Magnum and trapezoid fused. Metapodials mand IV separate or fused.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: grazero
Diet 2: browsero
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-08-26 14:03:05
Modified: 2005-09-19 12:23:23
Source: o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1999, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Bartonian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 41.30000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 38.0 Ma

Collections (305 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Sharamurunian56.0 - 37.71China (Shanxi) Zhailimeryx jingweni (41116)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71China (Nei Mongol) Archaeomeryx optatus (174962) Archaeomeryx sp. (28786)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71China (Jiangsu) Archaeomeryx sp. (37493)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0Myanmar Indomeryx arenae (41110) Indomeryx cotteri (41179 41287 41307 180397 180398) Indomeryx cotteri, Indomeryx pilgrimi (41456) Indomeryx cotteri, Indomeryx pilgrimi, Indomeryx minus (41331) Indomeryx sp. (41283) Irrawadymeryx pondaungi (41180) Paukkaungmeryx minutus, Stenomeryx bahinensis (41393)
Bartonian - Priabonian41.3 - 33.9Bulgaria Bachitherium thraciensis (192671)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Japan (Fukushima) Notomeryx sp. (180395)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Germany (Baden-Wurttemberg) Paragelocus suevicus (31744)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Switzerland Gelocus minor (31743)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9China (Nei Mongol) Lophiomeryx sp. (77908)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9Serbia and Montenegro (Pčinja) Bachitherium thraciensis (197696)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9China (Yunnan) Miomeryx sp. (182580)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9Thailand Archaeotragulus krabiensis, Krabimeryx primitivus (13127 49078) Krabimeryx primitivus (49083)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9Mongolia Lophiomeryx angarae, Miomeryx altaicus (73781)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9China (Guangxi) Gobiomeryx sp., Indomeryx cotteri, Notomeryx besensis (176324) Indomeryx cotteri (176325 176374) Indomeryx cotteri, Notomeryx besensis, Indomeryx youjiangensis, Indomeryx sp. (176326) Indomeryx cotteri, Notomeryx major (176372) Indomeryx sp. (175822) Indomeryx youjiangensis (176375) Notomeryx besensis (176373 176376 176378 176379) Notomeryx major (176377)
Late/Upper Eocene - Early/Lower Oligocene37.2 - 28.4Turkey (Ardahan) Bachitherium sp., Iberomeryx sp., Iberomeryx parvus (79072)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Pakistan (Balochistan) Nalameryx savagei, Nalameryx sulaimani, Lophiomeryx kargilensis (78520)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4France (Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées) Lophiomeryx gaudryi (183975)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region) Gelocus communis (31583)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Mongolia Lophiomeryx sp. (77772) Pseudomeryx sp. (75601)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4France Bachitherium curtum (69805)