PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Tylopoda

Mammalia

Taxonomy

Tylopoda was named by Illiger (1811). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Matthew (1908).

It was reranked as the suborder Tylopoda by Scott (1940), Hooker (1986), Prothero (1986), Carroll (1988), Ursing et al. (2000), Webb and Meachen (2004), Whistler and Webb (2005), Cuesta Ruíz-Colmenares et al. (2006); it was reranked as the unranked clade Tylopoda by Flower and Lydekker (1891), Matthew (1908), Hooker (2007), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008), Asher and Helgen (2010).

It was assigned to Ruminantia by Matthew (1908); to Ruminantia by Scott (1940); to Neoselenodontia by Whistler and Webb (2005); to Artiodactyla by Flower (1883), Hooker (1986), Prothero (1986), Carroll (1988), Webb and Meachen (2004), Cuesta Ruíz-Colmenares et al. (2006); to Artiodactyla by Flower and Lydekker (1891), Hooker (2007); to Cetartiodactyla by Ursing et al. (2000), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008); and to Artiodactyla by Asher and Helgen (2010).

Subtaxa

Amphimerycidae, Anoplotherioidea, Caenotheriidae, Camelidae (syn. Protolabididae, Eschatiidae), Cameloidea, Merycoidodontidae (syn. Oreodontidae), Oreodontoidea, Oromerycidae, Xiphodontoidea

Sister taxa

Amphimerycidae, Caenotheriidae, Camelidae (syn. Protolabididae, Eschatiidae), Merycoidodontidae (syn. Oreodontidae), Oromerycidae

Synonyms

Camelidamorpha was named by Spaulding et al. (2009). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Tylopoda by Alroy (2011).

It was assigned to Artiodactyla by Spaulding et al. (2009).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1811	Tylopoda Illiger p. 102
1883	Tylopoda Flower p. 184
1891	Tylopoda Flower and Lydekker p. 90
1908	Tylopoda Matthew p. 561
1940	Tylopoda Scott p. 506
1986	Tylopoda Hooker p. 412
1986	Tylopoda Prothero p. 458
1988	Tylopoda Carroll
2000	Tylopoda Ursing et al.
2004	Tylopoda Webb and Meachen p. 350
2005	Tylopoda Whistler and Webb p. 5
2006	Tylopoda Cuesta Ruíz-Colmenares et al.
2007	Tylopoda Hooker p. 613
2008	Tylopoda Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 974 figs. Fig. 2
2009	Camelidamorpha Spaulding et al. p. 3 figs. Table 1
2010	Tylopoda Asher and Helgen p. 3 figs. Figure 1

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()

Rank	Name	Author
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
—	Artiodactylamorpha
—	Artiodactyla	()
suborder	Tylopoda	()
suborder	Tylopoda	()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subor. Tylopoda Illiger 1811

show all | hide all

Fm. †Amphimerycidae Stehlin 1910

hide

G. †Amphimeryx Pictet 1853

†Amphimeryx murinus Cuvier 1822

†Amphimeryx riparius Aymard 1855

G. †Pseudamphimeryx Stehlin 1919

†Pseudamphimeryx hantonensis Forster-Cooper 1928

†Pseudamphimeryx pavloviae Stehlin 1910

†Pseudamphimeryx renevieri Pictet and Humbert 1869

†Pseudamphimeryx salesmei Sudre 1978

†Pseudamphimeryx schlosseri Rutimeyer 1891

†Pseudamphimeryx valdensis Stehlin 1910

Superfm. †Anoplotherioidea Bonaparte 1850

hide

Fm. †Anoplotheriidae Gray 1821

Subfm. †Anoplotheriinae Gray 1821

G. †Anoplotherium Cuvier 1804

†Anoplotherium commune Cuvier 1804

†Anoplotherium latipes Gervais 1852

†Anoplotherium laurillardi Pomel 1851

†Anoplotherium pompeckji Dietrich 1922

†Anoplotherium sivalense Cautley and Falconer 1840

Invalid names: Anoplotherium platypus Pomel 1851 [nomen dubium], Eurytherium Gervais 1852 [synonym], Hoplotherium Meyer 1841 [synonym], Oplotherium Laizer and Parieu 1838 [synonym], Pleregnathus Laizer and Parieu 1838 [synonym], Thylacomorphus Gervais 1876 [nomen oblitum]

G. †Dideilotherium Ameghino 1889

†Dideilotherium venerandum Ameghino 1889

Invalid names: Deilotherium Filhol 1882 [replaced]

G. †Diplobune Rutimeyer 1862

†Diplobune bavarica Fraas 1870

†Diplobune minor Filhol 1877

†Diplobune quercyi Filhol 1877

†Diplobune secundaria Cuvier 1822

Invalid names: Hyracodon Filhol 1876 [synonym], Hyracodontherium Filhol 1877 [synonym], Hyrocodon Filhol 1873 [synonym]

G. †Duerotherium Cuesta and Badiola 2009

†Duerotherium sudrei Cuesta and Badiola 2009

G. †Ephelcomenus Hurzeler 1938

†Ephelcomenus filholi Lydekker 1889

G. †Robiatherium Sudre 1988

†Robiatherium cournovense Dudre 1969

Subfm. †Dacrytheriinae Deperet 1917

G. †Catodontherium Deperet 1908

†Catodontherium argentonicum Stehlin 1910

†Catodontherium buxgovianum Erfurt and Metais 2007

†Catodontherium fallax Stehlin 1910

†Catodontherium paquieri Stehlin 1910

†Catodontherium robiacnse Deperet 1906

Invalid names: Catodus Deperet 1905 [replaced]

G. †Dacrytherium Filhol

†Dacrytherium cayluxi Filhol 1876

†Dacrytherium elegans Filhol 1884

†Dacrytherium ovinum Owen 1857

†Dacrytherium priscum Stehlin 1910

†Dacrytherium sturnini Stehlin 1910

Invalid names: Anoplotheriina Bonaparte 1850 [empty], Robiaciinae Sudre 1977 [empty]

Fm. †Xiphodontidae Flower 1883

G. †Dichodon Owen

†Dichodon cartieri Rutimeyer 1891

†Dichodon cervinus Owen 1848

†Dichodon cuspidatus Owen 1847

†Dichodon frohnstettense von Meyer 1852

†Dichodon frohnstettensis Meyer 1852

†Dichodon simplex Kowalevsky 1874

G. †Haplomeryx Schlosser 1886

†Haplomeryx egerkingensis Stehlin 1910

†Haplomeryx euzetensis Depéret 1917

†Haplomeryx obliquus Cuvier 1822

†Haplomeryx picteti Stehlin 1910

†Haplomeryx zitteli Schlosser 1886

G. †Leptotheridium Stehlin 1910

†Leptotheridium lugeoni Stehlin 1910

†Leptotheridium traguloides Stehlin 1910

G. †Paraxiphodon Sudre 1978

†Paraxiphodon cournovensis Sudre 1978

†Paraxiphodon teulonensis Sudre 1978

G. †Xiphodon Cuvier 1822

†Xiphodon castrensis Kowalevsky 1873

†Xiphodon gracile Cuvier 1822

†Xiphodon intermedium Stehlin 1910

Fm. †Oromerycidae Gazin 1955

hide

G. †Camelodon Granger 1910

†Camelodon arapahovius Granger 1910

G. †Eotylopus Matthew 1910

†Eotylopus reedi Matthew 1910

G. †Malaquiferus Gazin 1955

†Malaquiferus tourteloti Gazin 1955

G. †Merycobunodon Golz 1976

†Merycobunodon littoralis Golz 1976

†Merycobunodon walshi Murphey and Kelly 2017

G. †Montanatylopus Prothero 1986

†Montanatylopus matthewi Prothero 1986

G. †Oromeryx Marsh 1894

†Oromeryx plicatus Marsh 1894

G. †Protylopus Wortman 1898

†Protylopus annectens Peterson 1919

†Protylopus pearsonensis Golz 1976

†Protylopus petersoni Wortman 1898

Invalid names: Protylopus minor Prothero 1998 [synonym], Protylopus parvus Prothero 1998 [synonym]

†Protylopus robustus Golz 1976

†Protylopus stocki Golz 1976

Invalid names: Camelidamorpha Spaulding et al. 2009 [synonym], Cameloidea [empty], Oreodontoidea Gill 1872 [empty], Xiphodontoidea Flower 1883 [empty]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Maximum body mass:

30 kgg

Minimum body mass:

300 gs

Environment:

terrestrialo

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingo

Diet:

grazero

Diet 2:

browsero

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2005-08-26 14:03:05

Modified:

2005-09-19 12:23:23

Source: s = species, g = genus, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Nowak 1999, Hendy et al. 2009, Lillegraven 1979, Carroll 1988, Legendre 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Uintan to the top of the Holocene or 46.20000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 41.3 Ma

Collections (2264 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
MP 14	48.6 - 40.4	France (Nouvelle-Aquitaine)	Pseudamphimeryx schlosseri (184174)
MP 15 - MP 16	48.6 - 37.2	Spain (Salamanca)	Leptotheridium sp. (40892)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	France	Leptotheridium traguloides (184468)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	France (Alsace Region)	Catodontherium sp., Catodontherium argentonicum, Catodontherium fallax, Dacrytherium elegans (31609)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	France (Centre Region)	Catodontherium argentonicum (31582)
Lutetian - Bartonian	47.8 - 38.0	Switzerland (Baselland)	Dichodon ruetimeyeri, Dichodon simplex, Catodontherium buxgovianum, Dacrytherium priscum, Dacrytherium elegans, Pseudamphimeryx schlosseri (31723)
Early/Lower Uintan	46.2 - 39.7	USA (Wyoming)	Oromerycidae indet. (93087)
Early/Lower Uintan	46.2 - 39.7	USA (California)	Merycobunodon littoralis (16665 16676) Merycobunodon sp. (16684) Oromerycidae indet. (16666 16710 16757) Protylopus petersoni (16695) Protylopus sp. (16692 16762)
Early/Lower Uintan	46.2 - 39.7	USA (Colorado)	Oromeryx sp. (16623)
Late/Upper Uintan	46.2 - 39.7	USA (California)	Protylopus sp. (16780) Protylopus sp., Protylopus sp. (16585)
Late/Upper Uintan	46.2 - 39.7	USA (Texas)	Protylopus sp., Malaquiferus sp. (16614)
Late/Upper Uintan	46.2 - 39.7	Canada (Saskatchewan)	Oromerycidae indet. (16626 16627)
Uintan	46.2 - 39.7	USA (Utah)	Oromeryx plicatus (16606) Poebrodon kayi, Protylopus annectens, Oromeryx sp. (16607) Protylopus petersoni (16589 16654) Protylopus petersoni, Oromeryx plicatus (16646)
Uintan	46.2 - 39.7	USA (Wyoming)	Camelodon arapahovius (16523) Malaquiferus tourteloti (16513 16517 16518 16552) Poebrodon sp., Protylopus petersoni (16648)
Uintan	46.2 - 39.7	USA (California)	Poebrodon californicus, Protylopus robustus, Protylopus stocki, Protylopus petersoni (16590) Protylopus robustus (16603 16792 16793) Protylopus robustus, Protylopus stocki (16790) Protylopus robustus, Protylopus stocki, Protylopus petersoni (16791) Protylopus sp. (16615) Protylopus stocki (16547) Protylopus stocki, Protylopus petersoni (16591)
Uintan	46.2 - 39.7	USA (Texas)	Oromerycidae indet. (16624)
Uintan - Duchesnean	46.2 - 37.0	USA (California)	Protylopus pearsonensis (16801) Protylopus petersoni (16533)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	United Kingdom (England)	Dichodon sp., Dichodon cervinus, Dacrytherium sp. (39014)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	Spain (Aragon)	Pseudamphimeryx sp. (31633)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	France (Nord-Pas-de-Calais-Picardie)	Leptotheridium sp. (177581)