PBDB Taxon

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Amphicyonidae (bear-dog)

Mammalia - Carnivora - Amphicyonidae

Taxonomy

Amphicyonidae was named by Haeckel (1886) [also attributed to Trouessart 1885]. It is not extant.

It was assigned to Arctoidea by Hunt (2001), Hunt (2002), Hunt (2002); to Arctoidea by Carroll (1988), Hunt (1998), Wang et al. (2005); to Carnivora by Sach and Heizmann (2001), Morales et al. (2007), Werdelin and Peigne (2010); to Arctoidea by Zhai et al. (2003), Hunt (2011), Hunt and Stepleton (2015); and to Caniformia by Morlo et al. (2007), Tomiya (2011), Tomiya and Tseng (2016).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1886	Amphicyonidae Haeckel
1988	Amphicyonidae Carroll
1998	Amphicyonidae Hunt, Jr. p. 200
2001	Amphicyonidae Hunt, Jr. p. 3
2001	Amphicyonidae Sach and Heizmann p. 28
2002	Amphicyonidae Hunt, Jr. p. 9
2003	Amphicyonidae Zhai et al. p. 294
2005	Amphicyonidae Wang et al. p. 7
2007	Amphicyonidae Morales et al. p. 75
2007	Amphicyonidae Morlo et al. p. 149
2010	Amphicyonidae Werdelin and Peigne p. 603
2011	Amphicyonidae Hunt, Jr. p. 21
2011	Amphicyonidae Tomiya p. 19
2015	Amphicyonidae Hunt, Jr. and Stepleton pp. e891229-4
2016	Amphicyonidae Tomiya and Tseng p. 5

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()

Rank	Name	Author
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Ferae	()
—	Carnivoramorpha	Wyss and Flynn 1993
—	Carnivoraformes	Flynn et al.
order	Carnivora
suborder	Caniformia	Kretzoi 1943
family	Amphicyonidae	Haeckel 1886
family	Amphicyonidae	Haeckel 1886

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Amphicyonidae Haeckel 1886 [bear-dog]

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G. †Amphicyanis Springhorn 1977

Subfm. †Amphicyoninae Trouessart 1885

G. †Afrocyon Arambourg 1961

†Afrocyon burolleti Arambourg 1961

†Afrocyon macrodon Savage 1965

G. †Amphicyon Lartet 1836

Subg. †Amphicyon (Euroamphicyon) Ginsburg 1999

†Amphicyon ambiguus Filhol 1877

†Amphicyon argentinus Ameghino 1904

†Amphicyon frendens Matthew 1924

†Amphicyon galushai Hunt, Jr. 2003

†Amphicyon giganteus Schinz 1825

†Amphicyon gracilis Pomel 1847

†Amphicyon ingens Matthew 1924

†Amphicyon intermedius White 1940

†Amphicyon lathanicus Ginsburg 2000

†Amphicyon laugnacensis Ginsburg 1999

†Amphicyon longiramus White 1942

†Amphicyon major De Blainville 1841

†Amphicyon major major Blainville 1841

Invalid names: Amphicyon cultridens Pomel 1853 [objective synonym]

†Amphicyon major eppelsheimensis Weitzel 1930

†Amphicyon olisiponensis Antunes and Ginsburg 1977

†Amphicyon palaeindicus Falconer and Lydekker 1876

†Amphicyon pontoni Simpson 1930

†Amphicyon reinheimeri Cook 1926

†Amphicyon riggsi McGrew 1939

†Amphicyon zhanxiangi Jiangzuo et al. 2018

Tr. †Amphicyonini Trouessart 1885

G. †Cynelos Jourdan 1862

†Cynelos caroniavorus White 1942

Invalid names: Parictis bathygenus White 1947 [synonym]

†Cynelos crassidens Filhol 1874

†Cynelos euryodon Savage 1965

†Cynelos helbingi Dehm 1950

†Cynelos idoneus Matthew 1924

†Cynelos lemanensis Pomel 1846

†Cynelos lemanensis helbingi Dehm 1950

Invalid names: Amphicyon acutidens Dehm 1950 [synonym]

†Cynelos lemanensis lemanensis Pomel 1846

†Cynelos malasi Hunt, Jr. and Stepleton 2015

†Cynelos piveteaui Ginsburg 1965

†Cynelos quercensis Ginsburg 1966

†Cynelos rugosidens Schlosser 1899

†Cynelos schlosseri Dehm 1950

†Cynelos sinapius Matthew 1902

Invalid names: Amphicyon amnicola Matthew and Cook 1909 [synonym]

†Cynelos stenos Hunt, Jr. and Yatkola 2020

Invalid names: Absonodaphoenus Olsen 1958 [synonym], Hecubides Savage 1965 [synonym]

G. †Paludocyon Morales et al. 2021

†Paludocyon bohemicus Schlosser 1899

G. †Goupilictis Ginsburg 1969

†Goupilictis minor Dehm 1935

G. †Ischyrocyon Matthew and Gidley 1904

†Ischyrocyon gidleyi Matthew 1902

Invalid names: Hadrocyon mohavensis Stock and Furlong 1926 [synonym], Ischyrocyon hyaenodus Matthew and Gidley 1904 [synonym], Pliocyon walkerae Johnston and Christian 1941 [synonym]

Invalid names: Hadrocyon Stock and Furlong 1926 [synonym]

G. †Magericyon Peigné et al. 2008

†Magericyon anceps Peigné et al. 2008

†Magericyon castellanus Fraile 1997

G. †Megamphicyon Kuss 1965

†Megamphicyon giganteus Kuss 1965

G. †Mogharacyon Morales and Pickford 2022

†Mogharacyon anubisi Morlo and Miller 2019

G. †Myacyon Sudre and Hartenberger 1992

†Myacyon kiptalami Morales and Pickford 2005

†Myacyon peignei Werdelin 2019

G. †Namibiocyon Morales and Pickford 2022

†Namibiocyon ginsburgi Morales et al. 1998

G. †Pliocyon Matthew 1918

†Pliocyon medius Matthew 1918

†Pliocyon ossifragus Douglass 1903

†Pliocyon robustus Berta and Galiano 1984

Tr. †Pseudarctini Morales et al. 2021

G. †Dehmicyon Morales et al. 2021

†Dehmicyon schlosseri Dehm 1950

G. †Ictiocyon Crusafont Pairo et al. 1955

†Ictiocyon socialis Dehm 1950

G. †Pseudarctos Schlosser 1899

†Pseudarctos bavaricus Schlosser 1899

G. †Pseudocyon Lartet 1851

†Pseudocyon caucasicus Gabunia 1973

†Pseudocyon sansaniensis Lartet 1851

†Pseudocyon steinheimensis Fraas 1885

Invalid names: Amphicyonopsis Viret 1929 [synonym]

G. †Tartarocyon Solé et al. 2022

†Tartarocyon cazanavei Solé et al. 2022

G. †Vishnucyon Pilgrim 1932

Invalid names: Thaumastocyonini Ginsburg 1977 [empty]

G. †Angelarctocyon Tomiya and Tseng 2016

†Angelarctocyon australis Gustafson 1986

G. †Arctamphicyon Pilgrim 1932

G. †Aymardia Trouessart 1904

G. †Bonisicyon Werdelin 2009

†Bonisicyon illacabo Werdelin 2009

G. †Brachycyon Filhol 1872

†Brachycyon gaudryi Ginsburg 1966

G. †Cynodictis Bravard and Pomel 1850

Subg. †Cynodictis (Elocyon) Aymard 1849

†Cynodictis cayluxensis Filhol 1876

†Cynodictis crassus Teilard de Chardin 1915

†Cynodictis exilis Teilard de Chardin 1915

†Cynodictis ferox Filhol 1876

†Cynodictis lacustris Gervais 1852

Invalid names: Cynodictis intermedius Filhol 1876 [synonym]

†Cynodictis lacustris neboulensis de Bonis 1978

†Cynodictis longirostris Filhol 1872

†Cynodictis parisiensis Pomel 1853

†Cynodictis peignei Le Verger et al. 2020

G. †Cyotherium Aymard

Subfm. †Daphoeninae Hunt, Jr. 1998

G. †Adilophontes Hunt, Jr. 2002

†Adilophontes brachykolos Hunt, Jr. 2002

G. †Brachyrhynchocyon Scott and Jepsen 1936

†Brachyrhynchocyon dodgei Scott 1898

Invalid names: Daphoenocyon minor Clark 1967 [synonym], Daphoenus canadensis Russell 1934 [synonym], Miacis matthewi Schlaikjer 1935 [synonym]

†Brachyrhynchocyon intermedius Loomis 1931

†Brachyrhynchocyon montanus Hunt, Jr. 1996

Invalid names: Brachicyon Loomis 1931 [replaced], Daphoenocyon Hough 1948 [synonym]

G. †Daphoenictis Hunt, Jr. 1974

†Daphoenictis tedfordi Hunt, Jr. 1974

G. †Daphoenodon Peterson 1909

Subg. †Daphoenodon (Borocyon) Peterson 1910

†Daphoenodon (Borocyon) neomexicanus Hunt, Jr. 2009

†Daphoenodon (Borocyon) niobrarensis Loomis 1936

†Daphoenodon (Borocyon) robustum Peterson 1910

†Daphoenodon falkenbachi Hunt, Jr. 2002

†Daphoenodon notionastes Frailey 1979

†Daphoenodon skinneri Hunt, Jr. 2002

†Daphoenodon superbus Peterson 1907

Invalid names: Daphoenodon periculosus Cook 1909 [synonym]

G. †Daphoenus Leidy 1853

†Daphoenus demilo Dawson 1980

†Daphoenus felinus Scott 1898

†Daphoenus hartshornianus Cope 1873

†Daphoenus lambei Russell 1934

†Daphoenus robustus Scott 1897

†Daphoenus ruber Stock 1932

†Daphoenus socialis Thorpe 1922

†Daphoenus transversus Wortman and Matthew 1899

†Daphoenus vetus Leidy 1853

Invalid names: Proamphicyon nebrascensis Hatcher 1902 [synonym]

Invalid names: Canis lippincottianus Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Pericyon Thorpe 1922 [synonym], Proamphicyon Hatcher 1902 [synonym]

G. †Paradaphoenus Wortman and Matthew 1899

†Paradaphoenus cuspigerus Cope 1878

Invalid names: Amphicyon entoptychi Cope 1879 [synonym]

†Paradaphoenus minimus Hough 1948

†Paradaphoenus tooheyi Hunt, Jr. 2001

G. †Guangxicyon Zhai et al. 2003

†Guangxicyon sinoamericanus Zhai et al. 2003

G. †Gustafsonia Tomiya and Tseng 2016

†Gustafsonia cognita Gustafson 1986

Subfm. †Haplocyoninae

Tr. †Aktaucyonini Kordikova et al. 2000

G. †Aktaucyon Kordikova et al. 2000

†Aktaucyon brachifacialis Kordikova et al. 2000

G. †Gobicyon Colbert 1839

†Gobicyon acutus Jiangzuo et al. 2021

†Gobicyon macrognathus Colbert 1939

†Gobicyon yei Jiangzuo et al. 2021

†Gobicyon zhegalloi Gabunia 1981

G. †Haplocyon Schlosser 1901

†Haplocyon crucians Filhol 1879

†Haplocyon dombrowski Helbing 1928

†Haplocyon elegans de Bonis 1966

G. †Haplocyonoides Hürzeler 1940

†Haplocyonoides mordax Hürzeler 1940

G. †Haplocyonopsis de Bonis 1973

G. †Sarcocyon Ginsburg 1966

G. †Harpagophagus De Bonis 1971

†Harpagophagus sanguinensis De Bonis 1971

G. †Notoamphicyon Ameghino 1904

†Notoamphicyon paranensis Ameghino 1904

G. †Protemnocyon Hatcher 1901

†Protemnocyon inflatus Hatcher 1902

G. †Pseudamphicyon Schlosser 1887

G. †Pseudocyonopsis Kuss 1965

†Pseudocyonopsis ambiguus Ginsburg 1965

†Pseudocyonopsis antiquus Ginsburg 1966

†Pseudocyonopsis landesquei Helbing 1928

†Pseudocyonopsis quercensis Ginsburg 1965

G. †Storchictis de Bonis 2020

†Storchictis miacinus de Chardin 1915

G. †Symplectocyon Springhorn 1979

Subfm. †Temnocyoninae Hunt, Jr. 1998

G. †Delotrochanter Hunt, Jr. 2011

†Delotrochanter major Hunt, Jr. 2011

†Delotrochanter oryktes Hunt, Jr. 2011

†Delotrochanter petersoni Hunt, Jr. 2011

G. †Mammacyon Loomis 1936

†Mammacyon ferocior Hunt, Jr. 2011

†Mammacyon obtusidens Loomis 1936

G. †Rudiocyon Hunt, Jr. 2011

†Rudiocyon amplidens Hunt, Jr. 2011

G. †Temnocyon Cope 1878

†Temnocyon altigenis Cope 1878

†Temnocyon ferox Eyermann 1896

†Temnocyon fingeruti Hunt, Jr. 2011

†Temnocyon macrogenys Hunt, Jr. 2011

†Temnocyon percussor Cook 1909

†Temnocyon subferox Hunt, Jr. 2011

†Temnocyon typicus Loomis 1936

Subfm. †Thaumastocyoninae Hurzeller 1940

G. †Agnotherium Kaup 1833

†Agnotherium antiquum Kaup 1832

Invalid names: Amphicyon agnotus Pomel 1853 [synonym]

†Agnotherium grivense Viret 1929

G. †Ammitocyon Morales et al. 2021

†Ammitocyon kainos Morales et al. 2021

G. †Crassidia Heizmann and Kordikova 2000

†Crassidia intermedia von Meyer 1849

G. †Peignecyon Morales et al. 2019

†Peignecyon felinoides Morales et al. 2019

G. †Thaumastocyon Stehlin and Helbing 1925

†Thaumastocyon bourgeoisi Stehlin and Helbing 1925

†Thaumastocyon dirus Ginsburg et al. 1981

G. †Tomocyon Viret 1929

†Tomocyon grivensis Viret 1929

G. †Ysengrinia Ginsburg 1965

†Ysengrinia americana Wortman 1901

†Ysengrinia depereti Mayet 1908

†Ysengrinia gerandiana Viret 1929

†Ysengrinia tolosana Noulet 1876

†Ysengrinia valentiana Belinchon and Morales 1989

Invalid names: Aphicyoninae Trouessart 1885 [empty]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingf

Diet:

carnivoref

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Comments:

"feeding preferences of beardogs must have ranged widely from carnivorous to omnivorous" (i.e., mostly carnivorous)f

Created:

2005-08-30 14:52:56

Modified:

2005-08-30 16:52:56

Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Hunt 1998, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Eocene to the top of the Hemphillian or 55.80000 to 4.90000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 48.6 Ma

Collections (460 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Early/Lower Eocene	55.8 - 48.6	Spain (Lleida)	Cynodictis sp. (88345)
Middle Eocene	47.8 - 37.71	China (Henan)	Cynodictis sp. (46193)
Early/Lower Uintan	46.2 - 39.7	USA (Colorado)	Amphicyonidae indet. (16623)
Uintan	46.2 - 39.7	USA (Utah)	Eosictis avinoffi (16574)
Bartonian - Rupelian	41.3 - 28.1	Mexico (Oaxaca)	Mammacyon sp. (166797)
Duchesnean	39.7 - 37.0	USA (Texas)	Canidae indet. (16828) Daphoeninae indet. (16830) Miacis australis (16819) Miacis australis, Daphoneninae indet. (16835)
Duchesnean	39.7 - 37.0	USA (Wyoming)	Daphoenus demilo (16826 16884)
Duchesnean	39.7 - 37.0	Canada (Saskatchewan)	Daphoenus demilo (16845)
Duchesnean	39.7 - 37.0	USA (New Mexico)	Uintacyon sp. (16860)
Duchesnean - Early/Lower Chadronian	39.7 - 33.9	USA (Wyoming)	Daphoenus sp. (16881)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region)	Cynodictis lacustris (12842 12843) Cynodictis sp. (12849) Cynodictis sp.1 (31764) Cynodictis sp.2 (31765)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	France (Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur Region)	Cynodictis lacustris (31747)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	USA (Georgia)	Daphoenus sp. (45640)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (Wyoming)	Brachicyon intermedius (16974) Brachyrhynchocyon sp. (16980 16986) Daphoenictis sp. (16992) Daphoenictis sp., Daphoenocyon sp. (16960 16961 16962 16963) Daphoenocyon dodgei (17045) Daphoenocyon sp. (16964 16965 16966) Daphoenus lambei (16896)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	Canada (Saskatchewan)	Daphoenictis tedfordi (101961) Daphoenus sp., Daphoenictis tedfordi, Daphoenocyon dodgei (16919)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (Texas)	Daphoenocyon dodgei, Miacis sp. (17016)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (North Dakota)	Daphoenus sp. (16991)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (Colorado)	Brachyrhynchocyon sp. (16977)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (Nebraska)	Brachyrhynchocyon sp., Daphoenus sp. (17034) Daphoenictis sp. (16940) Daphoenictis tedfordi (16995) Daphoenictis tedfordi, Daphoenocyon dodgei (16918) Daphoenocyon dodgei (17026 17043) Daphoenus sp. (16917 16941 16958 17014 17038) Daphoenus sp., Daphoenocyon dodgei (16930)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (Montana)	Brachyrhynchocyon dodgei (16988 16989) Brachyrhynchocyon dodgei, Brachyrhynchocyon new (17010) Brachyrhynchocyon sp. (17028) Daphoenictis sp. (16990) Daphoenocyon dodgei (16924) Daphoenocyon sp. (16915)