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Plesiadapiformes

Mammalia - Primates

Taxonomy
Plesiadapiformes was named by Simons and Tattersall (1972). It was considered monophyletic by Beard (1993).

It was replaced with Paromomyiformes by Szalay (1973); it was reranked as the infraorder Plesiadapiformes by Gingerich (1975) and Kielan-Jaworowska et al. (1979).

It was assigned to Plesitarsiiformes by Gingerich (1975); to Prosimii by Kielan-Jaworowska et al. (1979); to Dermoptera by Beard (1993); and to Primates by McKenna (1975), Szalay and Delson (1979), Carroll (1988), Gunnell (1989), Fox (1990), Fox (1991), Tabuce et al. (2004), Fox et al. (2010) and Fox (2011).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1972Plesiadapiformes Simons and Tattersall
1975Plesiadapiformes Gingerich p. 136
1975Plesiadapiformes McKenna p. 42
1979Plesiadapiformes Kielan-Jaworowska et al. p. 223
1979Plesiadapiformes Szalay and Delson
1988Plesiadapiformes Carroll
1989Plesiadapiformes Gunnell p. 11
1990Plesiadapiformes Fox p. 638
1991Plesiadapiformes Fox p. 334
1993Plesiadapiformes Beard
2004Plesiadapiformes Tabuce et al. p. 306
2010Plesiadapiformes Fox et al. p. 869
2011Plesiadapiformes Fox p. 2

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
RankNameAuthor
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—EuarchontogliresMurphy et al. 2001
—Euarchonta
orderPrimates
suborderPlesiadapiformesSimons and Tattersall 1972
suborderPlesiadapiformesSimons and Tattersall 1972

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subor. †Plesiadapiformes Simons and Tattersall 1972
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Superfm. †Microsyopoidea
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Fm. †Palaechthonidae Szalay 1969
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G. †Anasazia Van Valen 1994
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†Anasazia williamsoni Van Valen 1994
Subfm. †Palaechthoninae Gunnell 1989
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G. †Palenochtha Simpson 1935
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†Palenochtha minor Gidley 1923
†Palenochtha weissae Rigby, Jr. 1980
G. †Premnoides Gunnell 1989
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†Premnoides douglassi Gunnell 1989
Subfm. †Plesiolestinae Gunnell 1989
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G. †Phoxomylus Fox 2011
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G. †Plesiolestes Jepsen 1930
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†Plesiolestes nacimienti Wilson and Szalay 1972
Invalid names: Torrejonia Gazin 1968 [synonym]
Fm. †Picromomyidae Rose and Bown 1996
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G. †Alveojunctus Bown 1982
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†Alveojunctus bowni Silcox et al. 2002
†Alveojunctus minutus Bown 1982
G. †Picromomys Rose and Bown 1996
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†Picromomys petersonorum Rose and Bown 1996
Fm. †Toliapinidae Hooker et al. 1999
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G. †Avenius Russell et al. 1992
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†Avenius amatorum Russell et al. 1992
G. †Sarnacius Hooker et al. 1999
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†Sarnacius gingerichi Russell 1981
G. †Toliapina Hooker et al. 1999
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†Toliapina lawsoni Hooker et al. 1999
†Toliapina vinealis Hooker et al. 1999
Invalid names: Plesiadapis orsmaelensis Teilhard de Chardin 1927 [nomen dubium]
G. †Palaechthon Gidley 1923
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†Palaechthon alticuspis Gidley 1923
†Palaechthon torrejonius Kay and Cartmill 1977
†Palaechthon woodi Gazin 1971
Invalid names: Talpohenach Kay and Cartmill 1977 [synonym]
G. †Pandemonium Van Valen 1994
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†Pandemonium dis Van Valen 1994
†Pandemonium hibernalis Fox et al. 2014
Fm. †Purgatoriidae Gunnell 1989
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G. †Purgatorius Van Valen and Sloan 1965
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†Purgatorius coracis Fox and Scott 2011
†Purgatorius janisae Van Valen 1994
†Purgatorius mckeeveri Wilson Mantilla et al. 2021
†Purgatorius pinecreeensis Scott et al. 2016
†Purgatorius titusi Buckley 1997
†Purgatorius unio Van Valen and Sloan 1965
Invalid names: Purgatorius ceratops Van Valen and Sloan 1965 [nomen dubium]
G. †Ursolestes Fox et al. 2015
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†Ursolestes perpetior Fox et al. 2015
Invalid names: Paromomyoidea Simpson 1940 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: arborealsubo
Diet: insectivoresubo
Diet 2: omnivoresubo
Reproduction: viviparoussubo
Created: 2005-08-24 13:53:28
Modified: 2005-08-24 15:53:28
Source: subo = suborder, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Ji et al. 2002, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Torrejonian to the top of the Early/Lower Uintan or 63.80000 to 39.70000 Ma

Collections (56 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Pu166.0 - 63.3USA (Montana) Purgatorius janisae, Purgatorius mckeeveri (14762)
Pu366.0 - 63.3USA (Montana) Purgatorius mckeeveri (218647) Purgatorius mckeeveri, Purgatorius unio (14738)
Puercan66.0 - 63.3Canada (Alberta) Pandemonium hibernalis (174625)
Puercan66.0 - 63.3Canada (Saskatchewan) Purgatorius sp. (14768)
Puercan66.0 - 63.3USA (Montana) Purgatorius ceratops (14741) Purgatorius coracis (193844) Purgatorius unio, Plesiadapidae indet. (14766) Ursolestes perpetior, Purgatorius sp. (14809)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Canada (Saskatchewan) Purgatorius pinecreeensis (14764)
To263.8 - 60.9Canada (Alberta) Palenochtha minor, Plesiolestes problematicus (14894)
Torrejonian63.8 - 60.9USA (Utah) Palaechthon sp. (14830)
Torrejonian63.8 - 60.9Canada (Alberta) Plesiolestes problematicus (143200)
Torrejonian63.8 - 60.9USA (New Mexico) Anasazia williamsoni, Plesiolestes wilsoni (14873) Palaechthon torrejonius (14865) Palaechthon torrejonius, Palaechthon woodi, Palaechthon sp. (14816) Palaechthon woodi (14859) Palaechthon woodi, Plesiolestes wilsoni (14893) Torrejonia wilsoni (14833 14868 187009)
Torrejonian63.8 - 60.9USA (Montana) Palaechthon alticuspis (14913) Palaechthon alticuspis, Palenochtha minor (14906)
Torrejonian63.8 - 60.9USA (Texas) Palaechthon nacimienti (14887) Palaechthon woodi (14948)
Torrejonian63.8 - 60.9USA (Wyoming) Palaechthon problematicus, Palenochtha weissae, Palenochtha minor (14886) Palaechthon sp. (14904 14905) Palenochtha minor, Plesiolestes problematicus, Premnoides douglassi (14912) Palenochtha sp., Palenochtha minor (14898)
Torrejonian - Tiffanian63.8 - 56.8USA (Wyoming) Plesiolestes sp. (14853) Plesiolestes sp., Palaechthon alticuspis (14851)
Ti161.7 - 56.8Canada (Alberta) Phoxomylus puncticuspis, Plesiolestes sirokyi (14939)
Ti361.7 - 56.8Canada (Alberta) Plesiolestes sirokyi (14928)
Tiffanian61.7 - 56.8USA (Wyoming) Palaechthon alticuspis, Palaechthon woodi, Palenochtha minor, Plesiolestes problematicus, Torrejonia sirokyi (15067) Plesiolestes sirokyi (14989) Torrejonia sirokyi (198262 198264 198265) Torrejonia wilsoni (14965)
Tiffanian61.7 - 56.8USA (Montana) Palaechthon sp. (15047) Palaechthon woodi, Palaechthon problematicus (15008) Plesiadapiformes indet. (15019) Purgatorius sp. (15048)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0France (Champagne-Ardenne) Berruvius gingerichi (87925) Sarnacius gingerichi (68428 137125)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0France (Nord) Sarnacius gingerichi (68429)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom (England) Toliapina lawsoni (13299)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Marne) Avenius amatorum, Toliapina lawsoni (35533) Avenius amatorum, Toliapina vinealis (35535)
Lostcabinian55.8 - 50.3USA (Wyoming) Alveojunctus sp. (15930)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (Wyoming) Picromomys petersonorum (15534)
Bridgerian50.3 - 46.2USA (Wyoming) Alveojunctus minutus (16499) Niptomomys sp. (16227)
Early/Lower Uintan46.2 - 39.7USA (California) Alveojunctus bowni (16746)