PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Dryolestidae

Mammalia - Dryolestidae

Taxonomy

Dryolestidae was named by Marsh (1879). It is not extant. Its type is Dryolestes.

It was assigned to Mammalia by Marsh (1887); to Polyprotodontia by Hay (1902); to Pantotheria by Simpson (1928), Simpson (1929), Hay (1930); to Dryolestoidea by Lillegraven and McKenna (1986); to Eupantotheria by Clemens (1963), Clemens and Lees (1971), Kraus (1979), Carroll (1988); to Dryolestoidea by Prothero (1981), Bonaparte (1986), Engelmann and Callison (1998); to Dryolestida by Kielan-Jaworowska et al. (2004); and to Dryolestoidea by Rougier et al. (2011), Cifelli et al. (2014).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1879	Dryolestidae Marsh
1887	Dryolestidae Marsh p. 334
1902	Dryolestidae Hay p. 569
1928	Dryolestidae Simpson p. 127
1929	Dryolestidae Simpson p. 47
1930	Dryolestidae Hay p. 372
1963	Dryolestidae Clemens p. 62
1971	Dryolestidae Clemens and Lees pp. 126-128
1979	Dryolestidae Kraus p. 164
1981	Dryolestidae Prothero p. 286
1986	Dryolestidae Bonaparte p. 51
1986	Dryolestidae Lillegraven and McKenna p. 25
1988	Dryolestidae Carroll
1998	Dryolestidae Engelmann and Callison p. 368
2004	Dryolestidae Kielan-Jaworowska et al. pp. 380-382
2011	Dryolestidae Rougier et al. p. S15
2014	Dryolestidae Cifelli et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Dryolestoidea	(Butler 1939)
family	Dryolestidae	Marsh 1879
family	Dryolestidae	Marsh 1879

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Dryolestidae Marsh 1879

show all | hide all

G. †Amblotherium Owen 1871

†Amblotherium debilis Marsh 1881

Invalid names: Dryolestes gracilis Marsh 1881 [replaced]

†Amblotherium gracilis Marsh 1879

Invalid names: Laodon venustus Marsh 1887 [synonym]

†Amblotherium megistodon Foster et al. 2020

†Amblotherium nanum Owen 1871

†Amblotherium pusillum Owen 1866

Invalid names: Achyrodon pusillus Owen 1871 [synonym], Stylodon robustus Owen 1866 [synonym]

†Amblotherium soricinum Owen 1871

Invalid names: Achyrodon Owen 1871 [synonym], Kurtodon Osborn 1887 [synonym], Laodon Marsh 1887 [synonym], Stylacodon Marsh 1879 [synonym], Stylodon Owen 1866 [replaced]

G. †Anthracolestes Averianov et al. 2014

†Anthracolestes sergeii Averianov et al. 2014

G. †Beckumia Martin et al. 2022

†Beckumia sinemeckelia Martin et al. 2022

G. †Comotherium Prothero 1981

†Comotherium richi Prothero 1981

G. †Dryolestes Marsh 1878

†Dryolestes leirensis Martin 1999

†Dryolestes obtusus Marsh 1880

†Dryolestes priscus Marsh 1878

Invalid names: Asthenodon segnis Marsh 1887 [synonym], Herpetairus humilis Simpson 1929 [synonym], Laolestes grandis Simpson 1929 [synonym], Stylacodon validus Marsh 1880 [synonym]

†Dryolestes tenax Marsh 1889

†Dryolestes vorax Marsh 1879

Invalid names: Asthenodon Marsh 1887 [synonym]

G. †Euthlastus Simpson 1927

†Euthlastus cordiformis Simpson 1927

G. †Groebertherium Bonaparte 1986

†Groebertherium allenensis Rougier et al. 2009

†Groebertherium novasi Bonaparte 1986

†Groebertherium stipanicici Bonaparte 1986

G. †Guimarotodus Martin 1999

†Guimarotodus inflatus Martin 1999

G. †Henkelotherium Krebs 1991

†Henkelotherium guimarotae Krebs 1991

G. †Herpetairus Simpson 1927

†Herpetairus arcuatus Marsh 1879

G. †Herpetarius Simpson 1927

G. †Kepolestes Simpson 1927

†Kepolestes coloradensis Simpson 1927

G. †Krebsotherium Martin 1999

†Krebsotherium lusitanicum Martin 1999

G. †Lakotalestes Cifelli et al. 2014

†Lakotalestes luoi Cifelli et al. 2014

G. †Laolestes Simpson 1927

†Laolestes andresi Martin 1999

†Laolestes eminens Simpson 1927

†Laolestes goodrichi Simpson 1929

†Laolestes hodsoni Clemens and Lees 1971

G. †Malthacolestes Simpson 1927

†Malthacolestes osborni Simpson 1927

G. †Melanodon Simpson 1927

†Melanodon oweni Simpson 1927

G. †Miccylotyrans Simpson 1927

†Miccylotyrans minimus Simpson 1927

G. †Minutolestes Martin et al. 2022

†Minutolestes submersus Martin et al. 2022

G. †Pelicopsis Simpson 1927

†Pelicopsis dubius Simpson 1927

G. †Peraspalax Owen 1871

†Peraspalax talpoides Owen 1871

G. †Phascolestes Owen 1871

†Phascolestes dubius Osborn 1888

†Phascolestes mustelula Owen 1871

Invalid names: Phascolestes longirostris Owen 1871 [synonym]

G. †Portopinheirodon Martin 1999

†Portopinheirodon asymmetricus Martin 1999

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

scansorialuc

Diet:

insectivoreuc

Created:

2005-09-06 19:53:51

Modified:

2005-09-07 19:44:02

Source: c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade

References: Hendy et al. 2009, Hopson 1973, Luo et al. 2003, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Bathonian to the top of the Late/Upper Maastrichtian or 168.20000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (39 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Bathonian	168.2 - 165.3	Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk)	Dryolestidae indet. (61891)
Late/Upper Bathonian	168.2 - 165.3	United Kingdom (England)	Dryolestidae indet. (39075)
Kimmeridgian	154.8 - 149.2	Portugal (Leiria)	Dryolestidae indet., Dryolestes leirensis, Guimarotodus inflatus, Krebsotherium lusitanicum, Henkelotherium guimarotae (24563)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian	154.8 - 143.1	USA (Wyoming)	Comotherium richi, Laolestes eminens, Amblotherium gracilis (39431) Dryolestes sp. (13212) Dryolestidae indet., Amblotherium megistodon (49636) Laolestes sp., Comotherium richi, Melanodon oweni, Dryolestes arcuatus, Laolestes eminens, Dryolestes priscus, Dryolestes vorax, Dryolestes gracilis, Asthenodon segnis, Stylacodon validus, Laodon venustus, Stylacodon gracilis, Malthacolestes osborni, Euthlastus cordiformis, Miccylotyrans minimus, Pelicopsis dubius, Melanodon goodrichi, Herpetairus humilis, Laolestes grandis, Dryolestes obtusus (12816)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian	154.8 - 143.1	USA (Utah)	Dryolestidae indet., Amblotherium sp., Herpetairus arcuatus, Amblotherium debilis, Dryolestes priscus, Amblotherium gracilis, Euthlastus cordiformis (53035)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian	152.21 - 149.2	Portugal (Lourinha)	Dryolestidae indet. (154213)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian	152.21 - 149.2	Portugal (Centro)	Dryolestidae indet. (49304) Laolestes andresi, Portopinheirodon asymmetricus (69708)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian	152.21 - 145.06	USA (Colorado)	Kepolestes coloradensis, Dryolestes gracilis (28366)
Early/Lower Tithonian	149.2 - 145.06	USA (Colorado)	Eupantotheria indet. (71476)
Early/Lower Tithonian	149.2 - 145.06	USA (Utah)	Dryolestes priscus (191718)
Early/Lower Tithonian	149.2 - 145.06	USA (Wyoming)	Dryolestes sp., Laolestes sp. (56654)
Tithonian	149.2 - 143.1	USA (Wyoming)	Amblotherium sp., Herpetarius humilis, Comotherium richi, Amblotherium debilis, Laolestes eminens, Dryolestes priscus, Melanodon goodrichi (39426) Amblotherium sp., Laolestes eminens, Dryolestoidea indet. (39427)
Tithonian	149.2 - 143.1	USA (Utah)	Dryolestes sp., Euthlastus sp. (57913)
Tithonian	149.2 - 143.1	USA (Colorado)	Dryolestidae indet. (48161 53040)
Late/Upper Tithonian - Early/Lower Berriasian	145.06 - 141.0	Morocco (Oriental)	Dryolestidae indet. (45726)
Late/Upper Tithonian - Early/Lower Berriasian	145.06 - 141.0	Morocco (Figuig)	Dryolestidae indet. (204936 204979 204990)
Early/Lower Berriasian - Middle Berriasian	143.1 - 139.1	France (Poitou-Charentes)	Dryolestidae indet. (61930)
Early/Lower Berriasian - Middle Berriasian	143.1 - 139.1	United Kingdom (England)	Amblotherium sp., Peraspalax sp., Phascolestes sp. (28401)
Berriasian	143.1 - 137.05	France (Poitou-Charentes)	Dryolestidae indet. (142093)
Middle Berriasian	141.0 - 139.1	United Kingdom (England)	Dryolestidae indet., Amblotherium sp., Amblotherium soricinum, Peraspalax talpoides, Kurtodon pusillus, Amblotherium mustelula, Achyrodon nanus, Achyrodon pusillus, Stylodon pusillus, Stylodon robustus, Phascolestes longirostris (72142)
Late/Upper Berriasian - Late/Upper Valanginian	139.1 - 132.6	USA (South Dakota)	Lakotalestes luoi (135449)
Early/Lower Valanginian	137.05 - 132.6	United Kingdom (England)	Melanodon goodrichi (102993) Melanodon hodsoni (117934)
Late/Upper Valanginian - Early/Lower Barremian	137.05 - 121.4	USA (South Dakota)	Lakotalestes luoi (135450)
Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian	125.77 - 119.57	Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia)	Minutolestes submersus, Beckumia sinemeckelia (152548)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Argentina (Río Negro)	Dryolestidae indet. (132358)
Judithian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Wyoming)	Dryolestidae indet. (14465)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	Argentina (Río Negro)	Groebertherium allenensis (235138) Groebertherium indet., Groebertherium stipanicici, Groebertherium novasi (45087) Groebertherium stipanicici, Barberenia allenensis (48999)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Bolivia (Cochabamba)	Dryolestoidea indet. 1 (12855)