| Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
| Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Taxonomy
Teiidae was named by Gray (1827) [mandibles]. It is extant. It is the type family of Teiioidea. It was considered monophyletic by Estes et al. (1988), Lee and Caldwell (2000).
It was assigned to Lacertae by Gadow (1898); to Lacertilia by Rovereto (1914); to Lacertidi by Perrier (1928); to Lacertoidea by Kuhn (1946); to Sauria by Stirton (1953); to Lacertilia by McGrew et al. (1959); to Lacertoidea by Kuhn (1966), Estes (1983); to Leptoglossa by Cope (1871), Cope (1875), Carroll (1988); to Squamata by Nessov (1988); to Lacertilia by Frank and Ramus (1996); to Scincomorpha by Estes (1969), Sullivan and Estes (1997); to Scincomorpha by Estes (1964), Estes and Berberian (1970), Seiffert (1975), Gao and Fox (1991), Gao and Hou (1996), Gao and Fox (1996), Alifanov (2000), Gao and Norell (2000), Peng et al. (2001); to Scincomorpha by Pujos et al. (2009); and to Teiioidea by Estes et al. (1988), Lee and Caldwell (2000), Fernicola and Albino (2012).
It was assigned to Lacertae by Gadow (1898); to Lacertilia by Rovereto (1914); to Lacertidi by Perrier (1928); to Lacertoidea by Kuhn (1946); to Sauria by Stirton (1953); to Lacertilia by McGrew et al. (1959); to Lacertoidea by Kuhn (1966), Estes (1983); to Leptoglossa by Cope (1871), Cope (1875), Carroll (1988); to Squamata by Nessov (1988); to Lacertilia by Frank and Ramus (1996); to Scincomorpha by Estes (1969), Sullivan and Estes (1997); to Scincomorpha by Estes (1964), Estes and Berberian (1970), Seiffert (1975), Gao and Fox (1991), Gao and Hou (1996), Gao and Fox (1996), Alifanov (2000), Gao and Norell (2000), Peng et al. (2001); to Scincomorpha by Pujos et al. (2009); and to Teiioidea by Estes et al. (1988), Lee and Caldwell (2000), Fernicola and Albino (2012).
Subtaxa
Alethesaurus quadratus, Alopoglossus, Amapasaurus, Anotosaura, Brevisaurus, Callopistinae, Cercosaura, Colobosaura, Colobosauroides, Conicodontosaurus, Crocodilurus, Dracaena, Echinosaura, Gerontoseps, Glyptogenys, Harmodontosaurus, Iguanavus exilis, Iguanavus teres, Iphisa, Kentropyx, Lanceosaurus compressus, Lanceosaurus hatcheri, Meyasaurus (syn. Rubiessaurus, Ilerdaesaurus), Pantodactylus, Proctoporus, Ptilotodon, Sphenosiagon, Teiinae, Teiini, Tupinambinae
Synonyms
|
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1827 | Teiidae Gray |
| 1871 | Teidae Cope p. 237 |
| 1872 | Iguanavus exilis Marsh p. 309 |
| 1875 | Teidae Cope p. 19 |
| 1892 | Iguanavus teres Marsh |
| 1898 | Tejidae Gadow p. 26 |
| 1902 | Iguanavus exilis Hay p. 474 |
| 1914 | Teiidae Rovereto p. 172 |
| 1928 | Iguanavus exilis Gilmore p. 16 |
| 1928 | Iguanavus teres Gilmore p. 17 |
| 1928 | Lanceosaurus hatcheri Gilmore p. 160 figs. 104; Pl. 26:8 |
| 1928 | Lanceosaurus compressus Gilmore p. 161 fig. 105 |
| 1928 | Alethesaurus quadratus Gilmore p. 162 figs. Pl. 26:13 |
| 1928 | Tejidae Perrier p. 3097 |
| 1930 | Iguanavus exilis Hay p. 246 |
| 1930 | Iguanavus teres Hay p. 246 |
| 1930 | Alethesaurus quadratus Hay p. 255 |
| 1930 | Lanceosaurus compressus Hay p. 256 |
| 1930 | Lanceosaurus hatcheri Hay p. 256 |
| 1946 | Tejidae Kuhn p. 61 |
| 1953 | Teiidae Stirton p. 612 |
| 1959 | Teiidae McGrew et al. p. 136 |
| 1964 | Teiidae Estes p. 101 |
| 1966 | Teiidae Kuhn p. 53 |
| 1969 | Teiidae Estes p. 2 |
| 1970 | Teiidae Estes and Berberian p. 5 |
| 1975 | Teiidae Seiffert p. 10 |
| 1983 | Teiidae Estes |
| 1988 | Teiidae Carroll |
| 1988 | Teiidae Estes et al. |
| 1988 | Teiidae Nessov p. 478 |
| 1991 | Teiidae Gao and Fox |
| 1996 | Teiidae Frank and Ramus |
| 1996 | Teiidae Gao and Fox p. 18 |
| 1996 | Teiidae Gao and Hou p. 584 |
| 1997 | Teiidae Sullivan and Estes p. 102 |
| 2000 | Teiidae Alifanov p. 373 |
| 2000 | Teiidae Gao and Norell p. 52 |
| 2000 | Teiidae Lee and Caldwell |
| 2001 | Teiidae Peng et al. p. 27 |
| 2009 | Teiidae Pujos et al. p. 594 |
| 2012 | Teiidae Fernicola and Albino |
Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data
|
|
If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Teiidae Gray 1827
show all | hide all
G. Alopoglossus Boulenger 1885 [Northern teiids]
+
Alopoglossus atriventris Duellman 1973 [Duellman's teiid]
Alopoglossus festae Peracca 1904 [Peracca's teiid]
G. Amapasaurus Cunha 1970 [Four-toed amapsaurus]
+
Amapasaurus tetradactylus Cunha 1970 [Four-toed amapsaurus]
G. Colobosaura Boulenger 1887 [colobosauras]
+
Colobosaura modesta Reinhardt and Lutken 1862 [Bahia colobosaura]
G. Colobosauroides de Cunha et al. 1991 [Cunha's teiids]
+
Colobosauroides caerensis de Cunha et al. 1991 [Cunha's teiid]
G. †Conicodontosaurus Gilmore 1943
+
†Conicodontosaurus djadochtaensis Gilmore 1943
†Conicodontosaurus kanhsienensis Young 1973
G. Crocodilurus Daudin 1802 [Crocodile tegus]
+
Crocodilurus lacertinus Daudin 1802 [Crocodile tegus]
G. Dracaena Daudin 1802 [caiman lizard]
+
Dracaena guianensis Daudin 1802 [Guyana caiman lizard]
Dracaena paraguayensis Amaral 1950 [Paraguay caiman lizard]
G. †Meyasaurus Vidal 1915
+
†Meyasaurus crusafonti Hoffstetter 1966
†Meyasaurus diazromerali Evans and Barbadillo 1997
†Meyasaurus faurai Vidal 1915
+
Invalid names: Rubiessaurus lapicidinarum Gomez Pallerola 1979 [synonym]
†Meyasaurus unaensis Richter 1994
Invalid names: Ilerdaesaurus Hoffstetter 1966 [synonym], Rubiessaurus Gomez Pallerola 1979 [synonym]
G. Pantodactylus Dumeril and Bibron 1839 [Many-fingered teiids]
+
Pantodactylus quadrilineatus Boetteger 1876 [Lined many-fingered teiid]
Pantodactylus schreibersii Wiegmann 1834 [Schreiber's many-fingered teiid]
G. Proctoporus Tschudi 1845 [Lightbulb lizards]
+
Proctoporus guentheri Boetteger 1891 [Gunther's lightbulb lizard]
Proctoporus pachyurus Tschudi 1845 [Tschudi's lightbulb lizard]
Subfm. †Teiinae
+
Tr. Tupinambini Presch 1974
+
G. Callopistes Gravenhorst 1838
+
Callopistes flavipunctatus Dumeril and Bibron 1839 [False monitor]
Callopistes maculatus Gravenhorst 1837 [Spotted false monitor]
†Callopistes rionegrensis Quadros et al. 2018
Tr. Teiini Presch 1974
+
G. Ameiva Meyer 1795 [whiptail lizard]
+
Ameiva alboguttata Boulenger 1896 [Common Puerto Rican ameiva]
Ameiva ameiva Linneaus 1758 [Giant ameiva]
Ameiva atrata Garman 1887 [Redonda groundlizard]
Ameiva atrigularis Garman 1887 [Venezuelan ameiva]
Ameiva auberi Cocteau 1838 [Cuban groundlizard]
Ameiva bifrontata Cope 1862 [Khaki ameiva]
Ameiva chrysolaema Cope 1868 [Common ameiva]
Ameiva cineracea Barbour and Noble 1915 [Guadeloupean groundlizard]
Ameiva concolor Ruthven 1924
Ameiva corax Censky and Paulson 1992 [Little scrub groundlizard]
Ameiva corvina Cope 1861 [Sombrero groundlizard]
Ameiva dorsalis Gray 1838 [Jamaican groundlizard]
Ameiva erythrocephala Shaw 1802 [Red-faced groundlizard]
Ameiva exsul Cope 1862 [Puerto Rican giant groundlizard]
Ameiva fuscata Garman 1887 [Dominica groundlizard]
Ameiva griswoldi Barbour 1916 [Griwald's ameiva]
Ameiva lineolata Dumeril and Bibron 1839 [Pygmy blue-tailed groundlizard]
Ameiva major Dumeril and Bibron 1839 [Guadeloupean giant groundlizard]
Ameiva maynardi Garman 1888 [Great Inagua ameiva]
Ameiva parecis Colli et al. 2003 [calango]
Ameiva plei Dumeril and Bibron 1839 [Anguilla bank groundlizard]
Ameiva pluvianotata Garman 1887 [Montserrat groundlizard]
Ameiva polops Cope 1862 [St Croix ameiva]
Ameiva praesignis Baird and Girard 1852 [Giant ameiva]
Ameiva provitaae Garcia-Perez 1995 [Mato trompa roja]
Ameiva taeniura Cope 1862 [Hispaniolan blue-tailed groundlizard]
Ameiva wetmorei Stejneger 1913 [Puerto Rican blue-tailed groundlizard]
G. Cnemidophorus Wagler 1830 [whiptail lizard]
+
Cnemidophorus alpinus Maslin and Walker 1965 [Alpine whiptail]
Cnemidophorus angusticeps Cope 1878 [Yucatan whiptail]
Cnemidophorus arubensis Lidth de Jeude 1887 [Aruba whiptail]
Cnemidophorus bacatus Van Denburgh and Slevin 1921 [San Pedro Nolasco whiptail]
Cnemidophorus burti Taylor 1938 [Canyon spotted whiptail]
+
Cnemidophorus burti xanthanotus Duellman and Lowe 1953 [Redback whiptail]
Cnemidophorus burti stictogrammus Burger 1950 [Giant spotted whiptail]
Cnemidophorus calidipes Duellman 1951 [Rio Tepalcatepic Valley whiptail]
Cnemidophorus longicaudus Bell 1843 [Longtail whiptail]
Cnemidophorus ocellifer Spix 1825 [Spix's whiptail]
Cnemidophorus sexlineatus Linnaeus 1766 [six-lined racerunner]
G. Dicrodon Duméril and Bibron 1839
Invalid names: Alethesaurus quadratus Gilmore 1928 [nomen vanum], Callopistinae Harvey et al. 2012 [empty], Iguanavus exilis Marsh 1872 [nomen dubium], Iguanavus teres Marsh 1892 [nomen dubium], Lanceosaurus compressus Gilmore 1928 [nomen vanum], Lanceosaurus hatcheri Gilmore 1928 [nomen vanum]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| E. Perrier 1928 | Dents très variables, toujours pleines, généralement pleurodontes, quelquefois presque acrodontes, les prémaxillaires toujours coniques, les latérales coniques bicuspides, tricuspides ou en forme de molaires. Langue longue et profondément bifide (FISSILINGUES), en grande partie couverte de papilles simulant des écailles rarement remplacées par des plis obliques. Dos ne présentant en général que de petites écailles ou simplement granuleux. Grande famille exclusivement américaine. Biologie très variable: des formes terrestres, d'aulres arboricoles, d'autres à vie cachée souterraine, et alors à membres rudimentaires. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
| Source: f = family, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Behler and King 1979, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Barremian to the top of the Holocene or 130.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 125.45 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 125.45 Ma
Collections (114 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Barremian | Spain (Cuenca) | Ilerdaesaurus unaensis (122078) | |
| Early/Lower Barremian | Spain (Aragón) | Meyasaurus sp., Ilerdaesaurus sp. (36368) | |
| Early/Lower Barremian | Spain (Cataluña) | Meyasaurus faurai, Ilerdaesaurus crusafonti (85293) | |
| Early/Lower Barremian | Spain | Rubiessaurus lapicidinarum (152685) | |
| Late/Upper Barremian | Spain (Castilla-La Mancha) | Meyasaurus diazromerali (28006) | |
| Late/Upper Barremian | Spain (Cuenca) | Ilerdaesaurus unaensis (61319) | |
| Aptian - Albian | USA (Wyoming) | Teiidae indet. A, Ptilotodon wilsoni (137577) Teiidae indet. A, Teiidae indet., Ptilotodon wilsoni (137567) | |
| Late/Upper Aptian | USA (Texas) | Teiinae indet. (14408) | |
| Late/Upper Aptian - Early/Lower Albian | USA (Oklahoma) | Teiidae indet., Ptilotodon wilsoni (14392) | |
| Albian | Chile (O'Higgins) | Teiidae indet. (170685) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | USA (Utah) | Harmodontosaurus emeryensis (14400) Paramacellodidae indet. A (14405) Teiidae indet. (14396) | |
| Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian | Uzbekistan (Navoi) | Teiidae indet. (46959) | |
| Santonian | Hungary (Veszprém) | Teiidae indet. (48722) | |
| Late/Upper Santonian | Canada (Alberta) | Sphenosiagon simplex (14425) | |
| Judithian | Canada (Alberta) | Gerontoseps irvinensis, Glyptogenys ornata, Sphenosiagon simplex (14463) Glyptogenys ornata (116537) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Mongolia (Omnogov) | Conicodontosaurus djadochtaensis (46152) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Montana) | Chamops segnis (14447) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Chamops segnis (116566) Gerontoseps irvinensis (45671) | |
| Middle Campanian | China (Nei Mongol) | Conicodontosaurus djadochtaensis (118301) | |
| Middle Campanian | USA (South Carolina) | Teiidae indet. (180790) | |
| Middle Campanian | USA (Montana) | Teiidae indet. (14453) | |
| Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Montana) | Chamops segnis (14446) | |
| Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Sphenosiagon simplex (116538) | |
| Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Texas) | T. sp. (68001 68003) | |
| Lancian | USA (Montana) | Teiidae indet. (14559) | |
| Lancian | USA (Wyoming) | Alethesaurus quadratus (14565) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Lanceosaurus hatcheri (45675) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | France (Midi-Pyrénées) | Teiidae indet. (199535) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Wyoming) | Iguanavus teres (118461) Lanceosaurus compressus (180016) Lanceosaurus hatcheri (52695) | |
| Ypresian | Argentina (Salta) | Lumbrerasaurus scagliai (20983) | |
| Lostcabinian | USA (Wyoming) | Teidae indet. (15917) | |
| Bridgerian | USA (Wyoming) | Teiidae indet. (16244) | |
| Middle Eocene | USA (Wyoming) | Iguanavus exilis (81455) | |
| Priabonian | France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region) | Tupinambinae indet., Brevisaurus smithi (12849) | |
| Priabonian | France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees region) | Tupinambinae indet., Brevisaurus smithi (12853) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | France (Quercy) | Tupinambinae indet. (12850) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene - Early/Lower Miocene | France (Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées) | Brevisaurus smithi (179194) | |
| Rupelian - Chattian | Peru | Teiidae indet. morph 1 (199562) | |
| Colhuehuapian | Peru | Teiidae indet. (176149) | |
| Colhuehuapian | Argentina (Rio Negra) | Callopistes rionegrensis (201681) | |
| Early/Lower Hemingfordian | USA (Florida) | Teiidae indet. (18562) | |
| Barstovian | USA (Nebraska) | Cnemidophorus sp. (18165 27481) | |
| Early/Lower Barstovian | USA (Florida) | Cnemidophorus sp. (18538) | |
| Middle Miocene | Colombia | Paradracaena colombiana (13758) | |
| Laventan | Colombia | Paradracaena colombiana (13682 13684 13687 13739 13743 13749 13750) Paradracaena columbiana (117981) | |
| Laventan | Colombia (Huila) | Dracaena colombiana (133648 136211 143789) Paradracaena colombiana (186607 186608 186610 186664 186675 186787 187944 187945 187946 187947 187949 187951) | |
| Laventan | Peru | Paradracaena sp. (213137) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Kansas) | Cnemidophorus sexlineatus (18450) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Nebraska) | Cnemidophorus sexlineatus (18324 188779) | |
| Tortonian | Brazil (Amazonas) | Paradracaena sp. (67386) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Brazil (Acre) | Dracaena sp. (136714) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (Nebraska) | Cnemidophorus sp. (18126) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (Arizona) | Cnemidophorus sp. (19610) | |
| Montehermosan | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | Callopistes bicuspidatus (198863) | |
| Blancan | USA (Nebraska) | Cnemidophorus sexlineatus (19960) | |
| Blancan | USA (Kansas) | Cnemidophorus bilobatus, Cnemidophorus sexlineatus (19931) | |
| Blancan - Irvingtonian | USA (California) | Teiini indet. (199543) | |
| Chapadmalalan | Argentina (Córdoba) | Teius sp. (197905) | |
| Piacenzian | Argentina (Córdoba) | Salvator merianae, Salvator sp. (225604) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (California) | Cnemidophorus sp. (237076) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (California) | Cnemidophorus sp. (26548) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (South Dakota) | Cnemidophorus sp. (20389) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Kansas) | Cnemidophorus sexlineatus (20427 20516) | |
| Lujanian | Argentina (Entre Ríos) | Salvator merianae (212840) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (Florida) | Cnemidophorus sexlineatus (20491) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Nevada) | Cnemidophorus tigris (99602) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Brazil (Piaui) | Dracaena sp. (71334) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Brazil (Goiás) | Teiidae indet., Ameiva ameiva (211821) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Missouri) | Cnemidophorus sexlineatus (75995) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial) | USA (New Mexico) | Cnemidophorus sp. (76060) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Mexico (Tamaulipas) | Cnemidophorus gularis (71264) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (New Mexico) | Cnemidophorus perplexus (93141) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | Antigua and Barbuda (Barbuda) | Ameiva griswaldi (155350) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | Bahamas (New Providence Island) | Ameiva auberi (144649) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene (late glacial) | USA (Arizona) | Cnemidophorus sp. (93374) | |
| Holocene | Bahamas | Ameiva sp. (194591 194593 194597) | |
| Holocene | Brazil (Pernambuco) | Ameiva sp. (211631) | |
| Holocene | Antigua and Barbuda | Ameiva griswoldi (94615 215286) | |
| Holocene | Jamaica | Ameiva dorsalis (215359) |