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Pareiasauroidea
Taxonomy
Pareiasauroidea was named by Nopsca (1928) [Whether this taxon is extinct or not depends on exlusion or inclusion of turtles, respectively.]. It was considered monophyletic by Lee (1995), Lee (1997).
It was assigned to Captorhinida by Carroll (1988); and to Hallucicrania by Lee (1995), Lee (1997).
It was assigned to Captorhinida by Carroll (1988); and to Hallucicrania by Lee (1995), Lee (1997).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Superfm. †Pareiasauroidea Nopsca 1928
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Unr. †Pareiasauria Seeley 1888
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G. †Anthodon Owen 1876
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†Anthodon serrarius Owen 1876
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Invalid names: Anthodon minusculus Haughton 1932 [synonym], Propappus parvus Haughton 1913 [synonym]
G. †Bradysaurus Watson 1914
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†Bradysaurus baini Seeley 1892
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Invalid names: Platyoropha broomi Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [synonym]
†Bradysaurus seeleyi Haughton and Boonstra 1929
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Invalid names: Bradysaurus vanderbyli Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [synonym]
Invalid names: Bradysaurus whaitsi Broom 1914 [nomen dubium], Bradysuchus Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [synonym], Platyoropha Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [synonym]
Fm. †Elginiidae Cope 1896
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G. †Nochelesaurus Haughton and Boonstra 1929
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†Nochelesaurus alexanderi Haughton and Boonstra 1929
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Invalid names: Brachypareia watsoni Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [synonym], Dolichopareia angusta Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dolichopareia Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [synonym]
Fm. †Pareiasauridae Lydekker 1889
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G. †Deltavjatia Lebedev 1987
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†Deltavjatia rossicus Hartmann-Weinberg 1937
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Invalid names: Pareiasuchus vjatkensis Hartmann-Weinberg 1937 [synonym]
G. †Scutosaurus Hartmann-Weinberg 1930
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†Scutosaurus karpinskii Amalitzky 1922
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Invalid names: Pareiosaurus elegans Amalitzky 1922 [synonym], Pareiosaurus horridus Amalitzky 1922 [synonym], Pareiosaurus tuberculatus Amalitzky 1922 [synonym], Proelginia permiana Hartmann-Weinberg 1937 [synonym], Scutosaurus itelensis Ivakhnenko 1987 [synonym]
Invalid names: Proelginia Hartmann-Weinberg 1937 [synonym]
G. †Shihtienfenia Young and Yeh 1963
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†Shihtienfenia permica Young and Yeh 1963
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Invalid names: Huanghesaurus liulinensis Gao 1983 [synonym], Shansisaurus xuecunensis Cheng 1980 [synonym]
Invalid names: Huanghesaurus Gao 1983 [synonym], Shansisaurus Cheng 1980 [synonym]
G. †Pareiasaurus Owen 1876
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†Pareiasaurus serridens Owen
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Invalid names: Anthodon gregoryi Broom 1930 [synonym], Anthodon nesemanni Broom 1940 [synonym], Pareiasaurus minor Seeley 1892 [synonym], Pareiasaurus pinnatus Olson and Broom 1937 [synonym], Pareiasaurus rubidgei Broom 1940 [synonym], Propappus omocratus Seeley [synonym], Propappus rogersi Broom 1912 [synonym]
†Pareiasaurus whaitsi Broom 1914
Invalid names: Brachypareia Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [synonym], Pareiasaurus henneni Case 1917 [nomen dubium], Propappus Seeley 1888 [synonym]
G. †Pareiasuchus Broom and Haughton 1913
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†Pareiasuchus nasicornis Haughton and Boonstra 1929
†Pareiasuchus peringueyi Broom and Haughton 1913
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Invalid names: Pareiasaurus pulcher Broom 1935 [synonym]
Invalid names: Bradysauridae von Huene 1948 [empty], Koalemasaurus Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [nomen dubium], Pareiasaurus acutirostris Broom 1913 [nomen dubium], Pareiasaurus bombidens Owen 1876 [nomen vanum], Pareiasaurus russouwi Seeley 1892 [nomen dubium], Pareiasaurus steenkampensis Seeley 1908 [nomen dubium], Pareiasaurus strubeni Broom 1924 [nomen dubium], Rhipaeosauridae Chudinov 1955 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range: base of the Wuchiapingian to the top of the Zechstein or 259.90000 to 254.14000 Ma
Collections (98 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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| Roadian - Capitanian | Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) | Pareiasaurus americanus (171380 171381) | |
| Wordian - Capitanian | Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) | Provelosaurus americanus (78657) | |
| Tatarian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Pareiasauria indet. (196164) | |
| Capitanian | South Africa (Northern Cape) | Bradysaurus sp. (181072 198666) Pareiasaurus sp., Pareiasuchus sp. (176246) | |
| Capitanian | South Africa (Western Cape) | Brachypareia rogersi (176248) Brachypareia watsoni (198721) Bradysaurus angusta, Bradysaurus strubeni, Bradysaurus baini, Bradysaurus vanderbyli, Dolichopareia angusta, Brachypareia watsoni (86388) Bradysaurus baini (93100 178115 198677) Bradysaurus baini, Brachypareia watsoni, Pareiasaurus acutirostris (13004) Bradysaurus seeleyi (198675) Bradysaurus seeleyi, Bradysaurus baini (93085) Bradysaurus seeleyi, Bradysaurus vanderbyli (93096) Bradysaurus sp. (198723) Bradysaurus strubeni (89650) Bradysaurus vanderbyli, Embrithosaurus schwarzi (93088) Embrithosaurus schwarzi (198028) Embrithosaurus sp., Bradysaurus seeleyi (198719) Embrithosaurus sp., Bradysaurus seeleyi, Bradysaurus baini, Platyoropha broomi (93097) Koalemasaurus sp. (198722) Nochelesaurus alexanderi, Dolichopareia angusta (197985) Pareiasauria indet. (176245) Pareiasauria indet., Bradysaurus seeleyi, Bradysaurus vanderbyli, Brachypareia rogersi (198676) Pareiasaurus baini (92648) Pareiasaurus bombidens (26710 93084) Pareiasaurus bombidens, Bradysaurus seeleyi (93086) | |
| Early/Lower Severodvinian | Russian Federation (Kirov) | Anthodon rossicus, Pareiasuchus vjatkensis, Anthodon chlynoviensis (28854) | |
| Late/Upper Severodvinian | Russian Federation (Tatarstan) | Proelginia permiana (80712) | |
| Late/Upper Severodvinian | Russian Federation (Vologda) | Pareiasauridae indet. (233451) Proelginia sp. (233448) | |
| Late/Upper Severodvinian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Pareiasauridae indet. (93207) Proelginia permiana (189501 189505) | |
| Late/Upper Severodvinian - Vyatkian | Russian Federation (Vologda) | Elginiidae indet. (93025) Obirkovia gladiator (93016) Scutosaurus tuberculatus (187939) | |
| Late/Upper Severodvinian - Vyatkian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Elginiidae indet. (93030) Pareiasauria indet. (179653) Pareiasauridae indet. (180868 189495 189571) Scutosaurus sp., Elginiidae indet. (93027) | |
| Late/Upper Severodvinian - Vyatkian | Russian Federation (Arkhangelsk) | Pareiosaurus karpinskii, Pareiosaurus elegans, Pareiosaurus horridus, Pareiosaurus tuberculatus, Scutosaurus karpinskii, Scutosaurus tuberculatus (28065) Scutosaurus karpinskii (27952) | |
| Late/Upper Severodvinian - Vyatkian | Russian Federation (Vladimir) | Scutosaurus sp., Elginiidae indet. (93026) | |
| Capitanian - Wuchiapingian | South Africa (Western Cape) | Bradysaurus seeleyi (177588) | |
| Late/Upper Severodvinian - Early/Lower Vyatkian | Russian Federation (Tatarstan) | Scutosaurus sp. (28855) | |
| Wuchiapingian | South Africa (Western Cape) | Pareiasaurus serridens (22661 180462) Pareiasaurus serridens, Pareiasauria indet., Pareiasuchus peringueyi, Propappus parvus (171377) | |
| Wuchiapingian | Germany (Hesse) | Parasaurus geinitzi (81115 84836 93036) | |
| Wuchiapingian | Tanzania (Ruvuma) | Anthodon minusculus (171379) Pareiasauria indet. (178128) | |
| Wuchiapingian | Zambia | Pareiasauria indet. (184660 184661 184662) Propappus omocratus (184600) | |
| Wuchiapingian | South Africa (Graaff-Reinet) | Anthodon serrarius (171378) | |
| Wuchiapingian | Zambia (Eastern) | Pareiasuchus nasicornis (86257) | |
| Wuchiapingian | Morocco (Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz) | Arganaceras vacanti, Pareiasauria indet. (89607) | |
| Wuchiapingian | Russian Federation (Vologda) | Pareiasauridae indet. (104754) | |
| Wuchiapingian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Anthodon serrarius (176504) Nanoparia luckhoffi, Pareiasaurus rubidgei (171384) Nanoparia pricei (171376) Pareiasaurus serridens, Pareiasuchus nasicornis (80826) | |
| Wuchiapingian | South Africa (Northern Cape) | Pareiasaurus sp. (190568) | |
| Wuchiapingian | China (Henan) | Tsiyuania simplicidentata, Honania complicidentata, Taihangshania imperfacta (92909) | |
| Lopingian | China (Nei Mongol) | Elginia wuyongae (194384) | |
| Lopingian | Italy (Trentino-Alto Adige) | Pachypes dolomiticus (188750) | |
| Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian | South Africa (Western Cape) | Pareiasaurus serridens (80176 89859) | |
| Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Anthodon nesemanni (177601) Pareiasaurus serridens (80174 114905 176336 177563) | |
| Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian | South Africa (Northern Cape) | Nanoparia luckhoffi (178275) | |
| Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian | Morocco (Argana) | Pachypes sp. (197303) | |
| Vyatkian | Russian Federation (Vladimir) | Elginiidae indet., Obirkovia sp. (86346) | |
| Vyatkian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Pareiasauridae indet. (86484) | |
| Zechstein | Germany (Thuringia) | Parasaurus geinitzi (85564 85565) | |
| Zechstein | Germany (Hesse) | Parasaurus geinitzi (85489) | |
| Zechstein | South Africa (Northern Cape) | Pareiasaurus pulcher (34816) | |
| Zechstein | Germany (Lower Saxony) | Parasaurus geinitzi (85561) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Shanxi) | Huanghesaurus liulinensis, Shansisaurus xuecunensis (92907) Pareiasauria indet., Shihtienfenia permica (93536) Pareiasauridae indet., Sanchuansaurus pygmaeus, Shansisaurus xuecunensis, Shihtienfenia permica, Shansisaurus sp. (78694) | |
| Changhsingian | Niger (Agadez) | Bunostegos akokanensis (68054) Pachypes sp. (199774) | |
| Changhsingian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Elginia mirabilis, Gordonia sp. (92323) |