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Porocrinida

Crinoidea - Porocrinida

Discussion

"Porocrinida" was first used in Wright et al., 2017 but was mistakenly attributed to Miller and Gurly, 1894 therein.

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Synonymy list
YearName and author
2017Porocrinida Wright et al.
2019Porocrinida Wright et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
—Ambulacraria
phylumEchinodermata
subphylumBlastozoa
RankNameAuthor
classCrinoideaMiller 1821
subclassPentacrinoideaJaekel 1918
infraclassInadunata(Wachsmuth and Springer 1897)
—Cladida(Moore and Laudon 1943)
superorderPorocrinoidea
orderPorocrinida
orderPorocrinida

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. †Porocrinida Wright et al. 2017
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G. †Carabocrinus Billings 1857
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†Carabocrinus boltoni Ausich and Copper 2010
†Carabocrinus radiatus Billings 1857
†Carabocrinus tuberculatus Billings 1859
G. †Illemocrinus Eckert 1987
G. †Palaeocrinus Billings 1859
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†Palaeocrinus angulatus Billings 1857
G. †Porocrinus Billings 1857
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†Porocrinus conicus Billings 1857
G. †Triboloporus Kesling and Paul 1968
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
D. F. Wright et al. 2017The Porocrinida is stem-defined as the most inclusive clade containing Porocrinus conicus Billings, 1857 and Carabocrinus radiatus Billings, 1857 but not Hybocrinus conicus Billings, 1857...The stem-based definition of the Porocrinida makes them sister to the Hybocrinida and retains the taxonomic membership of this clade recovered in Ausich et al. (2015) andGuensburg (2012). Porocrinids can easily be distinguished from hybocrinids in having a dicyclic calyx and the presence of thecal respiratory structures (Kesling and Paul, 1968; Sprinkle, 1982a).

Wright et al., 2017
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: high Mg calcitec
Ontogeny: accretion, addition of partsp
Environment: marinep
Locomotion: stationarysubc
Attached: yessubc
Life habit: intermediate-level epifaunalsubc
Diet: suspension feedersubc
Vision: blindc
Dispersal: waterp
Dispersal 2: planktonicp
Created: 2009-10-09 11:50:31
Modified: 2009-10-09 13:50:31
Source: subc = subclass, c = class, p = phylum
References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009, Aberhan 1992

Age range: base of the Middle Ordovician to the top of the Richmondian or 470.00000 to 445.50000 Ma

Collections (85 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Middle Ordovician470.0 - 458.4USA (Oklahoma) Porocrinus bromidensis (201757)
Middle Ordovician470.0 - 458.4USA (Kentucky) Carabocrinus micropunctatus, Palaeocrinus avondalensis, Palaeocrinus planobasalis, Triboloporus cryptoplicatus (124619)
Chazyan470.0 - 457.3Canada (Quebec) Palaeocrinus sp. (311)
Sandbian458.4 - 453.0Canada (Quebec) Palaeocrinus striatus (182449 182450)
Caradoc458.4 - 449.5USA (Virginia) Carabocrinus sp. (34224 34235 34237 34241 34243 34244 34245 34246 34247 34248 34249 34250 34251 34252)
Turinian457.3 - 453.8USA (Kentucky) Carabocrinus plate (100176) Carabocrinus sp. (101378)
Turinian457.3 - 453.8Canada (Quebec) Porocrinus conicus, Carabocrinus radiatus (195625)
Ashbyan457.3 - 449.6USA (Tennessee) Palaeocrinus planobasalis (201763)
Blackriveran457.3 - 449.6USA (Oklahoma) Carabocrinus sp., Carabocrinus treadwelli, Carabocrinus tumidus, Carabocrinus vancortlandi, Carabocrinus loeblichi, Carabocrinus logani, Palaeocrinus hudsoni (23990) Carabocrinus sp., Palaeocrinus sp. (24101 24102 24104) Carabocrinus tumidus (24097) Carabocrinus vancortlandi (24095) Porocrinus bromidensis (73277 195568) Porocrinus sp. (24103)
Blackriveran457.3 - 449.6USA (illinois) Porocrinus pentagonius (195626)
Blackriveran457.3 - 449.6USA (Illinois, Iowa) Carabocrinus sp., Porocrinus pentagonius, Porocrinus smithi (23449) Porocrinus pentagonius (23431) Porocrinus pentagonius, Porocrinus smithi (23436 23445)
Blackriveran457.3 - 449.6USA (Tennessee) Carabocrinus sp. (195667) Carabocrinus sp., Porocrinus lebanonensis (195670) Palaeocrinus sulcatus (5328)
Blackriveran457.3 - 449.6USA (Minnesota) Porocrinus pentagonius (23399)
Blackriveran - Rocklandian457.3 - 449.6USA (Illinois, Iowa) Porocrinus pentagonius (23454)
Blackriveran - Rocklandian457.3 - 449.6USA (Minnesota) Carabocrinus sp., Porocrinus pentagonius, Porocrinus smithi (23400)
Kirkfieldian457.3 - 449.6USA (Illinois, Iowa) Carabocrinus dicyclicus, Carabocrinus magnificus, Porocrinus elegans, Porocrinus pentagonius (23460 23465)
Rocklandian - Kirkfieldian457.3 - 449.6USA (Illinois, Iowa) Carabocrinus dicyclicus, Carabocrinus magnificus, Porocrinus pentagonius (23457)
Rocklandian - Shermanian457.3 - 449.6USA (Minnesota) Carabocrinus dicyclicus, Carabocrinus magnificus, Porocrinus elegans, Porocrinus pentagonius (23402) Carabocrinus dicyclicus, Carabocrinus magnificus, Porocrinus pentagonius, Porocrinus elegans, Palaeocrinus angulatus (23394)
Shermanian457.3 - 449.6USA (Illinois) Carabocrinus oogyi (195615)
Shermanian457.3 - 449.6USA (Iowa, Illinois) Carabocrinus dicyclicus, Carabocrinus magnificus, Carabocrinus oogyi (23469) Carabocrinus sp. (23474)
Shermanian457.3 - 449.6USA (Illinois, Iowa) Carabocrinus dicyclicus, Carabocrinus magnificus (23472) Carabocrinus dicyclicus, Carabocrinus magnificus, Carabocrinus oogyi (23470 23471) Carabocrinus spp., Carabocrinus radiatus (23477 23481)
Shermanian457.3 - 449.6Canada (Ontario) Palaeocrinus pulchellus, Porocrinus conicus (26272)
Shermanian457.3 - 449.6USA (Minnesota) Carabocrinus dicyclicus, Carabocrinus magnificus, Carabocrinus oogyi (23403) Carabocrinus spp., Porocrinus pentagonius, Porocrinus sp., Carabocrinus radiatus (23404)
Trentonian457.3 - 449.6USA (Missouri) Carabocrinus sp., Porocrinus petersenae (13157)
Chatfieldian - Edenian453.8 - 450.2Canada (Nunavut) Carabocrinus sp. (24116)
Katian453.0 - 445.2Canada (Ontario) Carabocrinus sp. (228229) Carabocrinus vancortlandti (182454) Carabocrinus vancortlandti, Illemocrinus amphiatus, Porocrinus conicus (192275) Illemocrinus amphiatus, Carabocrinus radiatus (192276) Palaeocrinus pulchellus, Palaeocrinus rhombiferus, Dendrocrinus angulatus, Palaeocrinus angulatus, Porocrinus conicus, Carabocrinus radiatus (180117)
Katian453.0 - 445.2USA (Iowa) Carabocrinus sp., Porocrinus sp. (138446)
Katian453.0 - 445.2Canada (Quebec) Carabocrinus boltoni (202367 202369)
Edenian451.0 - 450.2USA (Minnesota) Carabocrinus sp., Porocrinus pentagonius, Porocrinus sp., Carabocrinus radiatus (23405)
Edenian451.0 - 450.2USA (Illinois, Iowa) Carabocrinus sp., Porocrinus pentagonius, Porocrinus sp., Carabocrinus radiatus (23490 23492)
Edenian - Maysvillian451.0 - 449.6USA (Illinois, Iowa) Carabocrinus slocomi, Porocrinus fayettensis (23521)
Edenian - Maysvillian451.0 - 449.6USA (Minnesota) Carabocrinus slocomi, Porocrinus fayettensis (23409)
Maysvillian450.2 - 449.6USA (Illinois, Iowa) Carabocrinus slocomi, Porocrinus fayettensis (23522 23524)
Maysvillian450.2 - 449.6USA (Minnesota) Carabocrinus slocomi, Porocrinus fayettensis (23410)
Maysvillian450.2 - 449.6USA (Iowa) Carabocrinus slocomi, Porocrinus fayettensis (26683) Carabocrinus sp., Porocrinus pentagonius, Carabocrinus radiatus (13156)
Richmondian449.6 - 445.5USA (Iowa) Carabocrinus slocomi, Porocrinus fayettensis (13200) Porocrinus crassus (13260)
Richmondian449.6 - 445.5USA (Illinois, Iowa) Carabocrinus slocomi, Porocrinus crassus (23534 23546)
Richmondian449.6 - 445.5Canada (Nunavut) Carabocrinus sp., Porocrinus shawi (24118)
Rawtheyan448.8 - 445.2United Kingdom (Scotland) Porocrinus scoticus (73134)