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Trematosauroidea
Taxonomy
Trematosauroidea was named by Watson (1919) [nom. transl. ex Trematosauridae Watson 1919]. It is not extant. Its type is Trematosaurus. It was considered monophyletic by Schoch (2013).
It was assigned to Stereospondylida by Kuhn (1971); to Temnospondyli by Carroll (1988); to Temnospondyli by Welles (1993); to Capitosauria by Schoch and Milner (2000); to Stereospondyli by Schoch (2008), Schoch (2011); and to Trematosauria by Yates and Warren (2000), Schoch (2013), Fortuny et al. (2017).
It was assigned to Stereospondylida by Kuhn (1971); to Temnospondyli by Carroll (1988); to Temnospondyli by Welles (1993); to Capitosauria by Schoch and Milner (2000); to Stereospondyli by Schoch (2008), Schoch (2011); and to Trematosauria by Yates and Warren (2000), Schoch (2013), Fortuny et al. (2017).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1882 | Gonioglyptus huxleyi Lydekker p. 26 |
1919 | Trematosauroidea Watson |
1969 | Indolyrocephalus Tripathi |
1969 | Indolyrocephalus panchetensis Tripathi |
1969 | Indolyrocephalus huxleyi Tripathi p. 144 |
1971 | Trematosauroidea Kuhn p. 8 |
1988 | Trematosauroidea Carroll |
1993 | Trematosauroidea Welles |
2000 | Trematosauroidea Schoch and Milner p. 95 |
2000 | Trematosauroidea Yates and Warren pp. 84, 99 fig. 1 |
2008 | Trematosauroidea Schoch |
2011 | Trematosauroidea Schoch p. 125 |
2013 | Trematosauroidea Schoch |
2017 | Trematosauroidea Fortuny et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Superfm. †Trematosauroidea Watson 1919
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Fm. †Almasauridae Dutuit 1972
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Invalid names: Latiscopus Wilson 1948 [nomen dubium], Latiscopus disjunctus Wilson 1948 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Metoposauridae Watson 1919
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G. †Anaschisma Branson 1905
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†Anaschisma browni Branson 1905
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Invalid names: Anaschisma brachygnatha Branson 1905 [synonym], Borborophagus wyomingensis Branson and Mehl 1929 [synonym], Koskinonodon perfectus Case 1922 [synonym]
Invalid names: Borborophagus Branson and Mehl 1929 [synonym], Buettneria Case 1922 [synonym], Koskinonodon Branson and Mehl 1929 [synonym]
G. †Bogdania Yang 1978
G. †Metoposaurus Lydekker 1890
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†Metoposaurus algarvensis Brusatte et al. 2015
†Metoposaurus azerouali Dutuit 1976
†Metoposaurus bakeri Case 1931
†Metoposaurus diagnosticus Meyer 1842
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†Metoposaurus diagnosticus diagnosticus Sulej 2002
Invalid names: Metopias santaecrucis Koken 1913 [synonym], Metopias stuttgartensis Fraas 1913 [synonym], Metoposaurus heimi Kuhn 1932 [synonym], Metoposaurus stuttgartiensis Fraas 1913 [synonym], Trigonosternum latum Schmidt 1931 [synonym]
†Metoposaurus krasiejowensis Brusatte et al. 2015
†Metoposaurus santaecrucis Koken 1913
†Metoposaurus ultimus Kuhn 1939
Invalid names: Metopias Meyer 1842 [replaced], Metoposaurus diagnosticus krasiejowensis Sulej 2002 [synonym]
G. †Trigonosternum Schmidt 1931
Invalid names: Dictyocephalus Leidy 1856 [nomen dubium], Eupelor Cope 1869 [nomen dubium], Mastodonsaurus durus Cope 1866 [nomen dubium], Metoposaurus fraasi Lucas 1904 [nomen dubium], Metoposaurus hoffmani Dutuit 1978 [nomen dubium], Metoposaurus jonesi Case 1920 [nomen dubium]
G. †Peltostega Wiman 1916
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G. †Thoosuchus Efremov 1940
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†Thoosuchus abbasovi Novikov 2021
†Thoosuchus acutirostris Hartmann-Weinberg and Kuzmin 1936
†Thoosuchus tardus Getmanov 1989
†Thoosuchus tuberculatus Getmanov 1989
†Thoosuchus yakovlevi Riabinin 1927
Fm. †Trematosauridae Watson 1919
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Subfm. †Lonchorhynchinae Säve-Söderbergh 1935
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G. †Aphaneramma Woodward 1904
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†Aphaneramma gavialimimus Fortuny et al. 2017
†Aphaneramma kokeni Huene 1920
Invalid names: Lonchorhynchus Wiman 1910 [synonym]
G. †Erythrobatrachus Cosgriff and Garbutt 1972
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†Erythrobatrachus noonkanbahensis Cosgriff and Garbutt 1972
Invalid names: Aphaneramminae Hammer 1987 [synonym], Denwasaurus Chatterjee and Hotton 1986 [nomen nudum], Glyptognathus Lydekker 1882 [nomen dubium], Glyptognathus fragilis Lydekker 1882 [nomen dubium], Gonioglyptus Huxley 1865 [nomen dubium], Gonioglyptus longirostris Huxley 1865 [nomen dubium], Panchetosaurus Tripathi 1969 [nomen dubium], Panchetosaurus panchetensis Tripathi 1969 [nomen dubium]
G. †Lyrocephalus Wiman 1914
G. †Prothoosuchus Getmanov 1989
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†Prothoosuchus blomi Getmanov 1989
†Prothoosuchus samariensis Getmanov 1989
G. †Tertremoides Lehman 1979
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†Tertremoides madagascariensis Lehman 1966
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Invalid names: Tertremoides ambilobensis Lehman 1979 [synonym]
Subfm. †Trematosaurinae Watson 1919
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G. †Microposaurus Haughton 1925
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†Microposaurus averyi Warren 2012
†Microposaurus casei Haughton 1925
G. †Trematosaurus Burmeister 1849
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†Trematosaurus brauni Burmeister 1849
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Invalid names: Labyrinthodon ocella Meyer 1855 [synonym], Trematosaurus fuchsi Seidlitz 1920 [synonym]
†Trematosaurus galae Novikov 2010
†Trematosaurus thuringiensis Werneburg 1993
Invalid names: Lyrocephalinae Säve-Söderbergh 1935 [empty], Thoosuchinae Getmanov 1989 [empty], Trematosaurus kannemeyeri Broom 1909 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Gonioglyptus huxleyi Lydekker 1882 [nomen dubium], Indolyrocephalus Tripathi 1969 [nomen dubium], Indolyrocephalus panchetensis Tripathi 1969 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: subo = suborder, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
References: Uhen 2004, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 |
Age range: base of the Buntsandstein to the top of the Albian or 259.51000 to 100.50000 Ma
Collections (293 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Buntsandstein | Germany (Bavaria) | Trematosaurus fuchsi (232276) | |
Induan | South Africa (Free State) | Lonchorhynchinae indet. (144333) | |
Induan | Pakistan (Azad Jammu & Kashmir) | Gonioglyptus kokeni (136568) | |
Induan | Australia (Queensland) | Tirraturhinus smisseni (94541) Trematosauridae indet. (85560) | |
Induan | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Trematotegmen otschevi (195805) | |
Induan | Greenland (Northeast Greenland National Park) | Lyrocephalinae indet. (143875) Stoschiosaurus new species?, Stoschiosaurus nielseni, Lyrocephalinae indet. (143870) | |
Induan - Smithian | Madagascar (Diana) | Aphaneramma sp. (144089) Ifasaurus elongatus (144087) Tertremoides ambilobensis (144090) Tertremoides madagascariensis, Aphaneramma gavialimimus (144100) Trematosaurus madagascariensis (144081) Wantzosaurus elongatus (144080) | |
Induan - Smithian | India (West Bengal) | Gonioglyptus longirostris, Indolyrocephalus panchetensis (175172) Gonioglyptus longirostris, Indolyrocephalus panchetensis, Gonioglyptus huxleyi, Glyptognathus fragilis, Panchetosaurus panchetensis (117188) Indolyrocephalus panchetensis (175173) | |
Early/Lower Triassic | Russian Federation (Samara) | Thoosuchus sp. (141240) | |
Early/Lower Triassic | Russian Federation (Ivanovo) | Lyrocephalus acutirostris (28467) | |
Induan - Olenekian | Australia (Western Australia) | Erythrobatrachus noonkanbahensis (136548) | |
Smithian | Russian Federation (Primorye) | Benthosphenus lozovskii (196094) | |
Smithian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Thoosuchus sp. (195850 195869 195875 195879 196037) Trematotegmen otschevi (196038) | |
Smithian | Svalbard and Jan Mayen | Aphaneramma rostratum (143886 144048) Aphaneramma rostratum, Peltostega wimani (120366) Aphaneramma rostratus, Lyrocephalus euri, Tertrema acuta (120232) Lonchorhynchus oebergi (120372 143892) Lyrocephalus euri (144043 211987) Lyrocephalus euri, Lonchorhynchus oebergi (120231) Lyrocephalus euri, Lonchorhynchus oebergi, Lonchorhynchus sp., Tertrema acuta (120230) Peltostega erici, Lyrocephalus euri, Lonchorhynchus oebergi, Aphaneramma rostratum, Platystega depressa (120228) Peltostega wimani (120298) | |
Smithian | Russian Federation (Samara) | Thoosuchus tardus (196086) | |
Olenekian | Russian Federation (Komi) | Trematosaurus sp. (85454) | |
Olenekian | Russian Federation (Arkhangelsk) | Thoosuchinae indet. (94238) | |
Olenekian | Russian Federation (Yaroslavl) | Thoosuchus yakovlevi (105043) | |
Olenekian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Trematosauridae indet. (145503) | |
Olenekian | Germany (Thüringen) | Trematosaurus thuringiensis (134516) | |
Olenekian | Russian Federation (Samara) | Prothoosuchus samariensis (192169) Thoosuchus sp. (196084) | |
Olenekian | Russian Federation (Vologda) | Thoosuchus sp. (28479) | |
Olenekian | Russian Federation (Volgograd) | Trematosaurus galae (27343) | |
Olenekian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Thoosuchus sp. (195831 195872 196029 196036) Thoosuchus sp., Prothoosuchus blomi (195797) Thoosuchus tuberculatus (195849) Trematosaurus sp. (195829 195843) | |
Olenekian - Anisian | Australia (Queensland) | Trematosauridae indet. (136402) | |
Spathian | Russian Federation (Samara) | Prothoosuchus sp. (196091) | |
Spathian | South Africa (Free State) | Trematosuchus sobeyi (144331) | |
Spathian | Russian Federation (Primorye) | Aphaneramma sp. (47280 47293) | |
Spathian | USA (Arizona) | Cosgriffius campi (95105) | |
Spathian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Trematosaurus sobeyi (144330) | |
Spathian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Trematosauridae indet. (195813) Trematosaurus sp. (196040 196059) | |
Spathian | Russian Federation (Astrakhan) | Inflectosaurus amplus, Parotosuchus bogdoanus (157208) | |
Spathian | Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) | Trematosaurus brauni (196668) | |
Spathian - Anisian | Algeria (Illizi) | Lonchorhynchinae indet. (107215) | |
Anisian | India | Lonchorhynchinae indet. (136646) | |
Anisian | Australia (New South Wales) | Microposaurus averyi (136481) | |
Anisian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Bukobaja sp. (189562) | |
Anisian | Jordan | Trematosauroidea indet. (118056) | |
Anisian | South Africa (Free State) | Microposaurus casei (144343) | |
Anisian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Microposaurus casei (144319 144344) | |
Pelsonian | Israel | Negevodus ramonensis (237234) | |
Ladinian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Bukobaja enigmatica (97411) Bukobaja sp. (97439) | |
Longobardian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Almasauridae indet., Bukobaja enigmatica (101873) Callistomordax kugleri, Trematolestes hagdorni (101875) Trematolestes hagdorni (106349 106352) | |
Julian | Austria (Lower Austria) | Metoposaurus santaecrucis (197689) | |
Carnian | Morocco (Marrakech-Safi) | Metoposauridae indet., Almasaurus habbazi (94786) Metoposaurus azerouali (222689) Metoposaurus lyazidi (58618) Metoposaurus ouazzoui (222690) | |
Carnian | India (Madhya Pradesh) | Metoposaurus sp. (207798 207799) Temnospondyli indet. (94787) | |
Carnian | USA (Wyoming) | Anaschisma browni, Anaschisma brachygnatha (91900) Anaschisma sp. (91569) Anaschisma sp., Koskinonodon sp., Koskinonodon princeps (91532) Borborophagus sp. (91571) Borborophagus wyomingensis (91566 91568) Koskinonodon sp. (91567) Metoposauridae indet. (107395) | |
Carnian | Italy (Bolzano) | Metoposaurus diagnosticus (106510) | |
Carnian | Germany (Bayern) | Metoposaurus heimi (97735 97736 97737 97738) Metoposaurus sp. (124374) | |
Carnian | USA (New Mexico) | Metoposauridae indet. (179085) Metoposauridae indet., Apachesaurus gregorii (83736) Metoposauridae indet., Metoposaurus fraasi (22718) | |
Carnian | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Stereospondyli indet. (107286) | |
Carnian | USA (Texas) | Apachesaurus gregorii, Metoposaurus sp. (84271) | |
Carnian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Metopias diagnosticus (97870) Metopias stuttgartensis (106462) Metoposaurus diagnosticus (106458 106461 106463 106997) Metoposaurus diagnosticus, Hyperokynodon keuperinus (106459) | |
Carnian | Zimbabwe (Mashonaland West) | Metoposauridae indet. (220715) | |
Carnian - Norian | USA (Utah) | Metoposauridae indet. (196167) | |
Carnian - Norian | India (Andhra Pradesh) | Metoposauridae indet. (174080) Metoposaurus maleriensis (136899 136900 136901) | |
Carnian - Norian | India (Telangana) | Temnospondyli indet. (112285) | |
Carnian - Norian | Poland (Opole) | Metoposaurus diagnosticus (61448) | |
Carnian - Norian | India (Madhya Pradesh) | Metoposauridae indet. (218155) | |
Carnian - Norian | USA (Texas) | Apachesaurus gregorii, Buettneria perfecta (71982) Buettneria bakeri (12942 22666) Buettneria perfecta (71980) Buettneria sp. (22706 22707 98596) Buettneria sp., Metoposaurus jonesi (71976) Metoposauridae indet., Buettneria howardensis, Latiscopus disjunctus (22704) | |
Carnian - Norian | Portugal (Algarve) | Metoposauridae indet. (82902 82903) | |
Carnian - Rhaetian | Morocco (Marrakech) | Almasauridae indet. (34677) Metoposauridae indet. (34678) | |
Late/Upper Triassic | Madagascar (Toliara) | Metoposauridae indet., Metoposaurus hoffmani (106539) | |
Late/Upper Triassic | USA (Texas) | Metoposaurus sp., Metoposaurus perfecta (39671) | |
Tuvalian | USA (Oklahoma) | Buettneria sp. (94088) | |
Tuvalian | Poland (Opole) | Metoposaurus diagnosticus (61449) | |
Lacian - Alaunian | USA (New Mexico) | Apachesaurus sp. (92090) | |
Lacian - Sevatian | USA (New Mexico) | Buettneria sp. (62311) | |
Norian | USA (New Jersey) | Metoposauridae indet. (12856 92106) | |
Norian | USA (North Carolina) | Dictyocephalus elegans (99429) | |
Norian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Metoposaurus diagnosticus (106509) | |
Norian | USA (Texas) | Buettneria perfecta (94493) Metoposauridae indet. (13273 48424 196537 218143 218147) Metoposauridae indet., Metoposaurus bakeri (218126) Metoposaurus fraasi (84269) | |
Norian | USA (Arizona) | Anaschisma sp. (84263 84266) Apachesaurus gregorii (48421 48546 49500 92827 93415 93418 93423 93425 93443 93459) Apachesaurus gregorii, Buettneria perfecta (39160 52499 92826 93113 93135 93432 93541) Apachesaurus gregorii, Koskinonodon perfectus (92811) Apachesaurus sp. (92855) Buettneria perfecta (52500 52501 52502 57683 92322 92819 92821 92910 92911 92912 92913 92922 92928 92929 92933 93111 93112 93115 93116 93118 93123 93125 93131 93133 93227 93229 93230 93232 93351 93352 93354 93356 93357 93360 93361 93363 93364 93428 93430 93460 93473) Buettneria sp., Apachesaurus sp. (22705 92850 92856) Metoposauridae indet. (57685 57686 93438 93453 93470 93474 93551 223390) Metoposauridae indet., Apachesaurus gregorii, Buettneria perfecta (84264) Metoposauridae indet., Apachesaurus gregorii, Metoposaurus fraasi (48547) Metoposauridae indet., Buettneria perfecta (93569 93571) Metoposauridae indet., Metoposaurus sp. B (48423) Metoposaurus fraasi (84268 93542) Placerias gigas, Metoposaurus sp. (39219) | |
Norian | USA (Oklahoma) | Metoposauridae indet. (94096) | |
Norian | USA (New Mexico) | Anaschisma sp. (83739) Apachesaurus gregorii (93653 93671 94105) Apachesaurus sp. (179083) Apachesaurus sp., Apachesaurus gregorii (48516) Buettneria sp. (75657 75658 75659 75663 75668 80926) Eupelor sp. (57071) Metoposauridae indet. (75652 75655 75660 75661 75670 93565 93578 93584 93586 93608 93613 93615 93646 94089 94097 179082 179084 179598 223030) Metoposauridae indet., Apachesaurus sp. (93576 93579 93658) Metoposauridae indet., Apachesaurus sp., Anaschisma sp. (83738) Metoposauridae indet., Buettneria sp. (75651) Metoposauridae indet., Buettneria sp., Apachesaurus sp. (55248) Metoposauridae indet., Metoposaurus sp. (93611) Metoposaurus sp. (84272) Temnospondyli indet., Amphibia indet. (83737) | |
Norian | USA (Pennsylvania) | Buettneria perfecta (105836) Calamops paludosus (107422) Mastodonsaurus durus (107421) Metoposauridae indet. (59371) | |
Rhaetian | USA (Arizona) | Buettneria sp., Metoposaurus sp. (84009) Metoposaurus sp. (84014 84015) | |
Rhaetian | France (Lorraine) | Capitosauridae indet. (36106) | |
Rhaetian | Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) | Metoposauridae indet. (139488) Metoposaurus ultimus (139483) | |
Rhaetian | United Kingdom (Wales) | Trematosaurus sp. (72293) | |
Valanginian - Albian | China (Xinjiang) | Trematosauroidea indet. (89993) |