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Labyrinthodontia
Taxonomy
Labyrinthodontia was named by Owen (1859).
It was reranked as the suborder Labyrinthodontia by Cope (1875); it was synonymized subjectively with Apoecospondyli by Hay (1902); it was reranked as the unranked clade Labyrinthodontia by Säve-Söderbergh (1934); it was synonymized subjectively with Temnospondyli by Kuhn (1946); it was reranked as the superorder Labyrinthodontia by Romer (1947); it was reranked as the subclass Labyrinthodontia by Carroll (1967), Haubold (1971), Daly (1973), Haubold (1974), Carroll (1988), Murry (1989).
It was assigned to Amphibia by Owen (1859); to Reptilia by Owen (1860), Owen (1861); to Stegocephali by Cope (1875); to Batrachomorpha by Säve-Söderbergh (1934); to Apsidospondyli by Romer (1947); and to Amphibia by Lydekker (1889), Carroll (1967), Haubold (1971), Daly (1973), Haubold (1974), Carroll (1988), Murry (1989).
It was reranked as the suborder Labyrinthodontia by Cope (1875); it was synonymized subjectively with Apoecospondyli by Hay (1902); it was reranked as the unranked clade Labyrinthodontia by Säve-Söderbergh (1934); it was synonymized subjectively with Temnospondyli by Kuhn (1946); it was reranked as the superorder Labyrinthodontia by Romer (1947); it was reranked as the subclass Labyrinthodontia by Carroll (1967), Haubold (1971), Daly (1973), Haubold (1974), Carroll (1988), Murry (1989).
It was assigned to Amphibia by Owen (1859); to Reptilia by Owen (1860), Owen (1861); to Stegocephali by Cope (1875); to Batrachomorpha by Säve-Söderbergh (1934); to Apsidospondyli by Romer (1947); and to Amphibia by Lydekker (1889), Carroll (1967), Haubold (1971), Daly (1973), Haubold (1974), Carroll (1988), Murry (1989).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1859 | Labyrinthodontia Owen p. 134 |
| 1860 | Labyrinthodontia Owen p. 183 |
| 1861 | Labyrinthodontia Owen p. 206 |
| 1875 | Labyrinthodontia Cope p. 10 |
| 1889 | Labyrinthodontia Lydekker p. 1021 |
| 1934 | Labyrinthodontia Säve-Söderbergh p. 17 |
| 1947 | Labyrinthodontia Romer p. 310 |
| 1967 | Labyrinthodontia Carroll p. 113 |
| 1971 | Labyrinthodontia Haubold p. 13 |
| 1973 | Labyrinthodontia Daly p. 568 |
| 1974 | Labyrinthodontia Haubold p. 24 |
| 1988 | Labyrinthodontia Carroll |
| 1989 | Labyrinthodontia Murry p. 271 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Superor. †Labyrinthodontia Owen 1859
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G. †Chalcosaurus Meyer 1866
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†Chalcosaurus lukjanovae Ivakhnenko 1980
†Chalcosaurus rossicus Meyer 1866
G. †Corvipes Hitchcock 1858
G. †Triaenopus Hitchcock 1845
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†Triaenopus emmonsii Hitchcock 1841
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Invalid names: Sauroidichnites baileyi Hitchcock 1841 [synonym]
†Triaenopus leptodactylus Hitchcock 1858
†Triaenopus lulli Thorpe 1929
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| R. Owen 1860 | Head defended, as in the Ganocephala, by a continuous casque of externally sculptured and unusually hard and polished osseous plates, including the supplementary "post-orbital" and "super-temporal" bones, but leaving a " foramen parietale." Two occipital condyles. Vomer divided and dentigerous. Two nostrils. Vertebral bodies, as well as arches, ossified, biconcave. Pleurapophyses of the trunk, long and bent. Teeth rendered complex by undulation and side branches of the converging folds of cement, whence the name of the order. | |
| R. Owen 1861 | Head defended, as in the Ganocephala, by a continuous casque of externally sculptured and unusually hard and polished osseous plates, including the supplementary "post-orbital'' and "super-temporal" bones, but leaving a " foramen parietale." Two occipital condyles. Vomer divided aiid dentigerous. T\vo nostrils. Vertebral bodies, as well as arches, ossified, biconcave. Pleurapophyses of the trunk, long and bent. Teeth rendered complex by undulation and side branches of the converging folds of cement, whence the name of the order. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Uhen 2004, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range: base of the Sakmarian to the top of the Middle Albian or 293.52000 to 106.30000 Ma
Collections (16 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sakmarian | USA (Kansas) | Labyrinthodontia indet. (130829) | |
| Urzhumian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Chalcosaurus lukjanovae (85487) Chalcosaurus rossicus (87039) Lanthanosuchus lukjanovae (179656) | |
| Urzhumian - Early/Lower Severodvinian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Chalcosaurus lukjanovae (187190) Chalcosaurus sp. (187191) | |
| Anisian | Poland (Silesia) | Eupleurodus sulcatus (195571) | |
| Carnian - Norian | USA (Texas) | Labyrinthodontia indet. (207500) | |
| Norian | Switzerland (Schaffhausen) | Labyrinthodontia indet. (47803) | |
| Hettangian | USA (Connecticut) | Triaenopus lulli (51258) | |
| Hettangian | USA (Massachusetts) | Triaenopus sp. (52986) | |
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | USA (Connecticut) | Sauroidichnites baileyi, Sauroidichnites emmonsii (53023) Triaenopus baileyanus, Triaenopus emmonsianus (53000) | |
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | USA (Massachusetts) | Triaenopus leptodactylus (52996) | |
| Callovian | Kyrgyzstan (Jalal-Abad) | Labyrinthodontia indet. (37597) | |
| Early/Lower Albian - Middle Albian | Kyrgyzstan (Osh) | Labyrinthodontia indet. (92400) |