PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Cidaris

Echinoidea - Cidaroida - Cidaridae

Taxonomy

Cidaris was named by Leske (1778) [Sepkoski's age data: R]. It is extant. It is the type genus of Cidarina.

It was assigned to Cidaridae by Clark and Twitchell (1915), Kew (1920), Jackson (1937), Grant and Hertlein (1938), Cooke (1941), Cooke (1959); to Cidarinae by Fell (1966); and to Cidaroida by Sepkoski (2002).

Species

C. (Bramus), C. (Cidaris), C. (Protocidaris), C. (Vernius), C. admeto, C. alabamensis, C. alata, C. alpis, C. baculifera, C. bechei, C. blandis, C. bowerbankii, C. branneri, C. californicus, C. catenifera, C. cojimarensis, C. cornaliae, C. cubensis, C. curioni, C. dilleri, C. dixiensis, C. fasciculata, C. flexuosa (syn. C. brandis, C. mayeri), C. fumagalli, C. georgiana, C. grandaeva, C. guembeli, C. klipsteini, C. liagora, C. lorenzanus, C. loveni, C. martinezensis, C. mazzettii, C. merriami, C. modestus, C. moereus, C. mortoni, C. omboni, C. ordinatus, C. parastadifera, C. perdubius, C. perornata, C. plumasensis, C. pratti, C. remiger, C. roemeri (syn. C. tyrolensis, C. globifera), C. schlonbachi, C. serrifera, C. shastensis, C. sinaiensis, C. smithi, C. splendens, C. subnobilis, C. subnodosa, C. taylorensis, C. tehamaensis, C. texanus, C. thouarsii, C. tribuloides, C. tubuloides, C. vafellus, C. wahalakensis, Cidarites tribuloides

Species lacking formal opinion data

C. alataeformis, C. anhaltina, C. bermudezi, C. frequens, C. gattungae, C. gladius, C. guiaensis, C. lanceolata, C. melitensis, C. pretiosa, C. spendens, C. tehamensis

Synonyms

Cidarites was named by Lamarck (1816). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Cidaris by Fell (1966).

It was assigned to Echinoidea by Munster (1826).
Calocidaris was named by Clark (1907) [Sepkoski's age data: T Mi-m R Sepkoski's reference number: 709]. It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Cidaris by Grant and Hertlein (1938).

It was assigned to Cidarinae by Fell (1966); and to Cidaroida by Sepkoski (2002).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1778	Cidaris Leske p. 74
1816	Cidarites Lamarck
1826	Cidarites Munster
1907	Calocidaris Clark p. 211
1915	Cidaris Clark and Twitchell p. 23
1920	Cidaris Kew p. 52 figs. Plate 3, figure 4
1937	Cidaris Jackson p. 229
1938	Cidaris Grant and Hertlein p. 4
1941	Cidaris Cooke p. 5
1959	Cidaris Cooke p. 8
1966	Calocidaris Fell p. U333
1966	Cidaris Fell p. U331
2002	Calocidaris Sepkoski
2002	Cidaris Sepkoski

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
—	Ambulacraria
phylum	Echinodermata
subphylum	Eleutherozoa

Rank	Name	Author
—	Echinozoa	()
class	Echinoidea	()
subclass	Cidaroidea	(Claus 1880)
order	Cidaroida	()
superfamily	Cidaridea	Gray 1825
family	Cidaridae
genus	Cidaris	Leske 1778

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Cidaris Leske 1778

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Subg. †Cidaris (Bramus) de Gregorio 1930

†Cidaris (Bramus) pirillus de Gregorio 1930

†Cidaris (Bramus) simplex de Gregorio 1930

Subg. Cidaris (Cidaris) Leske 1778

Subg. †Cidaris (Protocidaris) de Gregorio 1930

†Cidaris (Protocidaris) bencontestus de Gregorio 1930

Subg. †Cidaris (Vernius) de Gregorio 1930

†Cidaris (Vernius) elaboratus de Gregorio 1930

†Cidaris admeto Braun 1841

†Cidaris alabamensis Morton 1846

†Cidaris alata Agassiz 1839

†Cidaris alpis Winckler 1861

†Cidaris baculifera Agassiz 1839

†Cidaris bechei Broderip 1835

†Cidaris blandis De Gregorio 1890

†Cidaris bowerbankii Forbes 1850

†Cidaris branneri Arnold 1908

†Cidaris californicus Clark 1893

†Cidaris catenifera Agassiz 1839

†Cidaris cojimarensis Lambert and Sanchez Roig 1926

†Cidaris cornaliae Stoppani 1857

†Cidaris cubensis Lambert 1925

†Cidaris curioni Stoppani 1857

†Cidaris dilleri Clark and Twitchell 1915

†Cidaris dixiensis Cragin 1893

†Cidaris fasciculata Klipstein 1843

†Cidaris flexuosa Münster 1841

Invalid names: Cidaris brandis Klipstein 1843 [synonym], Cidaris mayeri Klipstein 1843 [synonym]

†Cidaris fumagalli Stoppani 1865

†Cidaris georgiana Clark and Twitchell 1915

†Cidaris grandaeva Goldfuss 1874

†Cidaris guembeli von Wöhrmann 1889

†Cidaris klipsteini Desor 1848

†Cidaris liagora Münster 1841

†Cidaris lorenzanus Kew 1920

†Cidaris loveni Cotteau 1922

†Cidaris martinezensis Kew 1920

†Cidaris mazzettii Stefanini 1908

†Cidaris merriami Arnold 1908

†Cidaris modestus De Gregorio 1890

†Cidaris moereus De Gregoria 1890

†Cidaris mortoni Conrad 1850

†Cidaris omboni Stoppani 1857

†Cidaris ordinatus De Gregorio 1890

†Cidaris parastadifera Schafhautl 1865

†Cidaris perdubius De Gregorio 1890

†Cidaris perornata Forbes 1850

†Cidaris plumasensis Clark and Twitchell 1915

†Cidaris pratti Clark and Twitchell 1915

†Cidaris remiger Ponzi 1876

†Cidaris roemeri Wissmann 1841

Invalid names: Cidaris globifera Klipstein 1845 [synonym], Cidaris tyrolensis Desor 1855 [objective synonym]

†Cidaris schlonbachi Moesch 1867

†Cidaris serrifera Forbes 1850

†Cidaris shastensis Clark and Twitchell 1915

†Cidaris sinaiensis Fourtau 1921

†Cidaris smithi Clark and Twitchell 1915

†Cidaris splendens Morton 1841

†Cidaris subnobilis Münster 1841

†Cidaris subnodosa von Meyer 1851

†Cidaris taylorensis Clark 1893

†Cidaris tehamaensis Clark and Twitchell 1915

†Cidaris texanus Clark 1891

†Cidaris thouarsii Valencienncs 1846

†Cidaris tribuloides Lamarck 1816

Cidaris tubuloides de Lamarck 1816

†Cidaris vafellus de Loriol 1888

†Cidaris wahalakensis de Loriol 1887

†Eucidaris thouarsii galapagensis Döderlein 1887

Invalid names: Calocidaris Clark 1907 [synonym], Cidarites Lamarck 1816 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

high Mg calciteo

Ontogeny:

accretion, addition of partsp

Environment:

marineo

Locomotion:

slow-movingo

Life habit:

low-level epifaunalo

Diet:

grazero

Diet 2:

omnivoreo

Vision:

limitedc

Dispersal:

watero

Dispersal 2:

planktonico

Created:

2004-02-28 12:08:25

Modified:

2009-12-13 03:42:21

Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum

References: Aberhan 1992, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Wordian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 266.90000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 264.28 Ma

Collections (295 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Wordian	266.9 - 264.28	Italy	C. bencontestus, C. pirillus, C. elaboratus, C. simplex (233340)
Triassic	251.902 - 201.4	Hungary (Bakony)	C. alata, C. fasciculata (56068)
Aegean	247.2 - 242.0	France (Bas-Rhin)	C. grandaeva (206486 206488)
Anisian	247.2 - 242.0	Germany (Thuringia)	C. grandaeva (212635)
Anisian	247.2 - 242.0	Poland	C. grandavea, C. subnobilis (63538)
Anisian	247.2 - 242.0	Hungary (northeastern Hungary)	C. roemeri, C. gladius, C. palaformis, C. batheri, C. aggtelekensis, C. serraedentata, C. adunca, C. longispina, C. alutensis (56801)
Illyrian	247.2 - 242.0	Italy	C. roemeri (175096)
Illyrian	247.2 - 242.0	Germany (Baden-Württemberg)	C. sp. (67647)
Pelsonian	247.2 - 242.0	Italy (Vicentin)	C. lanceolata, C. grandaeva (87260)
Pelsonian	247.2 - 242.0	Germany	C. grandaeva (34703)
Pelsonian - Illyrian	247.2 - 242.0	China (Guizhou)	C. bangtoupoensis, C. fangchui, C. gu, C. lineola, C. venustespinosa (31631 31632) C. bangtoupoensis, C. fangchui, C. gu, C. lineola, C. wachanpoensis (31628) C. bangtoupoensis, C. lineola (31627) C. bangtoupoensis, C. lineola, C. venustespinosa (31619 31625) C. bangtoupoensis, C. lineola, C. venustespinosa, C. wachangpoensis (31623) C. lineola (31611 31612 31613 31616 31617) C. lineola, C. venustespinosa (31622 31624) C. wachangpoensis (31629)
Middle Triassic	247.2 - 237.0	Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt)	C. subnodosa (201970)
Middle Triassic	247.2 - 237.0	Italy (Trento)	C. sp. (202272)
Ladinian	242.0 - 237.0	Spain	C. longispina, C. roemeri (73477)
Ladinian	242.0 - 237.0	Svalbard and Jan Mayen	C. sp. (212183 212198)
Ladinian	242.0 - 237.0	Germany	C. sp. (67652)
Longobardian	242.0 - 235.0	Italy (Trentino)	C. sp., C. trigonia, C. alata, C. roemeri, C. klipsteini (44953)
Ladinian - Carnian	242.0 - 228.0	Italy (Trento)	C. sp. (202270)
Carnian	237.0 - 228.0	Austria (Tyrol)	C. parastadifera (202331)
Carnian	237.0 - 228.0	Italy (Venezia)	C. leonardi, C. sp., C. trigonata, C. buchi, C. verticellata, C. liagora, C. subnobilis, C. alata, C. roemeri (56706)