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Dinophyceae
Taxonomy
Dinophyceae was named by Fritsch and West (1927). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Fritsch and West (1927).
It was assigned to Dinoflagellata by Fritsch and West (1927), Guler et al. (2005), González Estebenet and Guler (2023).
It was assigned to Dinoflagellata by Fritsch and West (1927), Guler et al. (2005), González Estebenet and Guler (2023).
Subtaxa
Actiniscales, Actinotheca, Aiora, Algidasphaeridium, Anthatractus, Apteodinium, Arcticacysta, Aremoricanium, Belodinium, Bicarinellum, Broomea, Calcicarpinium, Calcigonellum, Calciogranellum, Calcipterellum, Calcisphaerellum, Caligodinium, Cantulodinium, Ceratocoryaceae, Chiropteridium, Cryptarchaeodinium, Cymatiogalea, Danea, Diconodinium, Dictyopyxidia (syn. Dictyopyxis), Diornatosphaera, Diplotesta, Disconodinium, Distatodinium, Dollidinium, Downiesphaeridium, Echinidinium, Endoceratium, Eodinia, Evansia, Exochosphaeridium, Favilarnax, Galea, Gillinia, Gonyaulacales, Gymnodinium, Heliodinium, Heteraulacacysta, Heterocapsaceae, Histiophora, Horologinella, Hystrichokibotium, Hystrichosphaeropsis, Invertocysta, Kofoidopsis, Komewuia, Lecaniellaceae, Lithodinia, Lithoperidinium, Membranophoridium, Millioudodinium, Multiplicisphaeridium, Nannoceratopsiaceae, Nannoceratopsiella, Nelsoniella, Odontochitinopsis, Oodnadattia, Ovoidinium, Palaeoglenodinium, Palaeoperidinioideae, Palaeotetradinium, Paleopedicystus, Palmnickia, Pareodiniaceae, Pentafidia, Peridiniales, Peridinites, Phanerodinium, Polyedryxium, Polykrikaceae, Polystephanephorus, Polystephanosphaera, Priscogalea, Prolixosphaeridium, Pseudodeflandrea, Ptychodiscales, Pulvinosphaeridium, Raphidodinium, Rottnestia, Samlandia, Scriniocassis, Spherites, Stephanelytron, Suessia, Taeniophora, Teneridinium, Tenua, Ternia, Thoracosphaerales, Toolongia, Triblastula, Trichodinium, Valvaeodinium, Vulcanisphaera, Wallodinium, Wetzeliella, Wetzelodinium, Xenicodinium, Xenikoon
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1927 | Dinophyceae Fritsch and West |
| 2005 | Dinophyceae Guler et al. p. 420 |
| 2023 | Dinophyceae González Estebenet and Guler p. 512 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Cl. Dinophyceae Fritsch and West 1927
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Or. Actiniscales Sournia 1984
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Fm. Actiniscaceae Kützing 1844
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G. Actiniscus Ehrenberg 1843
G. Cinctactiniscus Dumitrică 1973
G. Foliactiniscus Dumitrică 1973
G. †Algidasphaeridium Matsuoka and Bujak 1988
G. †Apteodinium Eisenack 1958
+
†Apteodinium conjunctum Eisenack and Cookson 1960
†Apteodinium deflandrei Clarke and Verdier 1967
†Apteodinium granulatum Eisenack 1958
†Apteodinium maculatum Eisenack and Cookson 1960
†Apteodinium palliatum Stevens 1987
G. Arcticacysta Sangiorgi et al. 2009
G. †Belodinium Cookson and Eisenack 1960
+
†Belodinium dysculum Cookson and Eisenack 1960
†Belodinium nereidis Stevens and Helby 1987
G. †Broomea Cookson and Eisenack 1958
+
†Broomea ramosa Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Broomea simplex Cookson and Eisenack 1958
G. †Caligodinium Drugg 1970
+
†Caligodinium aceras Manum and Cookson 1964
†Caligodinium perforatum Guler et al. 2005
G. †Diconodinium Eisenack and Cookson 1960
+
†Diconodinium acutum Jain and Millepied 1971
†Diconodinium arcticum Manum and Cookson 1964
†Diconodinium cristatum Cookson and Eisenack 1974
†Diconodinium davidii Morgan 1975
†Diconodinium lurense Guerstein 2005
†Diconodinium multispinum Eisenack and Cookson 1960
†Diconodinium paucigranulatum Burger 1980
†Diconodinium pelliferum Eisenack and Cookson 1960
†Diconodinium psilatum Morgan 1977
†Diconodinium pusillum Singh 1971
G. †Dictyopyxidia Eisenack 1961
+
†Dictyopyxidia areolata Cookson and Eisenack 1960
Invalid names: Dictyopyxis Cookson and Eisenack 1960 [replaced]
G. Distatodinium Eaton 1976
G. †Dollidinium Helby and Stover 1987
G. †Downiesphaeridium Islam 1993
+
†Downiesphaeridium aciculare Islam 1993
†Downiesphaeridium armatum Islam 1993
†Downiesphaeridium spinulastrum Islam 1993
G. Echinidinium Zonneveld 1997
G. †Endoceratium Vozzhennikova 1967
+
†Endoceratium exquisitum Morgan 1980
†Endoceratium ludbrookiae Loeblich Jr and Loebich 1966
†Endoceratium turneri Stover and Evitt 1978
G. †Exochosphaeridium Davey 1966
+
†Exochosphaeridium arnace Davey and Verdier 1976
†Exochosphaeridium bifidum Davey 1969
†Exochosphaeridium muelleri Hyesu 1981
†Exochosphaeridium phragmites Davey 1966
†Exochosphaeridium robustum Blackhouse 1988
†Exochosphaeridium sciutum Singh 1971
†Exochosphaeridium truncatum Davey 1969
Or. †Gonyaulacales Taylor 1980
+
Fm. †Areoligeraceae Evitt 1963
+
G. †Adnatosphaeridium Williams and Downie 1966
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†Adnatosphaeridium filiferum Williams and Downie 1969
†Adnatosphaeridium multispinosum Williams and Downie 1966
G. †Areoligera Lejeune-Carpentier 1938
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†Areoligera coronata Lejeune-Carpentier 1938
†Areoligera senonensis Lejeune-Carpentier 1938
†Areoligera volata Drugg 1967
G. †Canningia Cookson and Eisenack 1960
+
†Canningia colliveri Cookson and Eisenack 1960
†Canningia collivieri Cookson and Eisenak 1960
†Canningia minor Cookson and Hughes 1964
†Canningia minor psilata Burger 1980
†Canningia pistica Helby 1987
†Canningia reticulata Cookson and Eisenack 1960
†Canningia scabrosa Cookson and Eisenack 1970
†Canningia senonica Clarke and Verdier 1967
G. Cassidium Drugg 1967
G. †Circulodinium Alberti 1961
+
†Circulodinium brevispinatum Fauconnier 2004
†Circulodinium brevispinosum Jansonius 1986
†Circulodinium colliveri Helby 1986
†Circulodinium deflandrei Alberti 1961
†Circulodinium distinctum longispinatum Jansonius 1986
†Circulodinium hirtellum Alberti 1961
G. †Cyclonephelium Deflandre and Cookson 1955
+
†Cyclonephelium aerolatum Cookson and Eisenack 1960
†Cyclonephelium brevispinatum Below 1981
†Cyclonephelium chabaca Below 1981
†Cyclonephelium clathromarginatum Cookson and Eisenack 1962
†Cyclonephelium compactum Deflandre and Cookson 1955
†Cyclonephelium deconinckii Boltenhagen 1977
†Cyclonephelium densebarbatum Cookson and Eisenack 1960
†Cyclonephelium distinctum Deflandre and Cookson 1955
†Cyclonephelium eisenackii Davey 1969
†Cyclonephelium hughesii Clarke and Verdier 1967
†Cyclonephelium hystrix Davey 1978
†Cyclonephelium membraniphorum Cookson and Eisenack 1962
†Cyclonephelium vannophorum Davey 1969
G. †Glaphyrocysta Gerlach 1961
+
†Glaphyrocysta castelcasiensis Corradini 1973
†Glaphyrocysta texta Stover and Evitt 1978
†Glaphyrocysta wilsonii Kirsch 1991
G. †Senoniasphaera Clarke and Verdier 1967
+
†Senoniasphaera inornata Stover and Evitt 1978
†Senoniasphaera protrusa Clarke and Verdier 1967
†Senoniasphaera ptomatis Helby et al. 1987
†Senoniasphaera rotundata Clarke and Verdier 1967
†Senoniasphaera tabulata Helby 1987
G. †Balcattia Cookson and Eisenack 1974
G. †Batiacasphaera Drugg 1970
+
†Batiacasphaera angularis Stevens and Helby 1987
†Batiacasphaera asperata Backhouse 1987
†Batiacasphaera kekerengensis Schioler and Wilson 2004
†Batiacasphaera macrogranulata Morgan 1975
†Batiacasphaera norvickii Lentin and Williams 1989
†Batiacasphaera ovata Backhouse 1987
†Batiacasphaera reticulata Davey 1979
†Batiacasphaera scrobiculata Deflandre and Cookson 1955
†Batiacasphaera subtilis Stover and Helby 1987
G. †Bourkidinium Morgan 1975
+
†Bourkidinium cylindricum Dolding 1992
†Bourkidinium granulatum Morgan 1975
Fm. Ceratiaceae Lindemann 1928
+
G. †Aptea Eisenack 1958
+
†Aptea attadalica Cookson and Eisenak 1962
†Aptea polymorpha Eisenack 1958
G. †Muderongia Cookson and Eisenack 1958
+
†Muderongia australis Helby 1987
†Muderongia brachialis Ottone and Pérez 2002
†Muderongia endovata Riding et al. 2001
†Muderongia mcwhaei Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Muderongia neocomica Helby 1987
†Muderongia pariata Duxbury 1983
†Muderongia siciliana Torricelli 1997
†Muderongia simplex Alberti 1961
†Muderongia staurota Sarjeant 1966
†Muderongia testudinaria Burger 1980
†Muderongia tetracantha Alberti 1961
†Muderongia tomaszowensis Alberti 1961
G. †Odontochitina Deflandre 1935
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†Odontochitina costata Alberti 1961
†Odontochitina cribropoda Deflandre and Cookson 1955
†Odontochitina imparilis Jain and Khowaja-Ateequzzaman 1984
†Odontochitina indigena Marshall 1988
†Odontochitina operculata Deflandre 1935
†Odontochitina porifera Cookson 1956
†Odontochitina rhakodes Bint 1986
†Odontochitina singhii Morgan 1980
†Odontochitina spinosa Wilson 1984
G. †Phoberocysta Millioud 1969
+
†Phoberocysta burgeri Helby 1987
†Phoberocysta neocomica Millioud 1969
G. †Pseudoceratium Gocht 1957
+
†Pseudoceratium anaphrissum Bint 1986
†Pseudoceratium eisenackii Bint 1986
†Pseudoceratium exquisitum Helby 1987
†Pseudoceratium iehiense Helby 1987
†Pseudoceratium ludbrookiae Eisenack 1961
†Pseudoceratium pelliferum Gocht 1957
†Pseudoceratium polymorphum Eisenack 1958
†Pseudoceratium securigerum Bint 1986
†Pseudoceratium tetracanthum Gocht 1957
†Pseudoceratium turneri Cookson and Eisenack 1958
G. †Vesperopsis Bint 1986
G. †Xenascus Cookson and Eisenack
+
†Xenascus australensis Cookson and Eisenack 1969
†Xenascus australis Cookson and Eisenack 1960
†Xenascus ceratioides Lentin and Williams 1973
†Xenascus ghanaensis Masure et al. 1998
†Xenascus gochtii Stover and Evitt 1978
†Xenascus perforatum Lentin and Vozzhennikova 1990
†Xenascus plotei Below 1981
†Xenascus sarjeantii Stover and Evitt 1978
G. Cerebrocysta Bujak et al. 1980
G. †Chlamydophorella Cookson and Eisenack 1958
+
†Chlamydophorella discreta Clarke and Verdier 1967
†Chlamydophorella nyei Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Chlamydophorella wallala Cookson and Eisenack 1960
Fm. †Cladopyxiaceae Stein 1883
+
G. †Cladopyxidium McLean 1972
G. Enneadocysta Stover and Williams 1995
G. †Eocladopyxis Morgenroth 1966
G. Histiocysta Davey 1969
G. †Microdinium Cookson and Eisenack 1960
+
†Microdinium cassiculum Wilson 1984
†Microdinium crinitum Davey 1969
†Microdinium densigranulatum Lentin and Williams 1989
†Microdinium ornatum Cookson and Eisenack 1960
G. †Cleistosphaeridium Davey 1966
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†Cleistosphaeridium aciculare Davey 1969
†Cleistosphaeridium ancoriferum Davey et al. 1966
†Cleistosphaeridium armatum Davey 1969
†Cleistosphaeridium australe Burger 1980
†Cleistosphaeridium granulatum Burger 1980
†Cleistosphaeridium polypes Cookson and Eisenak 1962
G. †Dapsilidinium Bujak 1980
+
†Dapsilidinium ambiguum Wheeler and Sarjeant 1990
†Dapsilidinium duma Lentin and Williams 1985
†Dapsilidinium laminaspinosum Davey and Williams 1966
†Dapsilidinium pastielsii Bujak 1980
G. †Dingodinium Cookson and Eisenack 1958
+
†Dingodinium albertii Sarjeant 1966
†Dingodinium cerviculum Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Dingodinium jurassicum Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Dingodinium swanense Stover and Helby 1987
G. †Dissimulidinium May et al. 1987
G. †Epiplosphaera Klement 1960
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†Epiplosphaera bireticulata Klement 1960
†Epiplosphaera gochtii Brenner 1988
G. †Fusiformacysta Morgan 1975
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†Fusiformacysta salasii Morgan 1975
†Fusiformacysta tumida Backhouse 1988
G. †Gardodinium Alberti 1961
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†Gardodinium attenuatum Stover and Helby 1987
†Gardodinium eisenacki Alberti 1961
†Gardodinium lowii Blackhouse 1987
Fm. †Goniodomaceae Lindemann 1928
+
G. Alisocysta Stover and Evitt 1978
+
†Alisocysta circumtabulata Stover and EvitT 1978
†Alisocysta margarita Harland 1979
G. †Dinopterygium Deflandre 1935
+
†Dinopterygium cladoides Deflandre 1935
†Dinopterygium tuberculatum Stover and Evitt 1978
G. †Eisenackia Deflandre and Cookson 1955
+
†Eisenackia circumtabulata Drugg 1967
†Eisenackia crassitabulata Deflandre and Cookson 1955
G. †Geonettia De Verteuil and Norris 1996
G. †Homotryblium Davey and Williams 1966
G. †Hystrichosphaeridium Deflandre 1936
+
†Hystrichosphaeridium anthophorum Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Hystrichosphaeridium arundum Eisenack and Cookson 1960
†Hystrichosphaeridium assamicum Sah et al. 1970
†Hystrichosphaeridium cambayense Varma and Dangwal 1964
†Hystrichosphaeridium capitatum Cookson and Eisenack 1960
†Hystrichosphaeridium complex Deflandre 1946
†Hystrichosphaeridium dictyophorum Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Hystrichosphaeridium grandis Salujha et al. 1969
†Hystrichosphaeridium hirsutum Deflandre 1939
†Hystrichosphaeridium lateraliprocessum Srivastava and Banerjee 1969
†Hystrichosphaeridium mineralosum Varma and Dangwal 1964
†Hystrichosphaeridium pachydermum Cookson and Eisenack 1960
†Hystrichosphaeridium paracostatum Cookson and Eisenack 1974
†Hystrichosphaeridium parvispinum Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Hystrichosphaeridium perifurcatus Salujha et al. 1969
†Hystrichosphaeridium perplexum Varma and Dangwal 1964
†Hystrichosphaeridium ramuliferum Deflandre 1937
†Hystrichosphaeridium recurvatum Lejeune-Carpentier 1940
†Hystrichosphaeridium robustum Sah et al. 1970
†Hystrichosphaeridium salpingophorum Deflandre 1935
†Hystrichosphaeridium scaffoldii Baksi 1962
†Hystrichosphaeridium senii Srivastava and Banerjee 1969
†Hystrichosphaeridium siphoniphorum Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Hystrichosphaeridium sylheti Baksi 1962
†Hystrichosphaeridium tenuitubatum Marheinecke 1992
†Hystrichosphaeridium torynum Cookson and Eisenack 1960
†Hystrichosphaeridium transculentum Sah et al. 1970
†Hystrichosphaeridium truswelliae Wrenn and Hart 1988
†Hystrichosphaeridium tubiferum Deflandre 1837
†Hystrichosphaeridium tubiferum brevispinum Davey and Williams 1966
Fm. †Gonyaulacaceae Lindemann 1928
+
G. †Achomosphaera Evitt 1963
+
†Achomosphaera cambra Sah et al. 1970
†Achomosphaera convexa Sah et al. 1970
†Achomosphaera delicata Sah et al. 1970
†Achomosphaera globulata Sah et al. 1970
†Achomosphaera operculata Sah et al. 1970
†Achomosphaera ramulifera Deflandre 1937
†Achomosphaera robusta Sah et al. 1970
†Achomosphaera sagena Davey and Williams 1966
†Achomosphaera triangulata Davey and Williams 1969
†Achomosphaera valianta Sah et al. 1970
†Achomosphaera verdieri Below 1982
G. †Amiculosphaera Harland 1979
G. †Amphorosphaeridium Davey 1969
G. †Araneosphaera Eaton 1976
G. Areosphaeridium Eaton 1971
G. †Ataxiodinium Reid 1974
G. †Atlantodinium Zotto et al. 1987
G. Bitectatodinium Wilson 1973
G. †Cannosphaeropsis Wetzel 1933
+
†Cannosphaeropsis aemula Deflandre 1947
†Cannosphaeropsis aemula integra Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Cannosphaeropsis apiculata Cookson and Eisenack 1960
†Cannosphaeropsis fenestrata Deflandre and Cookson 1955
†Cannosphaeropsis filamentosa Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Cannosphaeropsis mirabilis Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Cannosphaeropsis utinensis Wetzel 1933
†Cannosphaeropsis utinensis filifera Cookson and Eisenack 1958
G. †Carduifolia Hovasse 1932
G. †Cassiculosphaeridia Davey 1969
+
†Cassiculosphaeridia delicata Stover and Helby 1987
†Cassiculosphaeridia magna Davey 1974
†Cassiculosphaeridia reticulata Davey 1974
G. †Cometodinium Deflandre and Courteville 1940
+
†Cometodinium comatum Srivastava 1984
†Cometodinium obscurum Deflandre and Courteville 1939
†Cometodinium whitei Deflandre and Courteville 1939
G. †Conneximura May 1980
G. †Cordosphaeridium Eisenack 1963
+
†Cordosphaeridium fibrospinosum Davey and Williams 1966
†Cordosphaeridium inodes Sarjeant 1981
†Cordosphaeridium varians May 1980
G. †Coronifera Cookson and Eisenack 1958
+
†Coronifera albertii Millioud 1969
†Coronifera kirae Prössl 1992
†Coronifera oceanica Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Coronifera striolata Stover and Evitt 1978
†Coronifera tubulosa Cookson and Eisenak 1974
G. Corrudinium Stover and Evitt 1978
G. †Cousteaudinium De Verteuil and Norris 1996
G. †Cribroperidinium Neale and Sarjeant 1962
+
†Cribroperidinium confossum Helenes 1984
†Cribroperidinium cooksoniae Norvick 1976
†Cribroperidinium edwardsii Davey 1969
†Cribroperidinium edwarsii Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Cribroperidinium graemei Williams et al. 1998
†Cribroperidinium muderongense Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Cribroperidinium orthoceras Davey 1969
†Cribroperidinium perforans Morgan 1980
†Cribroperidinium reticulatum Quattrocchio and Volkheimer 1985
†Cribroperidinium sepimentum Neale and Sarjeant 1962
G. †Ctenidodinium Deflandre 1939
+
†Ctenidodinium elegantulum Millioud 1969
†Ctenidodinium ornatum Deflandre 1938
†Ctenidodinium tenellum Deflandre 1938
G. †Cyclapophysis Benson 1976
G. †Dalella McMinn and Sun 1994
G. †Damassadinium Fensome et al. 1993
G. †Dissiliodinium Drugg 1978
+
†Dissiliodinium caddaense Stover and Helby 1987
†Dissiliodinium curiosum Burger and Sarjeant 1995
†Dissiliodinium giganteum Feist-Burkhardt 1990
†Dissiliodinium lobispinosum May 1987
G. Eatonicysta Stover and Evitt 1978
G. †Endoscrinium Klement 1960
+
†Endoscrinium campanula Gocht 1959
†Endoscrinium galeritum Deflandre 1938
†Endoscrinium luridum Gocht 1970
†Endoscrinium prolatum Lentin and Williams 1989
G. †Escharisphaeridia Erkmen and Sarjeant 1980
G. †Evittosphaerula Manum 1979
G. †Exiguisphaera Duxbury 1979
G. †Fibradinium Morgenroth 1968
+
†Fibradinium annetorpense Morgenroth 1968
†Fibradinium variculum Stover and Helby 1987
G. †Fibrocysta Stover and Evitt 1978
+
†Fibrocysta axialis Eisenack 1965
†Fibrocysta bipolaris Stover and Evitt 1978
†Fibrocysta radiata Stover and Evitt 1978
G. †Florentinia Davey and Verdier 1973
+
†Florentinia berran Below 1982
†Florentinia clavigera Davey and Verdier 1973
†Florentinia cooksoniae Singh 1971
†Florentinia deanei Davey and Williams 1966
†Florentinia ferox Duxbury 1980
†Florentinia laciniata Davey and Verdier 1973
†Florentinia mantellii Davey and Verdier 1973
†Florentinia radiculata Davey and Verdier 1973
†Florentinia resex Davey and Verdier 1976
G. †Galeacysta Corradini and Biffi 1988
G. †Gelatia Bujak 1984
Subfm. Gonyaulacoideae Lindemann 1928
+
G. †Spiniferites Mantell 1850
+
†Spiniferites bejuii Masure 1998
†Spiniferites chebca Lentin and Williams 1993
†Spiniferites cingulatus Sarjeant 1970
†Spiniferites cornutus Gerlach 1961
†Spiniferites dentatus Gocht 1959
†Spiniferites fluens Stover and Williams 1987
†Spiniferites hyalospinosus Stover and Williams 1987
†Spiniferites hyperacanthus Deflandre and Cookson 1955
†Spiniferites lenzii Below 1982
†Spiniferites mirabilis Sarjeant 1970
†Spiniferites multibrevis Below 1982
†Spiniferites pseudofurcatus Sarjeant 1970
†Spiniferites ramosus Lentin and Williams 1973
†Spiniferites tripus Singh 1983
G. †Gonyaulacysta Deflandre 1964
+
†Gonyaulacysta cassidata Eisenack and Cookson 1960
†Gonyaulacysta dualis Stover and Evitt 1978
†Gonyaulacysta fastigiata Duxbury 1977
†Gonyaulacysta helicoidea Eisenack and Cookson 1960
†Gonyaulacysta jurassica Deflandre 1964
†Gonyaulacysta nuciformis Deflandre 1939
†Gonyaulacysta palla Sarjeant 1966
G. †Gonyaulax Diesing 1866
+
†Gonyaulax ambigua Deflandre 1941
†Gonyaulax apionis Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Gonyaulax bulloidea Cookson and Eisenack 1960
†Gonyaulax clathrata Cookson and Eisenack 1960
†Gonyaulax diaphanis Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Gonyaulax edwardsi Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Gonyaulax eisenacki Deflandre 1938
†Gonyaulax eisenacki oligodentata Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Gonyaulax eumorpha Cookson and Eisenack 1960
†Gonyaulax hyalodermopsis Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Gonyaulax jurassica Deflandre 1938
†Gonyaulax muderongensis Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Gonyaulax perforans Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Gonyaulax scotti Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Gonyaulax serrata Cookson and Eisenack 1958
G. †Habibacysta Head et al. 1989
G. †Hafniasphaera Hansen 1977
+
†Hafniasphaera australis Guler et al. 2005
†Hafniasphaera delicata Fensome 2009
†Hafniasphaera fluens Hansen 1977
G. Hemiplacophora Cookson and Eisenack 1965
G. †Heterosphaeridium Cookson and Eisenack 1969
+
†Heterosphaeridium conjunctum Cookson and Eisenack 1968
†Heterosphaeridium dificile Ioannides 1986
†Heterosphaeridium heteracanthum Eisennack and Kjellström 1972
G. †Hystrichodinium Deflandre 1935
+
†Hystrichodinium amphiacanthum Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Hystrichodinium compactum Alberti 1961
†Hystrichodinium oligacanthum Deflandre and Cookson 1955
†Hystrichodinium pulchrum Deflandre 1935
†Hystrichodinium pulchrum densispinum Lentin and Williams 1973
†Hystrichodinium ramoides Alberti 1961
G. †Hystrichokolpoma Klumpp 1953
+
†Hystrichokolpoma bulbosum Morgenroth 1968
†Hystrichokolpoma cinctum Klumpp 1953
†Hystrichokolpoma proprium Foucher 2004
†Hystrichokolpoma rigaudiae Deflandre and Cookson 1955
G. †Hystrichosphaerina Alberti 1961
+
†Hystrichosphaerina schindewolfii Alberti 1961
†Hystrichosphaerina turonica Alberti 1961
G. †Impagidinium Stover and Evitt 1978
+
†Impagidinium celineae Jan du Chene 1988
†Impagidinium cristatum Lentin and Williams 1981
G. †Kallosphaeridium De Coninck 1969
+
†Kallosphaeridium coninckii Burger 1980
†Kallosphaeridium granulatum Norvick 1976
†Kallosphaeridium romaense Burger 1980
†Kallosphaeridium yorubaense Jan du Chene and Adediran 1985
G. †Kenleyia Cookson and Eisenak 1965
+
†Kenleyia lophophora Cookson and Eisenak 1965
†Kenleyia pachycerata Cookson and Eisenak 1965
G. †Kiokansium Below 1982
+
†Kiokansium polypes Below 1982
†Kiokansium unituberculatum Stover and Evitt 1978
G. †Kleithriasphaeridium Davey 1974
+
†Kleithriasphaeridium corrugatum Davey 1974
†Kleithriasphaeridium eoinodes Davey 1974
†Kleithriasphaeridium tubulosum Stover and Evitt 1978
G. †Lanternosphaeridium Morgenroth 1966
Subfm. †Leptodinioideae Fensome et al. 1993
+
G. †Amphorula Dodekova 1969
G. †Cernicysta Stover and Helby 1987
G. †Cymososphaeridium Davey 1982
G. †Egmontodinium Gitmez and Sarjeant 1972
+
†Egmontodinium polyplacophorum Gitmez and Sarjeant 1973
†Egmontodinium toryna Davey 1979
†Egmontodinium torynum Davey 1979
G. †Lanterna Dodekova 1969
G. †Omatia Cookson and Eisenack 1958
+
†Omatia montgomeryi Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Omatia pisciformis Cookson and Eisenack 1958
G. †Leptodinium Klement 1960
+
†Leptodinium ambiguum Helenes 1984
†Leptodinium asymmetricum Morgan 1980
†Leptodinium cancellatum Brideaux and McIntyre 1975
†Leptodinium eumorphum Sarjeant 1969
†Leptodinium flammeolum Morgan 1980
†Leptodinium mirabile Klement 1960
†Leptodinium ovum Sah et al. 1970
†Leptodinium posterosulcatum Snape 1992
†Leptodinium simplex Burger 1980
†Leptodinium subtile Klement 1960
G. Litosphaeridium Davey and Williams 1966
+
†Litosphaeridium arundum Davey 1979
†Litosphaeridium conispinum Davey and Verdier 1973
†Litosphaeridium fenestreconum May 1980
†Litosphaeridium siphoniphorum Davey and Williams 1966
G. Melitasphaeridium Harland et al. 1979
G. Nematosphaeropsis Deflandre and Cookson 1955
+
†Nematosphaeropsis balcombiana Deflandre and Cookson 1955
†Nematosphaeropsis densiradiata Stover and Evitt 1978
†Nematosphaeropsis rigida Wreen 1988
G. †Nexosispinum Davey 1979
G. Ochetodinium Damassa 1979
G. †Oligosphaeridium Davey and Williams 1966
+
†Oligosphaeridium albertense Davey and Williams 1969
†Oligosphaeridium albertenses Pocock 1962
†Oligosphaeridium anthophorum Cookson and Eisenak 1958
†Oligosphaeridium asterigerum Davey and Williams 1969
†Oligosphaeridium cephalum Sah et al. 1970
†Oligosphaeridium complex Davey and Williams 1966
†Oligosphaeridium dictyophorum Cookson and Eisenak 1958
†Oligosphaeridium dividuum Williams 1978
†Oligosphaeridium perforatum Gocht 1959
†Oligosphaeridium poculum Jain 1977
†Oligosphaeridium porosum Lentin and Williams 1981
†Oligosphaeridium pulcherrimum Davey and Williams 1966
†Oligosphaeridium pulcherrimun Davey and Williams 1966
†Oligosphaeridium totum Brideaux 1971
†Oligosphaeridium verrucosum Davey 1979
G. Operculodinium Wall 1967
+
†Operculodinium baculatum Yu Jingxian and Zhang Wangping 1980
†Operculodinium centrocarpum Wall 1967
†Operculodinium flucturum Davey 1969
†Operculodinium radiculatum Smith 1992
G. †Perisseiasphaeridium Davey and Williams 1966
+
†Perisseiasphaeridium inusitatum Stevens and Helby 1987
†Perisseiasphaeridium pannosum Davey and Williams 1966
G. †Pervosphaeridium Yun and Hyesu 1981
+
†Pervosphaeridium intervelum Kirsch 1991
†Pervosphaeridium monasteriense Hyesu 1981
†Pervosphaeridium pseudohystrichodinium Deflandre 1937
†Pervosphaeridium truncatum Below 1982
G. †Psaligonyaulax Sarjeant 1966
+
†Psaligonyaulax apatela Cookson and Eisenak 1960
†Psaligonyaulax deflandrei Sarjeant 1966
G. †Pterodinium Eisenack 1958
+
†Pterodinium aliferum Eisenack 1958
†Pterodinium cingulatum Below 1981
†Pterodinium cingulatum cingulatum Below 1981
†Pterodinium cornutum Cookson and Eisenack 1962
†Pterodinium cretaceum Slimani 2008
G. Pyxidinopsis Habib 1976
G. †Rhynchodiniopsis Deflandre 1935
+
†Rhynchodiniopsis aptiana Deflandre 1935
†Rhynchodiniopsis cladophora Below 1981
†Rhynchodiniopsis serrata Du Chene et al. 1985
G. †Saturnodinium Brinkhuis et al. 1992
G. †Scriniodinium Klement 1957
+
†Scriniodinium apatelum Cookson and Eisenack 1960
†Scriniodinium attadalense Eisenack 1967
†Scriniodinium ceratophorum Cookson and Eisenack 1960
†Scriniodinium crystallinum Klement 1960
†Scriniodinium dictyotum Cookson and Eisenack 1960
†Scriniodinium kempiae Stover and Helby 1987
†Scriniodinium luridum Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Scriniodinium playfordi Cookson and Eisenack 1960
G. †Sentusidinium Sarjeant and Stover 1978
+
†Sentusidinium aptiense Burger 1980
†Sentusidinium pilosum Ehrenberg 1854
G. †Systematophora Klement 1960
+
†Systematophora areolata Klement 1960
†Systematophora complicata Neale and Sarjeant 1962
†Systematophora palmula Davey 1982
†Systematophora penicillata Sarjeant 1980
†Systematophora silyba Davey 1979
†Systematophora valensii Sarjeant 1961
G. †Tubotuberella Vozzhennikova 1967
+
†Tubotuberella apatela Ioannides et al. 1977
†Tubotuberella missilis Stover and Helby 1987
†Tubotuberella vlamingii Blackhouse 1987
G. †Wanaea Cookson and Eisenack 1958
+
†Wanaea acollaris Dodekova 1975
†Wanaea clathrata Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Wanaea digitata Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Wanaea spectabilis Cookson and Eisenack 1958
Fm. Hystrichosphaeridiaceae Evitt 1963
+
G. †Conosphaeridium Cookson and Eisenack 1969
+
†Conosphaeridium striatoconum Cookson and Eisenack 1969
G. Hystrichostrogylon Agelopoulos 1964
G. Labyrinthodinium Piasecki 1980
G. Lophocysta Manum 1979
G. †Membranilarnacia Eisenack 1963
+
†Membranilarnacia angustivela Deflandre and Cookson 1955
†Membranilarnacia leptoderma Eisenack 1963
†Membranilarnacia picena Biffi and Manum 1988
†Membranilarnacia polycladiata Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Membranilarnacia tenella Morgenroth 1968
G. †Membranilarnax Wetzell 1933
+
†Membranilarnax leptoderma Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Membranilarnax pterospermoides Wetzel 1933
G. †Moorodinium Blackhouse 1988
G. †Papuadinium Davey 1988
G. †Paucisphaeridium Bujak et al. 1980
G. †Peridictyocysta Cookson and Eisenack 1974
+
†Peridictyocysta mirabilis Cookson and Eisenack 1974
Fm. †Shublikodiniaceae Wiggins 1973
+
G. †Rhaetogonyaulax Sarjeant 1966
+
†Rhaetogonyaulax rhaetica Below 1987
†Rhaetogonyaulax wigginsii Lentin and Williams 1989
G. †Tanyosphaeridium Davey and Williams 1966
+
†Tanyosphaeridium isocalamum Davey and Williams 1969
†Tanyosphaeridium isocalamus Cookson and Eisenak 1958
†Tanyosphaeridium magneticum Torricelli 2000
†Tanyosphaeridium salpinx Norvick 1976
†Tanyosphaeridium variecalamum Davey and Williams 1966
†Tanyosphaeridium xanthiopyxides Stover and Evitt 1978
G. †Tetrachacysta Blackhouse 1988
+
†Tetrachacysta allenii Blackhouse 1988
†Tetrachacysta spinosigibberosa Blackhouse 1988
G. †Valensiella Eisenack 1963
+
†Valensiella delicata Lentin and Williams 1993
†Valensiella griphus Norvick 1976
†Valensiella magna Courtinant 1989
†Valensiella ovulum Eisenack 1963
†Valensiella pygmaeus Lentin and Williams 1993
G. †Gymnodinium Stein 1898
+
†Gymnodinium attadalense Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Gymnodinium crystallinum Deflandre 1938
†Gymnodinium heterocostatum Deflandre 1935
†Gymnodinium luridum Deflandre 1939
†Gymnodinium nelsonense Cookson 1956
†Gymnodinium parvigranulatum Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Gymnodinium westralium Cookson and Eisenack 1958
Fm. †Heterocapsaceae Fensome 1993
+
G. †Horologinella Cookson and Eisenack 1962
+
†Horologinella apiculata Cookson and Eisenack 1962
†Horologinella lineata Cookson and Eisenack 1962
G. Invertocysta Edwards 1984
G. †Lithodinia Eisenack 1935
+
†Lithodinia bulloidea Gocht 1976
†Lithodinia diaphanus Williams et al. 1993
†Lithodinia jurassica Eisenack 1935
G. Millioudodinium Stover and Evitt 1978
Fm. †Nannoceratopsiaceae Gocht 1970
+
G. †Nannoceratopsis Deflandre 1939
+
†Nannoceratopsis pellucida Deflandre 1938
†Nannoceratopsis spiculata Stover 1966
G. †Nelsoniella Cookson and Eisenack 1960
+
†Nelsoniella aceras Cookson and Eisenack 1960
†Nelsoniella semireticulata Cookson and Eisenack 1960
†Nelsoniella tuberculata Cookson and Eisenack 1960
G. †Ovoidinium Davey 1970
+
†Ovoidinium cinctum Davey 1970
†Ovoidinium ovale Lentin and Williams 1976
Fm. †Palaeoperidinioideae Bujak and Davies 1983
+
G. †Palaeotetradinium Deflandre 1936
+
†Palaeotetradinium paucispinum Alberti 1961
†Palaeotetradinium silicorum Deflandre 1936
Fm. †Pareodiniaceae Gocht 1957
+
G. †Aprobolocysta Duxbury 1977
+
†Aprobolocysta alata Blackhouse 1987
†Aprobolocysta bipartita Blackhouse 1987
†Aprobolocysta galeata Blackhouse 1987
G. †Batioladinium Brideaux 1975
+
†Batioladinium jaegeri Brideaux 1975
†Batioladinium longicornutum Brideaux 1975
†Batioladinium micropodum Eisenack and Cookson 1960
†Batioladinium pomum Davey 1982
†Batioladinium radiculatum Davey 1982
†Batioladinium reticulatum Stover and Helby 1987
G. †Kalyptea Cookson and Eisenack 1960
+
†Kalyptea diceras Cookson and Eisenack 1960
†Kalyptea monoceras Cookson and Eisenack 1960
†Kalyptea wisemaniae Stover and Helby 1987
G. †Pareodinia Deflandre 1947
+
†Pareodinia aphelia Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Pareodinia ceratophora Deflandre 1947
G. †Pentafidia Blackhouse 1988
Or. Peridiniales Haeckel 1894
+
G. †Aireiana Cookson and Eisenack 1965
G. †Angustidinium Goodman and Evitt 1981
G. †Arachnodinium Wilson 1982
G. †Barssidinium Lentin et al. 1994
G. †Bitorus Keupp 1992
G. †Blysmatodinium McMinn 1992
Fm. †Deflandreaceae Eisenack 1954
+
G. †Abratopdinium Mao and Mohr 1992
G. †Kisselovia Vozzhennikova 1963
G. †Palaeocystodinium Alberti 1961
+
†Palaeocystodinium australinum Lentin and Williams 1976
†Palaeocystodinium golzowense Alberti 1961
†Palaeocystodinium granulatum Lentin and Williams 1976
†Palaeocystodinium lidiae Davey 1969
†Palaeocystodinium microgranulatum Jain and Millepied 1971
†Palaeocystodinium pilosum Guler 2005
†Palaeocystodinium punctatum Jain and Millepied 1971
†Palaeocystodinium rhomboides Lentin and Williams 1973
G. †Spinidinium Cookson and Eisenack 1962
+
†Spinidinium boydii Morgan 1975
†Spinidinium echinoideum Lentin and Williams 1976
†Spinidinium lanterna Cookson and Eisenack 1970
†Spinidinium macmurdoense Lentin and Williams 1976
†Spinidinium styloniferum Cookson and Eisenack 1962
G. Multispinula Bradford 1975
G. †Noricysta Bujak and Fisher 1976
G. †Octodinium Wrenn and Hart 1988
G. Pentapharsodinium Indelicato and Loeblich 1986
Fm. †Peridiniaceae Ehrenberg 1832
+
G. Alterbia Lentin and Williams 1976
G. †Alterbidinium Lentin and Williams 1985
+
†Alterbidinium acutulum Lentin and Williams 1985
†Alterbidinium minus Lentin and Williams 1985
†Alterbidinium varium Kirsch 1991
G. †Andalusiella Riegel 1974
+
†Andalusiella gabonensis Wrenn and Hart 1988
†Andalusiella guersteiniae Ottone 2018
†Andalusiella ivoirensis Masure 1996
†Andalusiella mauthei mauthei Riegel 1974
†Andalusiella rhomboides Lentin and Williams 1980
†Andalusiella spinosa Guler et al. 2005
G. †Ascodinium Cookson and Eisenack 1960
+
†Ascodinium acrophorum Cookson and Eisenack 1960
†Ascodinium ovale Cookson and Eisenack 1970
†Ascodinium scabrosum Cookson and Hughes 1964
†Ascodinium serratum Cookson and Eisenack 1960
G. †Astrocysta Davey 1970
+
†Astrocysta cretacea Davey 1970
Invalid names: Palaeoperidinium Deflandre 1934 [synonym]
G. Brigantedinium Reid 1977
G. †Cerodinium Vozzhennikova 1963
+
†Cerodinium albertii Lentin and Williams 1987
†Cerodinium diebelii Lentin and Williams 1987
†Cerodinium granulostriatum Lentin and Williams 1987
†Cerodinium leptodermum Lentin and Williams 1987
†Cerodinium medcalfi Lentin and Williams 1987
†Cerodinium obliquipes Deflandre and Cookson 1955
†Cerodinium striatum Lentin and Williams 1987
†Cerodinium subquadrum Corradini 1973
G. †Charlesdowniea Lentin and Vozzhennikova 1989
G. †Chatangiella Vozzhennikova 1967
+
†Chatangiella campbellensis Lentin and Williams 1976
†Chatangiella madura Lentin and Williams 1976
†Chatangiella multispinosa Lentin and Williams 1976
†Chatangiella packhamii Marshall 1990
†Chatangiella serratula Lentin and Williams 1976
†Chatangiella tripartita Lentin and Williams 1976
G. †Craspedodinium Cookson and Eisenak 1974
G. †Deflandrea Eisenack 1938
+
†Deflandrea acuminata Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Deflandrea antarctica Wilson 1967
†Deflandrea cincta Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Deflandrea galeata Lejeune-Carpentier 1942
†Deflandrea granulata Menéndez 1965
†Deflandrea korojonensis Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Deflandrea minor Alberti 1959
†Deflandrea parva Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Deflandrea pellucida Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Deflandrea phosphoritica Eisenack 1938
†Deflandrea serratula Cookson and Eisenack 1958
Invalid names: Senegalinium Jain and Millepied 1973 [synonym]
Subfm. †Deflandreoideae Bujak and Davies 1983
+
G. Eurydinium Stover and Evitt 1978
G. †Isabelidinium Lentin and Williams 1977
+
†Isabelidinium acuminatum Stover and Evitt 1978
†Isabelidinium amphiatum Lentin and Williams 1977
†Isabelidinium bakeri Lentin and Williams 1977
†Isabelidinium belfastense Lentin and Williams 1976
†Isabelidinium cooksoniae Lentin and Williams 1977
†Isabelidinium cretaceum Lentin and Williams 1977
†Isabelidinium glabrum Lentin and Williams 1977
†Isabelidinium korojonense Lentin and Williams 1977
†Isabelidinium microarmum Lentin and Williams 1977
†Isabelidinium papillum Sumner 1992
†Isabelidinium pellucidum Lentin and Williams 1977
†Isabelidinium ponticum Marshall 1988
†Isabelidinium thomasii Lentin and Williams 1976
G. †Dioxya Cookson and Eisenack 1958
+
†Dioxya armata Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Dioxya villosa Cookson and Eisenak 1958
G. †Epelidosphaeridia Davey 1969
G. †Eucladinium Stover and Evitt 1978
+
†Eucladinium gambangense Stover and Evitt 1978
†Eucladinium madurense Stover and Evitt 1978
†Eucladinium spinosissimum Stover and Evitt 1978
G. †Geiselodinium Krutzsch 1962
+
†Geiselodinium geiseltalense Krutzsch 1962
†Geiselodinium psilatum Jain and Millepied 1971
G. Glenodinium Ehrenberg 1836
G. †Heibergella Bujak and Fisher 1976
G. †Hexagonifera Cookson and Eisenack 1961
+
†Hexagonifera chlamydata Cookson and Eisenak 1962
†Hexagonifera glabra Cookson and Eisenack 1961
G. †Leberidocysta Stover and Evitt 1978
+
†Leberidocysta chlamydata Stover and Evitt 1978
†Leberidocysta defloccata Davey and Verdier 1973
†Leberidocysta pergamentacea Burger 1980
G. Lentinia Bujak et al. 1980
G. †Maduradinium Cookson and Eisenak 1970
G. †Manumiella Bujak and Davies 1983
+
†Manumiella bertodano Thorn 2009
†Manumiella complex Marenssi et al. 2004
†Manumiella conorata Bujak and Davies 1983
†Manumiella cretacea Bujak and Davies 1983
†Manumiella druggii Stover 1974
†Manumiella lata Bujak and Davies 1983
†Manumiella seelandica Bujak and Davies 1983
†Manumiella seymourensis Askin 1999
G. †Obliquipithonella Keupp and Mutterlose 1984
G. †Orthopithonella Keupp and Mutterlose 1984
G. †Palaeohystrichophora Deflandre 1935
+
†Palaeohystrichophora dispersa Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Palaeohystrichophora infusorioides Deflandre 1936
†Palaeohystrichophora isodiametrica Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Palaeohystrichophora pellifera Cookson and Eisenack 1958
G. Phthanoperidinium Drugg and Loeblich 1967
G. †Pithonella Lorenz 1902
G. Quinquecuspis Harland 1977
G. †Satyrodinium Lentin and Manum 1986
G. †Subtilisphaera Jain and Millepied 1971
+
†Subtilisphaera cheit Below 1981
†Subtilisphaera crassiangulosa Jain and Millepied 1971
†Subtilisphaera deformans Stover and Evitt 1978
†Subtilisphaera perlucida Jain and Millepied 1973
†Subtilisphaera pirnaensis Alberti 1959
†Subtilisphaera rotundata Jain and Millepied 1973
†Subtilisphaera scabrata Jain and Millepied 1971
†Subtilisphaera senegalensis Jain and Millepied 1971
†Subtilisphaera ventriosa Jain and Millepied 1971
†Subtilisphaera zawia Below 1981
G. †Talimudinium Mao and Norris 1988
G. Trinovantedinium Reid 1977
G. †Trithyrodinium Drugg
+
†Trithyrodinium druggii Stone 1973
†Trithyrodinium suspectum Davey 1969
†Trithyrodinium vermiculatum Lentin and Williams 1976
†Trithyrodinium verrucosum Heisecke 1970
G. Votadinium Reid 1977
G. Vozzhennikovia Lentin and Williams 1976
+
†Vozzhennikovia angulata Wilson 1988
†Vozzhennikovia apertura Lentin and Williams 1976
†Vozzhennikovia villosa Eisenack and Cookson 1960
G. Wilsonidium Lentin and Williams 1976
Fm. Protoperidiniaceae Bujak and Davies 1983
+
G. †Capillicysta Matsuoka et al. 1987
G. †Cristadinium Head et al. 1989
G. †Dissodium Abé 1941
G. †Erymnodinium Lentin et al. 1994
G. Islandinium Head et al. 2001
G. †Leipokatium Bradford 1975
G. †Lejeunecysta Artzner and Dörhöfer 1978
+
†Lejeunecysta cinctoria Lentin and Williams 1981
†Lejeunecysta communis Biffi and Grignani 1983
†Lejeunecysta globosa Biffi and Grignani 1983
†Lejeunecysta pulchra Biffi and Grignani 1983
G. †Phelodinium Stover and Evitt 1978
+
†Phelodinium africanum Biffi and Grignani 1983
†Phelodinium exilicornutum Smith 1992
†Phelodinium kozlowskii Lindgren 1984
†Phelodinium magnificum Stover and Evitt 1978
†Phelodinium nigericum Biffi and Grignani 1983
†Phelodinium tricuspe Wetzel 1933
G. Protoperidinium Bergh 1881
G. Selenopemphix Benedek 1972
+
†Selenopemphix crenata Matsuoka and Bujak 1988
†Selenopemphix dionaeacysta Head et al. 1989
†Selenopemphix nephroides Benedek 1972
†Selenopemphix warriensis Biffi and Grignani 1983
G. †Stelladinium Bradford 1975
G. †Sumatradinium Lentin and Williams 1976
G. †Xandarodinium Reid 1977
G. Zygabikodinium Loeblich 1970
G. Rhabdothorax Kamptner 1958
G. †Shublikodinium Wiggins 1973
G. †Stoveracysta Clowes 1985
G. †Susadinium Dorhofer and Davies 1980
G. †Polyedryxium Deunff 1954
+
†Polyedryxium deflandrei Deunff 1954
†Polyedryxium fragosulum Playford 1977
G. †Prolixosphaeridium Davey 1966
+
†Prolixosphaeridium capitatum Singh 1971
†Prolixosphaeridium conulum Davey 1969
†Prolixosphaeridium inequiornatum Stover and Helby 1987
†Prolixosphaeridium mixtispinosum Davey et al. 1969
†Prolixosphaeridium parvispinum Davey 1969
Or. †Ptychodiscales Fensome 1993
+
Fm. †Ptychodiscaceae Lemmermann 1899
+
G. †Alisogymnium Lentin and Vozzhennikova 1990
G. †Dinogymnium Evitt et al. 1967
+
†Dinogymnium acuminatum Evitt 1967
†Dinogymnium cretaceum Evitt 1967
†Dinogymnium denticulatum Evitt 1967
†Dinogymnium euclaense Cookson and Eisenack 1970
†Dinogymnium euclaensis Cookson and Eisenak 1960
†Dinogymnium nelsonense Evitt et al. 1967
†Dinogymnium vozzhennikovae Lentin and Vozzhennikova 1990
†Dinogymnium westralium Evitt 1967
G. †Rottnestia Cookson and Eisenack 1961
+
†Rottnestia borussica Cookson and Eisenack 1961
†Rottnestia wetzelii Deflandre 1937
G. †Stephanelytron Sarjeant 1961
+
†Stephanelytron redcliffense Sarjeant 1961
†Stephanelytron scarburghense Sarjeant 1961
G. †Tenua Eisenack 1958
+
†Tenua hystricella Eisenack 1958
†Tenua hystrix Eisenack 1958
†Tenua taugourdeaui Varma and Dangwal 1964
Or. Thoracosphaerales Tangen et al. 1982
+
G. †Trichodinium Eisenack and Cookson 1960
+
†Trichodinium castanea Clarke and Verdier 1967
+
†Trichodinium castanea bifurcatum Jan and Millepied 1975
†Trichodinium castanea bifidum Schrank 1987
†Trichodinium eisenackii Burger 1980
†Trichodinium intermedium Eisenack and Cookson 1960
†Trichodinium pellitum Eisenack and Cookson 1960
G. †Wallodinium Loeblich Jr and Loeblich 1968
+
†Wallodinium glaessneri Cookson and Eisenak 1960
†Wallodinium krutzschii Habib 1972
†Wallodinium luna Lentin and Williams 1973
†Wallodinium lunum Lentin and Williams 1973
G. †Wetzeliella Eisenack 1938
+
†Wetzeliella articulata Eisenack 1938
†Wetzeliella irregularis Cookson and Eisenack 1958
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
No ecological data are available
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Tremadoc to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 486.50000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 485.4 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 485.4 Ma
Collections (697 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cambrian | Finland (Soderfjarden) | Vulcanisphaera sp., Hystrichosphaeridium sp., Multiplicisphaeridium sp. (41196) | |
| Tremadoc | Spain (Zaragoza) | Cymatiogalea sp. (21074 21076) Vulcanisphaera sp., Cymatiogalea sp. (21073) | |
| Hunneberg | Russian Federation (St. Petersburg) | Cymatiogalea deunfii (191302) | |
| Arenig | Spain (Zaragoza) | Cymatiogalea sp. (21075) | |
| Ashgill | Canada (Quebec) | Multiplicisphaeridium bifurcatum, Multiplicisphaeridium irregulare (56000) | |
| Gamachian | Canada (Québec) | Multiplicisphaeridium denticulatum, Multiplicisphaeridium ravum, Multiplicisphaeridium birminghamensis, Multiplicisphaeridium sp. (24577) Multiplicisphaeridium sp. (24576) | |
| Rhuddanian - Aeronian | Norway | Multiplicisphaeridium cladum (2911 2912 2913) Multiplicisphaeridium irregulare, Multiplicisphaeridium cladum (2914) | |
| Alexandrian | Canada (Québec) | Multiplicisphaeridium arbusculiferum, Multiplicisphaeridium paraguaferum, Multiplicisphaeridium fermosum, Multiplicisphaeridium neahgae (24582) Multiplicisphaeridium lobeznum (24581) Multiplicisphaeridium visbyense (24579) | |
| Ludlow | Russian Federation (Siberia) | Multiplicisphaeridium bonitum (206346) | |
| Lochkovian | France (Finistere) | Polyedryxium simplex (6162) | |
| Famennian | USA (Ohio) | Multiplicisphaeridium anastomosis, Multiplicisphaeridium verrucarum (23340) | |
| Permian | Germany | Polyedryxium kraeuselianum, Polyedryxium sp. (23827) | |
| Leonardian - Zechstein | Canada (Alberta) | Palaeoperidinium sp. (31477) | |
| Griesbachian - Anisian | Canada (Alberta) | Palaeoperidinium sp., Multiplicisphaeridium deunffii (31478) | |
| Rhaetian | Netherlands | Rhaetogonyaulax sp. (137658) | |
| Rhaetian | France (Lorraine) | Rhaetogonyaulax rhaetica (36106) | |
| Toarcian | Serbia and Montenegro (Montenegro) | Nannoceratopsis gracilis (24568) | |
| Toarcian | Poland (Cracow) | Danea microphylla (24598) | |
| Early/Lower Bajocian | United Kingdom (England) | Dissiliodinium sp., Pareodinia ceratophora, Nannoceratopsis senex (38382) | |
| Late/Upper Bajocian | Russian Federation (Karachay-Cherkessia) | Batiacasphaera sp., Ctenidodinium sellwoodii, Ctenidodinium continuum, Endoscrinium luridum, Leptodinium sp., Meiourogonyaulax caytonensis, Meiourogonyaulax valensii, Meiourogonyaulax sp., Dissiliodinium sp., Pareodinia prolongata, Pareodinia halosa, Pareodinia ceratophora, Nannoceratopsis gracilis, Nannoceratopsis spiculata (198639) Batiacasphaera sp., Ctenidodinium sellwoodii, Meiourogonyaulax caytonensis, Meiourogonyaulax valensii, Dissiliodinium sp., Pareodinia ceratophora, Nannoceratopsis gracilis, Nannoceratopsis sp., Nannoceratopsis spiculata (198646) Batiacasphaera sp., Ellipsoidictyum cinctum, Chytroeisphaeridia chytroeides, Ctenidodinium sellwoodii, Wanaea acollaris, Endoscrinium galeritum, Meiourogonyaulax caytonensis, Meiourogonyaulax valensii, Dissiliodinium sp., Pareodinia halosa, Pareodinia ceratophora, Nannoceratopsis senex, Nannoceratopsis spiculata (198643) Ctenidodinium sellwoodii, Dissiliodinium sp., Tubotuberella spp., Pareodinia ceratophora, Nannoceratopsis spiculata (198681) Ctenidodinium sellwoodii, Kallosphaeridium hypornatum, Meiourogonyaulax valensii, Dissiliodinium sp., Tubotuberella spp., Pareodinia ceratophora, Nannoceratopsis sp., Nannoceratopsis spiculata (198645) Rhynchodiniopsis regalis, Ctenidodinium sellwoodii, Meiourogonyaulax valensii, Dissiliodinium sp., Tubotuberella spp., Kalyptea stegasta, Pareodinia ceratophora, Nannoceratopsis gracilis, Nannoceratopsis senex, Nannoceratopsis sp., Nannoceratopsis dictyambonis, Nannoceratopsis raunsgaardii, Nannoceratopsis spiculata (198674) Sentusidinium sp., Ctenidodinium continuum, Meiourogonyaulax caytonensis, Dissiliodinium sp., Pareodinia ceratophora, Nannoceratopsis gracilis, Nannoceratopsis sp., Nannoceratopsis dictyambonis, Nannoceratopsis spiculata (198680) Valensiella dictydia, Valensiella ovulum, Sentusidinium sp., Chytroeisphaeridia chytroeides, Ctenidodinium sellwoodii, Ctenidodinium ornatum, Gonyaulacysta pectinigera, Dissiliodinium sp., Pareodinia prolongata (198695) Valensiella ovulum, Batiacasphaera sp., Rhynchodiniopsis regalis, Sentusidinium sp., Chytroeisphaeridia chytroeides, Leptodinium sp., Meiourogonyaulax caytonensis, Meiourogonyaulax valensii, Meiourogonyaulax sp., Dissiliodinium sp., Pareodinia prolongata, Pareodinia ceratophora, Nannoceratopsis spiculata (198644) Valensiella ovulum, Sentusidinium sp., Ctenidodinium sellwoodii, Endoscrinium luridum, Meiourogonyaulax caytonensis, Meiourogonyaulax valensii, Dissiliodinium sp., Nannoceratopsis spiculata (198673) | |