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Campanulids

Angiospermae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2008Campanulids Taylor et al. p. 1030
2016Campanulids The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomPlantae
phylumSpermatophyta
classAngiospermae
—Mesangiosperms
—EudicotsDoyle and Hotton 1991
—CoreeudicotsThe Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2009
RankNameAuthor
—Superasterids
—Asterids
—Euasterids
—Campanulids
—Campanulids

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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Or. Apiales Nakai 1930
+
Fm. Apiaceae Lindley 1836
+
G. Astomaea Reichenbach 1837
G. Bupleurum Linnaeus 1753
+
Bupleurum angulosum Linnaeus 1753
Bupleurum difforme Linnaeus 1753
Bupleurum falcatum Linnaeus 1753
Bupleurum fruticosum Linnaeus 1753
Bupleurum longifolium Linnaeus 1753
Bupleurum odontites Linnaeus 1753
Bupleurum petraeum Linnaeus 1753
Bupleurum rigidum Linnaeus 1753
Bupleurum stellatum Linnaeus 1753
Bupleurum tenuissimum Linnaeus 1753
Bupleurum villosum Linnaeus 1753
G. Choritaenia Bentham 1867
G. Dichosciadium Domin 1908
G. Grafia Reichenbach 1837
G. Harperella Rose 1906
G. Komaroviopsis Doweld 2021
G. Lilaeopsis Greene 1891
G. Opopanax Koch 1824
G. Oreomyrrhis Endlicher 1839
G. Portenschlagiella Tutin 1967
G. Pseudocarum Norman 1924
G. Rupiphila Pimenov and Lavrova 1986
G. Sanicula Linnaeus 1753 [sanicle]
+
Sanicula canadensis Linnaeus 1753
Sanicula europaea Linnaeus 1753
Sanicula marilandica Linnaeus 1753
G. Sphaerosciadium Pimenov and Kljuykov 1981
G. Xatardia Meisner 1838
Invalid names: Umbelliferae de Jussieu [synonym]
Fm. Araliaceae Jussieu 1789
+
G. Aralia Linnaeus 1753 [spikenard]
+
†Aralia berberidifolia Lesquereux 1891
†Aralia brittoniana Berry 1903
Aralia chinensis Linnaeus 1753
†Aralia coloradensis Knowlton 1917
†Aralia concreta Lesquereux 1875
+
Invalid names: Aralia semiorbiculata Lesquereux 1875 [synonym]
†Aralia coriacea Velenovsky 1884
†Aralia cottondalensis Berry 1919
†Aralia dakotana Knowlton and Cockerell 1919
+
Invalid names: Aralia acerifolia Lesquereux 1883 [replaced]
Aralia digitata Roxburgh 1814
†Aralia dissecta Lesquereux 1883
†Aralia eutawensis Berry 1914
†Aralia formosa Heer 1869
†Aralia gracilis Lesquereux 1871
†Aralia groenlandica Heer 1882
†Aralia jorgenseni Heer 1883
†Aralia lasseniana Lesquereux 1888
†Aralia looziana Saporta and Marion 1878
Aralia macrophylla Lindley 1844
†Aralia masoni Lesquereux 1891
†Aralia mattewanensis Berry 1903
†Aralia nassauensis Hollick 1894
†Aralia newberryi Berry 1907
+
Invalid names: Aralia palmata Newberry 1895 [synonym]
†Aralia notata Lesquereux 1878
Aralia nudicaulis Linnaeus 1753
†Aralia patens Newberry 1895
†Aralia polymorpha Newberry 1895
†Aralia quinquepartita Lesquereux 1875
Aralia racemosa Linnaeus 1753
†Aralia radiata Lesquereux 1883
†Aralia ravniana Heer 1882
†Aralia rotundata Dawson 1885
†Aralia rotundiloba Newberry 1895
†Aralia saportana Lesquereux 1875
†Aralia serrata Knowlton 1917
†Aralia serrulata Knowlton 1899
Aralia spinosa Linnaeus 1753
†Aralia stratosa Zhu et al. 2015
†Aralia subemarginata Lesquereux 1883
†Aralia tenuinervis Lesquereux 1883
†Aralia towneri Lesquereux 1875
†Aralia triloba Newberry 1868
†Aralia veatchii Knowlton 1917
†Aralia vernonensis Fontaine 1905
†Aralia wardiana Knowlton and Cockerell 1919
+
Invalid names: Aralia digitata Ward 1885 [replaced]
†Aralia washingtoniana Berry 1910
†Aralia wellingtoniana Lesquereux 1891
+
Invalid names: Aralia concinna Newberry 1895 [synonym]
†Aralia westoni Dawson 1885
†Aralia wrightii Knowlton 1899
†Aralia zaddachi Heer 1869
G. †Araliacites Saporta 1865
+
†Araliacites cordatus Saporta 1865
G. †Araliaecarpum Menzel 1913
+
†Araliaecarpum tertiarium Menzel 1913
G. †Araliaephyllum Fontaine 1889
+
†Araliaephyllum crassinerve Fontaine 1889
+
Invalid names: Araliaephyllum acutilobum Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Araliaephyllum obtusilobum Fontaine 1889 [synonym]
†Araliaephyllum magnifolium Fontaine 1889
+
Invalid names: Aceriphyllum aralioides Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Araliaephyllum aceroides Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Hederaephyllum angulatum Fontaine 1889 [synonym]
G. †Aralianthea Massalongo 1893
+
†Aralianthea brongniarti Massalongo 1893
+
Invalid names: Fucoides obtusus Brongniart 1828 [replaced]
G. †Aralinium Platen 1908
+
†Aralinium excellens Platen 1908
†Aralinium lindgreni Platen 1907
†Aralinium multiradiatum Platen 1908
G. †Chondrophyllum Necker 1790
+
†Chondrophyllum obovatum Newberry 1895
G. †Cussoniphyllum Velenovsky 1889
+
†Cussoniphyllum partitum Velenovsky 1889
G. Hedera Linnaeus 1753 [ivy]
+
†Hedera auriculata Heer 1869
†Hedera bruneri Ward 1885
†Hedera cecilensis Berry 1910
†Hedera cretacea Lesquereux 1891
†Hedera decurrens Lesquereux 1891
Hedera helix Linnaeus 1753
†Hedera macclurii Heer 1868
†Hedera marginata Lesquereux 1883
†Hedera microphylla Lesquereux 1891
†Hedera minima Ward 1885
†Hedera obliqua Newberry 1891
†Hedera orbiculata Heer 1874
†Hedera ovalis Lesquereux 1874
†Hedera parvula Ward 1885
†Hedera platanoidea Lesquereux 1874
†Hedera primordialis Saporta 1879
Hedera quinquefolia Linnaeus 1753
†Hedera rotundifolia Knowlton 1918
†Hedera schimperi Lesquereux 1875
†Hedera simplex Hollick 1906
G. Heteropanax Seemann 1866
G. †Humboldtia Thiergart and Frantz 1963
+
†Humboldtia neyvelii Thiergart and Frantz 1963
G. Kalopanax Miquel 1863
G. Mackinlaya Mueller 1864
G. Oreopanax Decaisne and Planchon 1854
+
†Oreopanax minor Berry 1916
†Oreopanax oxfordensis Berry 1916
G. †Paleoaraliaceaepites Biswas 1962
+
G. Panax Linnaeus 1753 [ginseng]
+
†Panax andrewsii Cockerell 1908
†Panax cretacea Heer 1906
G. Polyscias Forster and Forster 1775
G. Schefflera Forster and Forster 1775
G. †Hederaephyllum Fontaine 1889
+
†Hederaephyllum crenulatum Fontaine 1889
+
Invalid names: Hederaephyllum dentatum Fontaine 1889 [synonym]
G. †Hederophyllum Velenovsky 1889
G. Hydrocotyle Linnaeus 1753 [water pennywort]
+
Hydrocotyle americana Linnaeus 1753
Hydrocotyle asiatica Linnaeus 1753
Hydrocotyle umbellata Linnaeus 1753
Hydrocotyle vulgaris Linnaeus 1753
G. †Hydrocotylophyllum Teixeira 1947
+
G. Oenanthe Linnaeus 1753 [water dropwort]
+
Oenanthe crocata Linnaeus 1753
Oenanthe fistulosa Linnaeus 1753
Oenanthe globulosa Linnaeus 1753
Oenanthe prolifera Linnaeus 1753
Fm. Pittosporaceae Brown 1814
+
G. †Billardierites Caspary 1882
+
G. Bursaria Cavanilles 1797
G. Pittosporum Banks 1788 [cheesewood]
+
G. Rhytidosporum von Mueller 1862
Invalid names: Griseliniaceae Forster and Forster 1839 [empty], Myodocarpaceae Doweld 2001 [empty], Pennantiaceae Agardh 1858 [empty], Torricelliaceae Hu 1934 [empty]
Or. Aquifoliales Senft 1856
+
Fm. †Aquifoliaceae Richard 1820
+
G. Ilex Linnaeus 1753 [holly]
+
†Ilex affinis Lesquereux 1871
†Ilex amboyensis Berry 1909
+
Invalid names: Ilex ovata Newberry 1896 [replaced]
Ilex aquifolium Linnaeus 1753
†Ilex armata Lesquereux 1891
Ilex asiatica Linnaeus 1753
†Ilex borealis Heer 1883
†Ilex calvertensis Berry 1916
Ilex cassine Linnaeus 1753
Ilex cornuta Lindley and Paxton 1851
Ilex cuneifolia Linnaeus 1753
†Ilex dakotensis Lesquereux 1891
Ilex dipyrena Wallich 1820
†Ilex dissimilis Lesquereux 1878
Ilex dodonaea Linnaeus 1753
†Ilex elongata Newberry 1895
†Ilex eolignitica Berry 1916
†Ilex florissantensis Knowlton and Cockerell 1919
+
Invalid names: Ilex microphylla Lesquereux 1883 [replaced]
Ilex glabra Gray 1856
†Ilex grandifolia Lesquereux 1883
†Ilex insignis Heer 1869
Ilex integrifolia Elliott 1850
†Ilex knightiaefolia Lesquereux 1883
+
Invalid names: Ilex rigida Kirchner 1898 [synonym]
†Ilex leonis Cockerell 1906
+
Invalid names: Ilex quercifolia Lesquereux 1883 [replaced]
†Ilex maculata Lesquereux 1883
†Ilex masoni Lesquereux 1891
Ilex microphylla Hooker 1862
†Ilex microphyllina Knowlton and Cockerell 1919
+
Invalid names: Ilex microphylla Newberry 1882 [replaced]
Ilex opaca Aiton 1789
†Ilex ovata Göppert 1852
†Ilex papillosa Lesquereux 1891
†Ilex prunifolia Lesquereux 1878
†Ilex pseudostenophylla Lesquereux 1883
Ilex quercifolia Meerburgh 1798
†Ilex scudderi Lesquereux 1891
†Ilex severnensis Berry 1911
†Ilex sphenophylla Heer 1873
†Ilex strangulata Lesquereux 1875
†Ilex subdenticulata Lesquereux 1873
Ilex verticillata Linnaeus 1753
†Ilex vomitoriafolia Berry 1916
Ilex wightiana Wallich 1856
†Ilex wyomingiana Lesquereux 1878
G. †Ilexpollenites Thiergart 1937
+
†Ilexpollenites clifdenensis McIntyre 1968
†Ilexpollenites ornus Sah and Dutta 1968
+
Invalid names: Tricolpopites aquifoliaceaeformis Biswas 1962 [synonym]
†Ilexpollenites salamanquensis Archangelsky and Zamaloa 1986
G. Irvingbaileya Howard 1943
Fm. Stemonuraceae Karehed 2001
+
G. Gomphandra Wallich 1836
+
†Gomphandra palaeocoriacea Prasad et al. 2017
Invalid names: Cardiopteridaceae von Blume 1847 [empty], Helwingiaceae Decne. 1836 [empty], Phyllonomaceae Small 1905 [empty]
Or. Asterales Link 1829
+
G. Argophyllum Forster and Forster 1775
Fm. Asteraceae Berchtold and Presl 1820 [daisy]
+
G. Achyranthemum Bergh 2019
G. Adenophyllum Persoon 1807 [dogweed]
G. Amboroa Cabrera 1956
G. Amphoricarpos Visiani 1844
G. Anaphalis de Candolle 1837 [pearly everlasting]
G. Anthemis Linnaeus 1753 [camomile]
+
Anthemis altissima Linnaeus 1753
Anthemis americana Linnaeus 1753
Anthemis arabica Linnaeus 1753
Anthemis arvensis Linnaeus 1753
Anthemis chia Linnaeus 1753
Anthemis cota Linnaeus 1753
Anthemis cotula Linnaeus 1753
Anthemis cretica Linnaeus 1753
Anthemis maritima Linnaeus 1753
Anthemis millefolia Linnaeus 1753
Anthemis mixta Linnaeus 1753
Anthemis nobilis Linnaeus 1753
Anthemis pyrethrum Linnaeus 1753
Anthemis repanda Linnaeus 1753
Anthemis tinctoria Linnaeus 1753
Anthemis tomentosa Linnaeus 1753
Anthemis valentina Linnaeus 1753
G. Artemisia Linnaeus 1753 [wormwood]
+
Artemisia abrotanum Linnaeus 1753
Artemisia absinthium Linnaeus 1753
Artemisia aethiopica Linnaeus 1753
Artemisia annua Linnaeus 1753
Artemisia caerulescens Linnaeus 1753
Artemisia campestris Linnaeus 1753
Artemisia chinensis Linnaeus 1753
Artemisia crithmifolia Linnaeus 1753
Artemisia dracunculus Linnaeus 1753
Artemisia integrifolia Linnaeus 1753
Artemisia maritima Linnaeus 1753
Artemisia minima Linnaeus 1753
Artemisia palustris Linnaeus 1753
Artemisia pontica Linnaeus 1753
Artemisia rupestris Linnaeus 1753
Artemisia santonicum Linnaeus 1753
Artemisia vulgaris Linnaeus 1753
G. †Asteracarpus Anzótegui and Herbst 2004
+
†Asteracarpus gomezbelloi Anzótegui and Herbst 2004
G. Blumea de Candolle 1833
G. Capelio Nordenstam 2002
G. Cassinia Brown 1817
G. Centaurea Linnaeus 1753 [starthistle]
+
Centaurea acaulis Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea alba Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea alpina Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea argentea Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea aspera Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea behen Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea calcitrapa Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea capillata Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea centaurium Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea centauroides Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea cineraria Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea collina Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea conifera Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea crocodylium Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea crucifolia Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea crupina Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea cyanus Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea eriophora Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea ficula Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea galactites Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea glastifolia Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea isnardi Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea jacea Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea lippii Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea melitensis Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea montana Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea moschata Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea muricata Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea napifolia Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea nigra Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea orientalis Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea paniculata Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea peregrina Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea phrygia Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea pullata Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea ragusina Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea rhapontica Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea romana Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea salmantica Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea scabiosa Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea sempervirens Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea seridis Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea sessiliflora Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea sibirica Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea solstitialis Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea sonchifolia Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea spinosa Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea splendens Linnaeus 1753
Centaurea stoebe Linnaeus 1753
G. Centratherum de Cassini 1817
G. Chardinia Desfontaines 1817
G. Chrysactinium Weddell 1857
G. Cirsium Miller 1758 [thistle]
G. Cnicus Linnaeus 1753
+
Cnicus benedictus Linnaeus 1753
Cnicus centauroides Linnaeus 1753
Cnicus oleraceus Linnaeus 1753
Cnicus spinosissimus Linnaeus 1753
Cnicus wallichii de Candolle 1838
G. †Compositoipollenites Potonié 1960
+
†Compositoipollenites indicus Mathur and Chopra 1987
†Compositoipollenites tarragoensis Truswell and Owens 1988
G. Crepis Linnaeus 1753 [hawksbeard]
+
Crepis alpina Linnaeus 1753
Crepis barbata Linnaeus 1753
Crepis biennis Linnaeus 1753
Crepis bursifolia Linnaeus 1753
Crepis foetida Linnaeus 1753
Crepis hirtum Linnaeus 1753
Crepis nudicaulis Linnaeus 1753
Crepis pulchra Linnaeus 1753
Crepis pygmaea Linnaeus 1753
Crepis rubra Linnaeus 1753
Crepis sibirica Linnaeus 1753
Crepis tectorum Linnaeus 1753
Crepis vesicaria Linnaeus 1753
G. Deinandra Greene 1897 [tarweed]
G. Dicoma de Cassini 1817
G. Dittrichia Greuter 1973
G. †Echitricolporites Hammen 1956
G. Emilia de Cassini 1817 [tasselflower]
G. Fenestrites Klaus 1953
G. Fulcaldea Poiret 1817
G. Galeomma Rauschert 1982
G. Glebianthemum Watson and Flores 2018
G. Heterolepis de Cassini 1820
G. †Hieracites Saporta 1861
+
†Hieracites salyorum Saporta 1861
G. Hofmeisteria Walpers 1846
G. Inula Linnaeus 1753
+
Inula britannica Linnaeus 1753
Inula cappa de Candolle 1836
Inula crithmoides Linnaeus 1753
Inula dysenterica Linnaeus 1753
Inula ensifolia Linnaeus 1753
Inula germanica Linnaeus 1753
Inula helenium Linnaeus 1753
Inula hirta Linnaeus 1753
Inula montana Linnaeus 1753
Inula oculuschristi Linnaeus 1753
Inula odora Linnaeus 1753
Inula provincialis Linnaeus 1753
Inula pulicaria Linnaeus 1753
Inula salicina Linnaeus 1753
G. Jaumea Persoon 1807
G. Leucactinia Rydberg 1915
G. Lomatozona Baker 1876
G. Lophiocirsium Del Guacchio et al. 2022
G. Lowryanthus Pruski 2014
G. Macvaughiella King and Robinson 1968
G. Nahuatlea Funk 2017
G. Oblivia Strother 1989
G. Pseudoglossanthis Poljakov 1967
G. †Raiguenrayun Barreda et al. 2012
+
†Raiguenrayun cura Barreda et al. 2012
G. Richterago Kuntze 1891
G. Roebuckiella Short 2015
G. Senecio Linnaeus 1753 [groundsel]
+
Senecio abrotanifolius Linnaeus 1753
Senecio aegyptius Linnaeus 1753
Senecio aureus Linnaeus 1753
Senecio byzantinus Linnaeus 1753
Senecio canadensis Linnaeus 1753
Senecio divaricatus Linnaeus 1753
Senecio elegans Linnaeus 1753
Senecio glaucus Linnaeus 1753
Senecio halimifolius Linnaeus 1753
Senecio hastatus Linnaeus 1753
Senecio hierarifolius Linnaeus 1753
Senecio ilicifolius Linnaeus 1753
Senecio incanus Linnaeus 1753
Senecio jacobaea Linnaeus 1753
Senecio lividus Linnaeus 1753
Senecio nemorensis Linnaeus 1753
Senecio paludosus Linnaeus 1753
Senecio pseudochina Linnaeus 1753
Senecio rigidus Linnaeus 1753
Senecio sarracenicus Linnaeus 1753
Senecio squalidus Linnaeus 1753
Senecio sylvaticus Linnaeus 1753
Senecio triflorus Linnaeus 1753
Senecio trilobus Linnaeus 1753
Senecio viscosus Linnaeus 1753
Senecio vulgaris Linnaeus 1753
G. Smallanthus Mackenzie 1933
G. Sonchus Linnaeus 1753 [sowthistle]
+
Sonchus alpinus Linnaeus 1753
Sonchus arvensis Linnaeus 1753
Sonchus canadensis Linnaeus 1753
Sonchus floridanus Linnaeus 1753
Sonchus oleraceus Linnaeus 1753
Sonchus palustris Linnaeus 1753
Sonchus sibiricus Linnaeus 1753
Sonchus tenerrimus Linnaeus 1753
G. Strotheria Turner 1972
G. Taraxacum Wiggers 1780 [dandelion]
G. Tenrhynea Hilliard and Burtt 1981
G. Triptilion Ruiz and Pavón 1794
G. †Tubulifloridites Potonie 1960
+
†Tubulifloridites kashmirensis Thiergart and Frantz 1962
†Tubulifloridites lilliei Farabee and Canright 1986
†Tubulifloridites minutus Regali et al. 1974
†Tubulifloridites simplis Martin 1973
†Tubulifloridites spinosus Van der Hammen 1956
G. Vernonia Schreber 1791 [ironweed]
+
†Vernonia palaeoarborea Antal and Awasthi 1993
G. Xanthium Linnaeus 1753 [cocklebur]
Invalid names: Cichorioideae Chevallier 1826 [empty], Compositae Giseke 1792 [synonym], Tubuliflorae [synonym]
Fm. Campanulaceae de Jussieu 1789
+
G. Campanula Linnaeus 1753 [bellflower]
+
Campanula americana Linnaeus 1753
Campanula bononiensis Linnaeus 1753
Campanula canariensis Linnaeus 1753
Campanula capensis Linnaeus 1753
Campanula cervicaria Linnaeus 1753
Campanula decurrens Linnaeus 1753
Campanula erinus Linnaeus 1753
Campanula fruticosa Linnaeus 1753
Campanula glomerata Linnaeus 1753
Campanula graminifolia Linnaeus 1753
Campanula hederacea Linnaeus 1753
Campanula hybrida Linnaeus 1753
Campanula laciniata Linnaeus 1753
Campanula latifolia Linnaeus 1753
Campanula lilifolia Linnaeus 1753
Campanula medium Linnaeus 1753
Campanula patula Linnaeus 1753
Campanula pentagonia Linnaeus 1753
Campanula perficifolia Linnaeus 1753
Campanula perfoliata Linnaeus 1753
Campanula pulla Linnaeus 1753
Campanula pyramidalis Linnaeus 1753
Campanula rapunculus Linnaeus 1753
Campanula rhomboidalis Linnaeus 1753
Campanula rotundifolia Linnaeus 1753
Campanula saxatilis Linnaeus 1753
Campanula sibirica Linnaeus 1753
Campanula speculum Linnaeus 1753
Campanula spicata Linnaeus 1753
Campanula thyrsoides Linnaeus 1753
Campanula trachelium Linnaeus 1753
Campanula uniflora Linnaeus 1753
G. Ruthiella Steenis 1965
Fm. †Goodeniaceae Brown 1810
+
G. †Poluspissusites Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
+
†Poluspissusites digitatus Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
†Poluspissusites puntensis Barreda 1997
Fm. †Menyanthaceae von Berchtold and Presl 1829
+
G. Liparophyllum Hooker 1847
G. Menyanthes Linnaeus 1753 [bogbean]
+
†Menyanthes coloradensis Cockerell 1908
Menyanthes indica Linnaeus 1753
Menyanthes nymphoides Linnaeus 1753
Menyanthes trifoliata Linnaeus 1753
G. Villarsia Ventenat 1803
Fm. †Stylidiaceae Brown 1810
+
G. Donatia Forster and Forster 1775
G. Stylidium Swartz 1805
Invalid names: Alseuosmiaceae Airy Shaw 1965 [empty], Argophyllaceae Takhtajan 1987 [empty], Calyceraceae Richard 1820 [empty], Donatiaceae Chandler [empty], Pentaphragmataceae Agardh 1858 [empty], Phellinaceae Takhtajan 1967 [empty], Rousseaceae de Candolle 1839 [empty]
Or. Bruniales Dumortier 1829
+
Invalid names: Bruniaceae von Berchtold and Presl 1825 [empty], Columelliaceae Don 1828 [empty]
Or. Dipsacales Berchtold and Presl 1820
+
Fm. Adoxaceae Meyer 1839 [moschatel]
+
G. Sambucus Linnaeus 1753 [elder]
+
†Sambucus alveolatisemina Huang et al. 2012
†Sambucus amabilis Cockerell 1910
Sambucus canadensis Linnaeus 1753
Sambucus ebulus Linnaeus 1753
†Sambucus ellisiae Cockerell 1913
†Sambucus mudensis Chandler 1963
†Sambucus newtoni Cockerell 1908
Sambucus nigra Linnaeus 1753
†Sambucus parvulus Chandler 1926
Sambucus racemosa Linnaeus 1753
Invalid names: Viburnaceae Raf [synonym]
Fm. Caprifoliaceae de Jussieu 1789 [honeysuckle]
+
G. Abelia Brown 1818
+
†Abelia palaeocenica Chandler 1961
G. Leycesteria Wallich 1824
+
Leycesteria formosa Wallich 1824
G. Lonicera Linnaeus 1753 [honeysuckle]
+
Lonicera alba Linnaeus 1753
Lonicera alpigena Linnaeus 1753
Lonicera caerulea Linnaeus 1753
Lonicera caprifolium Linnaeus 1753
Lonicera corymbosa Linnaeus 1753
Lonicera diervilla Linnaeus 1753
Lonicera hispida Pallas 1819
Lonicera japonica Thunberg 1784
Lonicera marilandica Linnaeus 1753
Lonicera nigra Linnaeus 1753
Lonicera parasitica Linnaeus 1753
Lonicera periclymenum Linnaeus 1753
Lonicera pyrenaica Linnaeus 1753
Lonicera sempervirens Linnaeus 1753
Lonicera tatarica Linnaeus 1753
Lonicera xylosteum Linnaeus 1753
G. †Patrinia Jussieu 1807
G. †Viburniphyllum Nathorst 1886
+
†Viburniphyllum giganteum Saporta 1868
G. †Viburnites Lesquereux 1892
+
†Viburnites crassus Lesquereux 1892
†Viburnites evansanus Ward 1894
†Viburnites masoni Lesquereux 1891
G. Viburnum Linnaeus 1753
+
Viburnum acerifolium Linnaeus 1753
†Viburnum anomalinervum Knowlton 1918
†Viburnum antiquum Newberry 1868
+
Invalid names: Viburnum tilioides Ward 1885 [synonym]
†Viburnum asperum Newberry 1868
†Viburnum bridgetonense Britton 1892
†Viburnum calgarianum Dawson 1885
†Viburnum castrae Knowlton and Cockerell 1919
+
Invalid names: Viburnum lanceolatum Newberry 1868 [replaced]
†Viburnum contortum Lesquereux 1872
†Viburnum crassum Knowlton 1918
†Viburnum dakotense Lesquereux 1883
Viburnum dentatum Linnaeus 1753
†Viburnum dentoni Lesquereux 1883
Viburnum dichotomum Buch-Ham 1825
†Viburnum ellsworthianum Lesquereux 1900
†Viburnum elongatum Ward 1885
†Viburnum erectum Ward 1885
†Viburnum finale Ward 1885
†Viburnum goldianum Lesquereux 1878
†Viburnum grandedentatum Newberry 1882
†Viburnum grewiopsideum Lesquereux 1891
†Viburnum hesperium Knowlton 1918
†Viburnum hollickii Berry 1903
†Viburnum inaequilaterale Lesquereux 1891
†Viburnum integrifolium Newberry 1894
†Viburnum lakesii Lesquereux 1873
Viburnum lantana Linnaeus 1753
Viburnum lentago Linnaeus 1753
†Viburnum lesquereuxii Ward 1891
†Viburnum limpidum Ward 1885
†Viburnum macrodontum Ward 1885
†Viburnum magnum Knowlton 1918
†Viburnum mattawanense Berry 1904
†Viburnum melaenum Knowlton and Cockerell 1919
+
Invalid names: Viburnum dichotomum Lesquereux 1872 [replaced]
Viburnum molle Michaux 1803
†Viburnum montanum Knowlton 1900
†Viburnum newberryanum Ward 1885
Viburnum nudum Linnaeus 1753
Viburnum opulus Linnaeus 1753
†Viburnum ovatum Penhallow 1902
†Viburnum oxycoccoides Dawson 1885
†Viburnum paucidentatum Newberry 1882
†Viburnum perfectum Ward 1885
†Viburnum perplexum Ward 1885
†Viburnum problematicum Knowlton 1900
Viburnum prunifolium Linnaeus 1753
Viburnum pubescens Pursh 1875
†Viburnum rhamnifolium Knowlton 1918
†Viburnum robustum Lesquereux 1891
†Viburnum rotundifolium Lesquereux 1874
†Viburnum saskatchuense Dawson 1887
†Viburnum simile Knowlton 1918
†Viburnum solitarium Lesquereux 1878
†Viburnum speciosum Knowlton 1918
†Viburnum sphenophyllum Knowlton 1891
Viburnum tinus Linnaeus 1753
†Viburnum variabilis MacGinitie 1941
†Viburnum vulpinum Knowlton 1916
†Viburnum whymperi Heer 1869
†Viburnum woottonianum Knowlton 1918
G. †Weigela Thunberg 1780
Fm. †Dipsacaceae de Jussieu
+
G. Dipsacus Linnaeus 1753 [teasel]
+
Dipsacus fullonum Linnaeus 1753
Dipsacus laciniatus Linnaeus 1753
Dipsacus pilosus Linnaeus 1753
Fm. Valerianaceae Batsch 1802
+
G. Valeriana Linnaeus 1753 [valerian]
+
Valeriana calcitrapa Linnaeus 1753
Valeriana celtica Linnaeus 1753
Valeriana chinensis Linnaeus 1753
Valeriana cornucopiae Linnaeus 1753
Valeriana dioica Linnaeus 1753
Valeriana locusta Linnaeus 1753
Valeriana mixta Linnaeus 1753
Valeriana montana Linnaeus 1753
Valeriana officinalis Linnaeus 1753
Valeriana phu Linnaeus 1753
Valeriana pyrenaica Linnaeus 1753
Valeriana rubra Linnaeus 1753
Valeriana saxatilis Linnaeus 1753
Valeriana sibirica Linnaeus 1753
Valeriana tripteris Linnaeus 1753
Valeriana tuberosa Linnaeus 1753
Invalid names: Morinaceae Rafinesque-Schmaltz [empty]
Or. Escalloniales Brown 1835
+
Fm. Escalloniaceae Brown 1829
+
G. Anopterus Labillardière 1805
G. Geissois Labillardière 1845
G. Polyosma Blume 1826
G. Quintinia Candolle 1830
+
†Quintinia tasmanensis Jordan 1997
Or. Paracryphiales Takhtajan 1992
+
Fm. †Paracryphiaceae Airy Shaw 1965
+
G. Sphenostemon Baillon 1875
Invalid names: Quintiniaceae [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Diet: "photoautotroph"p
Created: 2011-07-22 00:04:15
Modified: 2011-07-21 09:04:15
Source: p = phylum
Reference: Kiessling 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Albian to the top of the Holocene or 105.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 100.5 Ma

Collections (649 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Cretaceous145.0 - 100.5Canada (British Columbia) Aralia wellingtoniana (31384)
Early/Lower Cretaceous145.0 - 100.5USA (South Dakota) Viburnites Evansanus (34868)
Cretaceous145.0 - 66.0Argentina (Chubut) Araliaephyllum cachetamanense (153393)
Early/Lower Cretaceous - Late/Upper Cretaceous145.0 - 66.0Antarctica (Antarctic peninsula) Ilexpollenites indet. (172746)
Albian113.0 - 100.5USA (Kansas) Aralia newberryi (102722) Aralia polymorpha, Aralia ravniana (29018) Aralia ravniana (102992)
Albian113.0 - 100.5Canada (British Columbia) Araliaephyllum westoni (24892)
Albian113.0 - 100.5Canada (Alberta) Aralia sp. (24840) Araliaephyllum westoni (24838 24839 24842)
Albian - Cenomanian113.0 - 93.9Russian Federation Araliaephyllum dentatum (34627 34771 34800) Araliaephyllum medium (34792) Araliaephyllum sp. (34778)
Albian - Turonian113.0 - 89.8Australia (Victoria) Ilexpollenites indet. (163583)
Middle Albian - Late/Upper Albian109.0 - 99.6USA (Virginia) Aralia dubia, Platanophyllum crassinerve (106317)
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6USA (Montana) Aralia wellingtonia, Araliaephyllum westonii (31171) Araliaephyllum westonii (29138)
Late/Upper Albian - Cretaceous105.3 - 66.0Antarctica Araliaephyllum quinquelobatus (32472 32473) Hydrocotylophyllum alexandri (32471)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Utah) Ilex serrata (31968)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Canada (Alberta) Araliaephyllum groenlandica (31901)
Late/Upper Cretaceous100.5 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Aralia veatchii (31382) Araliaephyllum artocarpoides (34971) Viburnum montanum (34973)
Late/Upper Cretaceous - Early/Lower Paleocene100.5 - 61.7Argentina (Chubut) Tubulifloridites lilliei (195707)
Early/Lower Cenomanian - Cenomanian99.6 - 93.9Canada (British Columbia) Araliaephyllum rotundiloba (32030)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5USA (Wyoming) Aralia veatchii (31187)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Canada (British Columbia) Aralia parvidens (32026) Araliaephyllum rotundiloba (32027 32031 35005) Hedera cretacea (31887)
Middle Cenomanian - Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5USA (Utah) Ilex serrata (103148)