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Taxonomy
Canini was named by Fischer de Waldheim (1817).
It was assigned to Caninae by Berta (1984), Sotnikova (2006), Garrido and Arribas (2008), Wang et al. (2008), Tedford et al. (2009), Wang et al. (2015), Amri et al. (2017), Jiangzuo et al. (2018), Bartolini-Lucenti and Spassov (2022), Jiangzuo et al. (2022), Valenciano et al. (2022), Ruiz-Ramoni et al. (2022).
It was assigned to Caninae by Berta (1984), Sotnikova (2006), Garrido and Arribas (2008), Wang et al. (2008), Tedford et al. (2009), Wang et al. (2015), Amri et al. (2017), Jiangzuo et al. (2018), Bartolini-Lucenti and Spassov (2022), Jiangzuo et al. (2022), Valenciano et al. (2022), Ruiz-Ramoni et al. (2022).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1817 | Canini Fischer de Waldheim p. 77 |
| 1984 | Canini Berta |
| 2006 | Canini Sotnikova |
| 2008 | Canini Garrido and Arribas |
| 2008 | Canini Wang et al. |
| 2009 | Canini Tedford et al. p. 77 |
| 2015 | Canini Wang et al. |
| 2017 | Canini Amri et al. |
| 2018 | Canini Jiangzuo et al. p. 95 |
| 2022 | Canini Bartolini-Lucenti and Spassov |
| 2022 | Canini Jiangzuo et al. |
| 2022 | Canini Ruiz-Ramoni et al. p. 103 |
| 2022 | Canini Valenciano et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Tr. †Canini Fischer de Waldheim 1817
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Subtr. †Cerdocyonina Tedford et al. 2009
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G. Atelocynus Cabrera 1940 [short-eared dog]
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Atelocynus microtis Sclater 1883 [short-eared dog]
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Invalid names: Carcinocyon sclateri Allen 1905 [synonym]
G. Cerdocyon Hamilton-Smith 1839 [crab-eating fox]
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†Cerdocyon texanus Tedford et al. 2009
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Invalid names: Cerdocyon channingensis Torres and Ferrusquı 1981 [synonym]
Cerdocyon thous Linnaeus 1766 [crab eating fox]
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Invalid names: Canis azarae Wied 1824 [synonym], Canis brachyteles Blainville 1843 [synonym], Canis cancrivorus Brongniart 1792 [synonym], Canis entrerianus Burmeister 1861 [synonym], Canis melampus Wagner 1841 [synonym], Canis melanostomus Wagner 1843 [synonym], Canis robustior Lund 1843 [synonym], Canis rudis Günther 1879 [synonym], Cerdocyon apollinaris Allen 1918 [synonym], Cerdocyon guaraxa Hamilton Smith 1839 [synonym], Cerdocyon mimax Thomas 1914 [synonym], Cerdocyon tucumanus Thomas 1921 [synonym], Urocyon aquilus Bangs 1898 [synonym]
Invalid names: Carcinocyon Allen 1905 [synonym]
G. †Dusicyon Hamilton Smith 1839 [Falkland Island wolf]
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†Dusicyon australis Kerr 1972 [Falkland Island fox]
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Invalid names: Canis (Pseudalopex) australis Kerr 1792 [synonym], Dusicyon darwini Thomas 1914 [synonym], Pseudalopex antarcticus Bechstein 1799 [synonym]
†Dusicyon cultridens Gervais and Ameghino 1880
Invalid names: Dusicyon culpaeolus Thomas 1914 [nomen dubium], Dusicyon inca Thomas 1914 [nomen dubium]
G. †Eucyon Tedford and Qiu 1996
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†Eucyon adoxus Martin 1971
†Eucyon davisi Merriam 1911
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Invalid names: Canis condoni Shotwell 1956 [synonym], Leptocyon shermanensis Hibbard 1937 [synonym]
†Eucyon debonisi Montoya et al. 2009
†Eucyon ferox Miller and Carranza-Castaneda 1998
†Eucyon intrepidus Morales et al. 2005
†Eucyon khoikhoi Valenciano et al. 2022
†Eucyon kuta Werdelin et al. 2014
†Eucyon marinae Spassov and Rook 2006
†Eucyon minor Teilhard de Chardin and Piveteau 1930
†Eucyon monticinensis Rook 1992
†Eucyon odessanus Odintzov 1967
†Eucyon skinneri Tedford et al. 2009
†Eucyon wokari García 2008
†Eucyon zhoui Tedford and Qiu 1996
G. †Sinicuon Kretzoi 1941
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†Sinicuon dubius Teilhard de Chardin 1940
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Invalid names: Sinicuon peii Kretzoi 1941 [objective synonym]
G. †Xenocyon Kretzoi 1938
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†Xenocyon antonii Zdansky 1924
†Xenocyon brevicephalus Qiu et al. 2004
†Xenocyon dubius Teilhard de Chardin 1940
†Xenocyon falconeri Forsyth-Major 1877
†Xenocyon lycaonoides Kretzoi 1938
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Invalid names: Cuon dubius stehlini Thenius 1954 [synonym], Cuon rosi Pons-Moyá and Moyá-Solá 1978 [synonym], Cuon stehlini Thenius 1954 [synonym], Xenocyon gigas Kretzoi 1941 [synonym], Xenocyon spelaeoides Kretzoi 1942 [synonym]
†Xenocyon texanus Troxell 1915
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Ji et al. 2002, Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1991 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the early Early Hemphillian to the top of the Holocene or 10.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 9.4 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 9.4 Ma
Collections (174 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clarendonian | USA (Nebraska) | Eucyon skinneri (18214) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Texas) | Eucyon sp. (18623) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Mongolia (Great Lake Depression) | Eucyon davisi (197941) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Italy (Cuneo) | Eucyon monticinensis (175903) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Kenya | Eucyon intrepidus (230935) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene | Greece (Thessaloniki) | Eucyon odessanus (182683) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Arizona) | Eucyon davisi (19272) | |
| Hemphillian | Mexico (Guanajuato) | Canis ferox (18718) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Nevada) | Canis davisi (18900) Eucyon davisi (19095) | |
| Hemphillian | Mexico (Jalisco) | Canis ferox (18745 189788 189790) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Florida) | Eucyon davisi (18560) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Washington) | Eucyon davisi (232055) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Oregon) | Canis condoni (18970) Canis davisi (18936 18943 18944 19116) Canis sp. (18833 18939 18940) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Oklahoma) | Canis ferox, Canis davisi (18304) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Texas) | Canis davisi (18097) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (New Mexico) | Canis davisi (19533) | |
| Hemphillian | Mexico (Hidalgo) | Canis ferox (212307) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (California) | Eucyon davisi (19480) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Kansas) | Canis davisi (18166 18342) Leptocyon shermanensis (18140) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | Mexico (Guanajuato) | Canis ferox (18713 18737) | |