Pediomyinae was named by Simpson (1927). Its type is Pediomys.

It was reranked as the family Pediomyinae by Wood and Ormsbee (1954); it was reranked as the family Pediomyidae by Clemens (1979), Lillegraven and McKenna (1986), McKenna and Bell (1997), Kielan-Jaworowska et al. (2004), Goin et al. (2006), Davis (2007); it was reranked as the unranked clade Pediomyidae by Williamson et al. (2012).

It was assigned to Didelphiidae by Simpson (1927), Simpson (1929); to Didelphidae by Simpson (1927), Hay (1930), Wood and Ormsbee (1954); to Didelphoidea by Clemens (1979), McKenna and Bell (1997); to Didelphimorphia by Kielan-Jaworowska et al. (2004); to Marsupialia by Lillegraven and McKenna (1986), Goin et al. (2006); to Pediomyoidea by Davis (2007); and to Peradectidae by Williamson et al. (2012).