Basic info Taxonomic history Classification Included Taxa
Morphology Ecology and taphonomy External Literature Search Age range and collections

Otophysi

Actinopteri

Taxonomy
Otophysi is an unranked clade. It is extant.

It was corrected as Otophysa by Betancur et al. (2013).

It was assigned to Ostariophysi by Betancur et al. (2013); and to Ostariophysi by Cavin (1999), Filleul and Maisey (2004), Long (2011), Bannikov (2014), Nelson et al. (2016), Ebersole et al. (2019), Cicimurri et al. (2025).

Subtaxa
Chanoididae, Characiphysae, Characiphysi, Cyprinae, Cypriniphysi, Siluriphysi
Sister taxa
Characiphysi, Cypriniphysi, Siluriphysi

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1999Otophysi Cavin
2004Otophysi Filleul and Maisey
2011Otophysi Long p. 243
2013Otophysa Betancur et al.
2014Otophysi Bannikov p. 26
2016Otophysi Nelson et al. p. 179
2019Otophysi Ebersole et al. p. 164
2025Otophysi Cicimurri et al. p. 80

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
superclassActinopterygii()
classActinopteri()
RankNameAuthor
subclassNeopterygii(Regan 1923)
—Teleosteomorpha
—Teleostei(Müller 1846)
—Teleocephalade Pinna 1996
—ClupeocephalaPatterson and Rosen 1977
—Otocephala
superorderOstariophysiJordan and Evermann 1896
—Otophysi
—Otophysi

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

show all | hide all
Superor. Characiphysae
hide
Or. Characiformes Regan 1911
+
+
+
Invalid names: Acestrorhynchinae [empty], Heterocharacinae [empty], Roestinae [empty]
Superfm. Alestoidea
+
+
G. Colossoma Cuvier 1818
Invalid names: Agoniatinae [empty], Aphyocharacinae [empty], Aphyoditeinae [empty], Bryconinae [empty], Characinae [empty], Cheirodontinae [empty], Clupeacharacinae [empty], Gymnocharacinae [empty], Iguanodectinae [empty], Rhoadsiinae [empty], Stethaprioninae [empty], Stevardiinae [empty], Tetragonopterinae Lundberg 1997 [empty]
+
Invalid names: Charcidiinae [empty], Crenuchinae [empty]
+
G. Hydrolycus Lundberg 1997
G. Rhaphiodon Agassiz 1829
+
G. Hoplias Gill 1903
Superfm. Erythrinoidea
+
Invalid names: Curimatidae [empty]
+
Invalid names: Lebiasininae [empty], Pyrrhulininae [empty]
Fm. Serrasalmidae Günther 1864
+
G. †Megapiranha Cione et al. 2009
G. Mylossoma Eigenmann and Kennedy 1903
G. Piaractus Eigenmann 1903
Invalid names: Bryconidae [empty], Chalceidae [empty], Characoidea [empty], Chilodontidae Eigenmann 1912 [empty], Crenuchoidea [empty], Ctenoluciidae [empty], Gasteropelecidae [empty], Hepsetidae [empty], Parodontidae [empty], Prochilodontidae [empty], Triportheidae [empty]
Subor. Citharinoidei Buckup 1998
+
G. †Eocitharinus Murray 2003
+
Invalid names: Citharinidae [empty], Distichodontidae [empty]
G. Miletes Heckel 1849
G. Rhodsia Fowler 1911
G. †Santanichthys Silva Santos 1991
+
†Santanichthys diasii Silva Santos 1958
+
+
Invalid names: Gymnotidae [empty]
+
Invalid names: Apteronotidae [empty], Rhamphichthyidae [empty], Sternopygidae [empty]
Superor. Cyprinae
hide
Or. Cypriniformes Bleeker 1859 [carp-like fish]
+
+
G. Carpiodes Rafinesque 1820
+
Carpiodes cyprinus LeSueur 1817
G. †Chasmistes Jordan 1878
+
†Chasmistes cujus Cope 1883
Subfm. †Ictiobinae Alvarado-Ortega et al. 2006
+
G. †Ictiobus Alvarado-Ortega et al. 2006
G. †Xyrauchen Eigenmann and Kirsch 1889
+
Xyrauchen texanus Abbott 1860
Invalid names: Catostomini [empty], Cycleptinae Nelson et al. 2016 [empty], Erimyzontini Nelson et al. 2016 [empty], Moxostomatini [empty], Myxocyprininae [empty], Thoburniini [empty]
+
G. Cobitis Linnaeus 1758
+
†Cobitis centrochir Agassiz 1832
†Cobitis cephalotes Agassiz 1832
†Cobitis primigenius Böhme 2008
Invalid names: Acanthopsis Agassiz 1832 [synonym]
Superfm. Cobitoidea Swainson 1838
+
Invalid names: Balitoridae [empty], Barbuccidae [empty], Ellopostomatidae [empty], Gastromyzontidae [empty], Jianghanichthyidae [empty], Serpenticobitidae [empty], Vaillantellidae [empty]
Fm. Cyprinidae Rafinesque 1815
+
G. Acrocheilus Agassiz 1855
+
†Acrocheilus latus Cope 1870
+
Invalid names: Diastichus macrodon Cope 1870 [synonym]
G. †Alisodon Hay 1920
+
†Alisodon mirus Hay 1920
G. †Amblypharyngodon Bleeker 1860
G. †Amyzon Cope 1872
+
†Amyzon brevipinne Cope 1893
†Amyzon commune Cope 1874
†Amyzon fusiforme Cope 1875
†Amyzon gosiutensis Grande et al. 1982
†Amyzon mentale Cope 1872
†Amyzon pandatum Cope 1875
G. Aspius Agassiz 1832
+
†Aspius brongniarti Agassiz 1835
†Aspius ecnomi Sauvage 1870
†Aspius gracilis Agassiz 1835
G. Barbus Cuvier and Cloquet 1816
+
Barbus altianalis Boulenger 1900 [ripon barbel]
Barbus barbus Linnaeus 1758
Barbus bynni Forsskål 1775 [binny]
Subfm. Cyprininae Bonaparte 1840
+
G. †Aphelichthys Cope 1893
G. †Diastichus Cope 1870
G. Notropis Rafinesque 1818
G. †Palaeocarassius Obrhelová 1970
G. Rutilus Rafinesque 1820
+
Invalid names: Anchybopsis Cope 1870 [synonym]
G. Cyprinion Heckel 1843
+
G. Cyprinus Linnaeus 1758
G. †Ecocarpia Chen et al. 2005
+
†Ecocarpia ningmingensis Chen et al. 2005
G. †Gila Baird and Girard 1853
+
†Gila coerulea Girard 1856
†Gila milleri Smith 1975
G. †Gobio Cuvier 1817
+
†Gobio analis Agassiz 1835
G. †Hexapsephus Gunther 1876
+
†Hexapsephus guentheri Woodward 1901
G. †Idadon Smith 1975
+
†Idadon condonianus Smith 1975
†Idadon hibbardi Smith 1975
G. †Iquius Jordan 1919
+
†Iquius nipponicus Jordan 1919
Subfm. Labeoninae Chen 1984
+
Tr. Garraini Reid 1982
G. †Lavinia Girard 1845
G. †Leuciscus Cuvier 1817
+
Subg. †Leuciscus (Scardinius) Sauvage 1873
Subg. Leuciscus (Squalius) Bonaparte 1837
†Leuciscus arciferus Cope 1870
†Leuciscus bairdii Cope 1870
†Leuciscus brevis Agassiz 1839
†Leuciscus cephalon Zenker 1833
†Leuciscus gracilis Agassiz 1839
†Leuciscus hartmanni Agassiz 1839
†Leuciscus heterurus Agassiz 1832
†Leuciscus laminatus Cope 1870
†Leuciscus latiusculus Agassiz 1839
†Leuciscus leptus Agassiz 1832
†Leuciscus oeningensis Agassiz 1832
†Leuciscus poeticus Cope 1870
†Leuciscus pusillus Agassiz 1835
†Leuciscus reddingi Cope 1883
†Leuciscus turneri Lucas 1900
Invalid names: Oligobelus Cope 1870 [synonym], Squalius Bonaparte 1837 [synonym]
G. †Mylocyprinus Leidy 1870
+
†Mylocyprinus inflexus Cope 1883
†Mylocyprinus robustus Leidy 1870
G. Nemachilus Günther 1868
G. Orthodon Girard 1856
+
†Orthodon condamyi Coquand 1859
†Orthodon hadrognathus Smith 1975
G. †Palaeoleuciscus Obrhelová 1969
+
G. †Palaeotinca Obrhelová 1969
+
†Palaeotinca egeriana Obrhelová 1969
Subfm. Phoxininae
+
G. †Palaeorutilus Gaudant 1988
G. †Planktophaga Böhme et al. 2013
+
†Planktophaga minuta Böhme et al. 2013
G. †Protothymallus Laube 1901
+
†Protothymallus elongata Kramberger 1884
Invalid names: Varhostichthys Obrhelová 1969 [synonym]
G. †Ptychocheilus Agassiz 1855
+
G. Puntius Hamilton 1822
G. †Rhodeus Agassiz 1832
+
†Rhodeus elongatus Agassiz 1835
†Rhodeus latior Agassiz 1835
G. †Siphateles Cope 1883
+
†Siphateles bicolor Girard 1856
†Siphateles mohavensis Snyder 1918
G. †Thynichthys Bleeker 1860
G. †Tinca Cuvier 1817
+
†Tinca furcata Agassiz 1832
†Tinca leptosoma Agassiz 1832
†Tinca micropygoptera Agassiz 1839
Subfm. Tincinae
+
G. †Tarsichthys Troschel 1854
Invalid names: Acheilognathinae [empty], Barbinae [empty], Cultrinae [empty], Danioninae [empty], Esox destructus Laube 1901 [nomen vanum], Gobioninae Bleeker 1863 [empty], Leuciscinae Howes 1991 [empty], Opsariichthyinae [empty], Squaliobarbinae [empty], Xenocyprinae [empty]
Superfm. Cyprinoidea
+
Invalid names: Psilorhynchidae Hora 1926 [empty]
Invalid names: Botiidae [empty], Gyrinocheilidae [empty], Nemacheilidae [empty], Siluri Stirton 1953 [empty]
Unr. Siluriphysi Grande and De Pinna 1998
hide
Or. Siluriformes [catfish]
+
Fm. †Andinichthyidae Gayet 1988
+
G. †Andinichthys Gayet 1988
+
Fm. †Bachmanniidae Azpelicueta and Cione 2011
+
G. †Bachmannia Dolgopol 1941
+
†Bachmannia chubutensis Dolgopol 1941
+
Invalid names: Arius argentinus Dolgopol 1941 [synonym]
Fm. Callitrichtyidae Lundberg 1997
+
G. Hoplosternum Lundberg 1997
+
Fm. Diplomystidae Eigenman 1890
+
G. †Diplomystes Bleeker 1858
G. †Eopeyeria Whitley 1947
+
Fm. †Hypsidoridae Grande and De Pinna 1998
+
G. †Hypsidoris Grande and De Pinna 1998
+
Fm. Callichthyidae Gill 1872
+
G. Callichthys Linné 1758
G. Corydoras Lacépède 1803
Invalid names: Callichthyinae [empty], Corydoradinae [empty]
Fm. Loricariidae Gill 1872
+
G. Acanthicus Lundberg 1997
G. Hypostomus Lundberg 1997
G. †Taubateia Malabarba and Lundberg 2007
Invalid names: Angistrinae [empty], Delturinae [empty], Hypoptopomatinae [empty], Hypotominae [empty], Lithogeneinae [empty], Loricariinae [empty], Neoplecostominae [empty]
Fm. Nematogenyidae Bleeker 1862
+
G. Nematogenys Girard 1855
+
Invalid names: Copionodontinae [empty], Glanapteryginae [empty], Sarcoglanidinae [empty], Stegophilinae [empty], Trichogeninae [empty], Trichomycterinae [empty], Tridentinae [empty], Vandelliinae [empty]
Invalid names: Astroblepidae [empty]
G. Selenaspis Bleeker 1858
Subor. Siluroidei Frizzell and Dante 1965
+
+
Invalid names: Amphiliinae [empty], Doumeinae [empty], Leptoglaninae [empty]
Fm. Ariidae Berg 1958 [Ariid catfish]
+
G. Ariidarum Berg 1958
G. †Ariopsis Gill 1861
G. Arius Cuvier and Valenciennes 1840
G. Bagre Mitchill 1815
G. †Cantarius Aguilera 2013
G. †Cathorops Jordan and Gilbert 1883
G. Galeichthys Valenciennes 1840
G. Plotosus Bloch 1794
G. †Qarmoutus El-Sayed et al. 2017
G. Tachysurus Lacepede 1804
G. †Vorhisia Frizzell 1965
Fm. Bagridae Bleeker 1852 [naked catfish]
+
G. Auchenoglanis Günther 1865
G. Bagrus Bosc 1816
G. †Bucklandium König 1825
G. †Claibornichthys Frizzell and Dante 1965
G. †Eomacrones White 1936
G. †Fajumia Stromer 1904
G. †Socnopaea Stromer 1904
+
Invalid names: Cetopsinae [empty], Helogeneinae [empty]
Fm. Clariidae Bonaparte 1846 [airbreathing catfish]
+
G. Clarias Scopoli 1777 [catfish]
G. †Heterobranchus Hilaire 1827
+
G. Chrysichthys Bleeker 1858
G. Clarotes Kner 1855
Superfm. Doradoidea
+
+
G. Rhamdia Bleeker 1858
Fm. Ictaluridae Gill 1861 [catfish]
+
G. †Astephus Cope 1873
G. Ictalurus Rafinesque 1820
Fm. Mochokidae Jordan 1923
+
G. Synodontis Cuvier 1816 [upside down catfish]
Fm. Pimelodidae Eigenmann and Eigenmann 1918
+
G. Brachyplatystoma Bleeker 1862
G. Phractocephalus Spix and Agassiz 1829 [cajaro]
G. Pimelodella Eiganmann 1917
Fm. Siluridae Cuvier 1816
+
G. Ameiurus Rafinesque 1820
G. †Amiurus Rafinesque
G. †Pimelodus Lacepede
G. †Pseudeutropius Bleeker 1863
G. †Rhineastes Cope 1872
G. †Silurus Linnaeus 1758
Invalid names: Ichthyophis muelleri Brunner 1954 [nomen dubium]
+
Invalid names: Glyptosterninae [empty], Sisorinae [empty]
Superfm. Sisoroidea
+
Invalid names: Auchenoglanididae [empty], Erethistidae [empty], Lacantuniidae [empty]
Invalid names: Ailiidae [empty], Akysidae [empty], Amblycipitidae [empty], Anchariidae [empty], Arioidea Bleeker 1862 [empty], Auchenipteridae [empty], Austroglanididae [empty], Chacidae [empty], Clarioidea [empty], Cranoglanididae [empty], Heteropneustidae [empty], Horabagridae [empty], Hypsidoroidea Grande and De Pinna 1998 [empty], Malapteruridae [empty], Pangasiidae [empty], Plotosidae [empty], Pseudopimelodidae [empty], Ritidae [empty], Schilbeidae [empty], Siluriodae [empty]
Invalid names: Cetopsoidei [empty], Doradidae [empty]
Invalid names: Chanoididae [empty], Characiphysi Fink and Fink 1981 [empty], Cypriniphysi [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Created: 2004-08-17 14:52:40
Modified: 2009-07-20 23:50:42
Source: c = class, subp = subphylum
Reference: Carroll 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Tithonian to the top of the Holocene or 145.06000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 143.1 Ma

Collections (754 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Tithonian149.2 - 143.1Greenland Cyprinidae indet. (1212 1214)
Late/Upper Tithonian - Early/Lower Berriasian145.06 - 141.0Morocco (Oriental) Cypriniformes indet. (45726)
Late/Upper Tithonian - Early/Lower Berriasian145.06 - 141.0Morocco (Figuig) Siluriformes indet. (204918 204936 204979)
Late/Upper Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Egypt Siluridae indet. (214404)
Late/Upper Santonian85.7 - 83.6Canada (Alberta) Otophysa indet. (14428) Otophysa indet. U-3/BvD (14425 14426 190345) Otophysi indet. U-3/BvD (190344)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Utah) Characiformes indet. (14466)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2France (Languedoc-Roussillon) Characiformes indet. (74660)
Campanian - Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0Sudan (Ash Shamaliyah) Characiformes indet. (38682)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0Argentina (Río Negro) Siluriformes indet., Ariidae indet., Diplomystidae indet. (45087) Siluriformes indet., Diplomystidae indet. (37039 49557)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0Brazil (São Paulo) Siluriformes indet. (32345 56997 57000) Siluriformes indet., Characiformes indet. (230676)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Romania (Alba) Characiformes indet. (115074)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Romania (Hunedoara) Characidae indet. (67811)
Lancian72.2 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Otophysi indet. U-3/BvD (14519)
Lancian72.2 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Otophysi indet. U-3/BvD (14631)
Lancian72.2 - 66.0USA (Montana) Otophysi indet. U-3/BvD (14549 144499 144500 144502) Siluriformes indet. (14533)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Senegal (Dakar) Siluriformes indet. (234979)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Brazil (Minas Gerais) Characiformes indet. (83250) Siluriformes indet. (32346 219556)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0India (Rajasthan) Labridae indet. (93028)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (North Dakota) Vorhisia vulpes (179290 179291 179292 213582 213583 213587 213589 213593 213607 213609 213611 213613)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Bolivia (Cochabamba) Siluriformes indet., Rhineastes sp., Characoidei indet., Tetragonopterinae indet., Andinichthyidae indet., Andinichthys sp. (12855)