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Pilosa

Mammalia

Taxonomy
Pilosa was named by Flower (1883). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Xenarthra by Hay (1902); it was synonymized subjectively with Anicanodonta by Gregory (1910); it was reranked as the suborder Pilosa by McKenna (1975); it was reranked as the order Pilosa by White and MacPhee (2001), Delsuc et al. (2001) and Wilson and Reeder (2005); it was reranked as the unranked clade Pilosa by McDonald and Naples (2007).

It was assigned to Edentata by McKenna (1975); to Edentata by Flower (1883) and Thurmond and Jones (1981); to Xenarthra by Paula Couto (1956) and MacFadden et al. (1993); to Mammalia by Wilson and Reeder (2005); to Xenarthra by Carroll (1988), Gaudin (1995), Gaudin and Branham (1998), McDonald and Naples (2007) and McDonald et al. (2013); and to Xenarthra by White and MacPhee (2001), Delsuc et al. (2001) and McDonald and Carranza-Castañeda (2017).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1883Pilosa Flower p. 184
1889Anicanodonta Ameghino p. 657
1894Anicanodonta Ameghino p. 141
1906Anicanodonta Ameghino p. 91
1910Anicanodonta Gregory p. 465
1956Pilosa Paula Couto p. 99
1975Pilosa McKenna p. 40
1981Pilosa Thurmond and Jones p. 177
1988Pilosa Carroll
1993Pilosa MacFadden et al. p. 235
1995Pilosa Gaudin
1998Pilosa Gaudin and Branham
2001Pilosa Delsuc et al.
2001Pilosa White and MacPhee
2005Pilosa Wilson and Reeder
2007Pilosa McDonald and Naples p. 154
2013Pilosa McDonald et al. p. 1227
2017Pilosa McDonald and Carranza-Castañeda

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
RankNameAuthor
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Americatheria
—Xenarthra()
infraorderPilosaFlower 1883
infraorderPilosaFlower 1883

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Infraor. Pilosa Flower 1883
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Unr. Folivora Delsuc et al. 2001
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Cl. †Eufolivora Delsuc 2001
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Fm. Bradypodidae Gray 1821
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G. Bradypus Linnaeus 1758
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Bradypus pygmaeus Anderson and Handley 2001 [Pygmy three-toed sloth]
Bradypus torquatus Illiger 1811 [Maned sloth]
Bradypus tridactylus Linnaeus 1758
+
Invalid names: Bradypus cuculliger Wagler 1831 [synonym]
Bradypus variegatus Schinz 1825 [brown-throated three-toed sloth]
+
Invalid names: Bradypus griseus Gray 1871 [synonym], Bradypus ignavus Goldman 1913 [synonym]
Invalid names: Bradypodina Bonaparte 1850 [empty]
Superfm. †Megatherioidea Gray 1821
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G. †Hiskatherium Pujos et al. 2011
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†Hiskatherium saintandrei Pujos et al. 2011
Fm. †Megalonychidae Gervais 1855
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G. †Amphihapalops Ameghino 1891
G. †Amphiocnus Kraglievich 1922
G. †Analcimorphus Ameghino 1891
Subfm. †Choloepodinae MacPhee 2001
G. †Deseadognathus Carlini and Scillato-Yané 2004
G. †Diheterocnus Kraglievich 1928
G. †Eleutherodon Mercerat 1891
G. †Eucholoeops Amegino 1887
G. †Eugeronops Ameghino 1891
G. †Geronops Ameghino 1891
G. †Hapalops Ameghino 1887
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Invalid names: Stenocephalus Mercerat 1891 [synonym]
G. †Holomegalonyx Scillato-Yané 1979
G. †Hyperleptus Ameghino 1891
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Invalid names: Tapinotherium Mercerat 1891 [synonym]
G. †Mecorhinus Ameghino 1894
Subfm. †Megalocninae
Subfm. †Megalonychinae Trouessart 1904
G. †Megalonychops Kraglievich 1927
G. †Megalonychotherium Scott 1904
G. †Meizonyx Webb and Perrigo 1985
G. †Mesocnus Matthew 1931
G. †Mesopotamocnus Brandoni 2014
Subfm. †Metopotherinae Ameghino 1902
Subfm. †Metopotherini Ameghino 1894
G. †Microcnus Matthew 1931
G. †Miocnus Matthew 1931
G. †Nohochichak McDonald et al. 2017
G. †Nothropus Burmeister 1882
Subfm. †Ocnopodinae Hoffstetter 1954
Subfm. †Ortotheriinae Ameghino 1889
G. †Ortotherium Ameghino 1885
G. †Paranabradys Scillato-Yané 1980
G. †Paraplanops Ameghino 1891
G. †Pattersonocnus Rincón et al. 2019
G. †Pliomorphus Ameghino 1885
G. †Protomegalonyx Kraglievich 1925
G. †Pseudhapalops Ameghino 1891
G. †Pseudortotherium Scillato-Yane 1981
G. †Torcellia Kraglievich 1923
G. †Trematherium Ameghino 1887
G. †Urumacocnus Rincón et al. 2019
G. †Xibalbaonyx Stinnesbeck et al. 2017
G. †Zacatzontli McDonald and Carranza-Castañeda 2017
Invalid names: Choloepidae Gray 1871 [synonym]
Unr. †Megatheria
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Fm. †Megatheriidae Gray 1821
Fm. †Nothrotheriidae Ameghino 1920
G. †Pelecyodon Ameghino 1891
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†Pelecyodon arcuatus Ameghino 1891
†Pelecyodon bombifrons Ameghino 1894
†Pelecyodon cristatus Ameghino 1891
†Pelecyodon maximus Ameghino 1891
†Pelecyodon petraeus Ameghino 1891
†Pelecyodon robustus Ameghino 1891
G. †Schismotherium Ameghino 1887
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†Schismotherium binum Amghino 1887
†Schismotherium fractum Ameghino 1887
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Invalid names: Hapalops ellipticus Ameghino 1887 [synonym], Stenocephalus cognatus Mercerat 1891 [synonym]
†Schismotherium splendens Ameghino 1887
G. †Similhapalops Pujos et al. 2021
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†Similhapalops nivis Pujos et al. 2021
Fm. †Mylodontidae Ameghino 1889
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G. †Chubutherium Cattoi 1962
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†Chubutherium ferelloi Cattoi 1962
Tr. †Lestodontini Gaudin 2004
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G. †Sphenotherus Ameghino 1891
G. †Magdalenabradys Rincón and McDonald 2020
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†Magdalenabradys confusum Hirschfeld 1985
†Magdalenabradys kolossiaia Rincón and McDonald 2020
Subfm. †Mylodontinae Gill 1872
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G. †Archaeomylodon Brambilla and Ibarra 2018
G. †Bolivartherium Carlini et al. 2006
G. †Glossotherium Owen 1840
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Invalid names: Eumylodon Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Pseudolestodon Gervais and Ameghino 1880 [synonym]
G. †Lestobradys Rinderknecht et al. 2010
G. †Lestodon Gervais 1855
G. †Megabradys Scillato-Yané 1981
G. †Morotherium Marsh 1874
G. †Mylodonopsis Cartelle 1991
Tr. †Mylodontini Saint-Andre 1994
G. †Oreomylodon Hoffstetter 1949
G. †Paramylodon Brown 1903
G. †Pleurolestodon Rovereto 1914
G. †Prolestodon Kraglievich 1932
G. †Promylodon Ameghino 1883
G. †Ranculcus Ameghino 1891
G. †Simomylodon Saint-André et al. 2010
G. †Stenodon Ameghino 1885
G. †Strabosodon Ameghino 1891
G. †Thinobadistes Hay 1919
G. †Nematherium Ameghino 1887
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†Nematherium angulatum Ameghino 1887
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Invalid names: Nematherium sinuatum Ameghino 1887 [synonym]
†Nematherium auca Ameghino 1891
†Nematherium birdi Simpson 1941
†Nematherium declivum Ameghino 1894
†Nematherium longirostris Ameghino 1891
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Invalid names: Nematherium lavagnanum Mercerat 1891 [synonym]
†Nematherium profundatum Ameghino 1891
G. †Orophodon Ameghino 1894
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†Orophodon hapaloides Ameghino 1894
Subfm. †Orophodontinae Hoffstetter 1954
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G. †Baraguatherium Rincón et al. 2016
G. †Brievabradys Villarroel 2000
G. †Octodontobradys Santos et al. 1993
G. †Octodontotherium Ameghino 1894
G. †Octomylodon Ameghino 1904
G. †Paroctodontotherium Shockey and Anaya 2011
G. †Urumacotherium Bocquentin-Villanueva 1983
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Invalid names: Eomilodon Bocquentin and Guilherme 1999 [synonym]
G. †Paraglossotherium Esteban 1993
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G. †Pseudoprepotherium Hoffstetter 1961
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†Pseudoprepotherium socorrensis Carlini et al. 2006
†Pseudoprepotherium urumaquensis Carlini et al. 2006
†Pseudoprepotherium venezuelanum Hoffstetter 1961
Invalid names: Mirandabradys Carlini et al. 2006 [synonym]
G. †Scelidotheridium Kraglievich 1934
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†Scelidotheridium parodii Kraglievich 1923
Subfm. †Scelidotheriinae Ameghino 1889
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G. †Amnotherium Ameghino 1891
G. †Analcitherium Ameghino 1891
G. †Catonyx Ameghino 1891
G. †Lymodon Ameghino 1891
G. †Neonematherium Ameghino 1904
G. †Proscelidodon Bordas 1935
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Invalid names: Elassotherium Cabrera 1939 [synonym]
G. †Scelidodon Ameghino 1881
G. †Scelidotheriops Ameghino 1904
G. †Scelidotherium Owen 1839
G. †Sibyllotherium Scillato-Yané and Carlini 1998
G. †Valgipes Gervais 1874
Invalid names: Lestodontinae Ameghino 1888 [empty], Mirandabradys zabasi Carlini et al. 2006 [nomen dubium], Nematheriinae Mercerat 1891 [empty], Urumacotheriinae Negri and Ferigolo 2004 [empty]
Invalid names: Eutardigrada Gaudin 1995 [synonym]
Superfm. †Mylodontoidea Gill 1872
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G. †Eionaletherium Rincón et al. 2015
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†Eionaletherium tanycnemius Rincón et al. 2015
Invalid names: Tardigrada Latham and Davies 1795 [replaced]
Superfm. †Vermilingua
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Fm. Cyclopedidae Pocock 1924
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G. Cyclopes Gray 1811
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Cyclopes didactyla Linnaeus 1758
G. †Palaeomyrmidon Rovereto 1914
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†Palaeomyrmidon incomptus Rovereto 1914
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G. Myrmecophaga Linnaeus 1758 [giant anteater]
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Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus 1758 [giant anteater]
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Invalid names: Myrmecophaga centralis Lyon 1906 [synonym], Myrmecophaga jubata Linnaeus 1766 [synonym]
Invalid names: Falcifer Rehn 1900 [synonym], Nunezia Kraglievich 1934 [synonym]
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G. †Neotamandua Rovereto 1914
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†Neotamandua australis Scillato-Yané and Carlini 1998
†Neotamandua borealis Hirschfeld 1976
†Neotamandua conspicua Rovereto 1914
†Neotamandua greslebini Kraglievich 1940
†Neotamandua magna Ameghino 1919
G. †Protamandua Ameghino 1904
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†Protamandua rothi Ameghino 1904
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Invalid names: Promyrmephagus dolichoarthrus Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Promyrmephagus euryarthrus Ameghino 1904 [synonym]
Invalid names: Promyrmephagus Ameghino 1904 [synonym]
G. Tamandua Gray 1825 [tamandua]
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Tamandua mexicana Saussure 1860 [Northern tamandua]
Tamandua tetradactyla Linnaeus 1758 [southern tamandua]
G. †Palaeomyrmedon Roverto 1914
Invalid names: Adiastaltidae Ameghino 1894 [synonym], Anathitidae Ameghino 1894 [synonym], Myrmecophagina Gray 1825 [empty]
Invalid names: Anicanodonta Ameghino 1889 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Maximum body mass: 80 kgg
Minimum body mass: 40 kgg
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: omnivoreo
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-08-26 13:20:40
Modified: 2005-08-26 15:20:40
Source: g = genus, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979, Vizcaíno et al. 2010, Nowak 1999, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Bartonian to the top of the Holocene or 41.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 38.0 Ma

Collections (1037 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0Argentina (Chubut) Pilosa indet. (13779)
Bartonian - Priabonian41.3 - 33.9Antarctica Megalonychidae indet. (31173)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Peru Mylodontidae indet. (199563)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Chile Tardigrada indet. (38072)
Deseadan29.0 - 21.0Argentina (Santa Cruz) Deseadognathus riggsi (220634) Octodontotherium sp. (50074 176269)
Deseadan29.0 - 21.0Bolivia Megalonychidae indet., Paroctodontotherium calleorum (95688)
Deseadan29.0 - 21.0Argentina (Mendoza) Megalonychidae indet. (176466)
Deseadan29.0 - 21.0Uruguay Scelidodon sp. (176487)
Deseadan29.0 - 21.0Bolivia (La Paz) Megalonychidae indet. (133611) Octodontotherium sp. (133596) Paroctodontotherium calleorum (142561)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Peru (Loreto) Mylodontoidea indet., Mylodontidae indet. (176147)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Argentina (Mendoza) Octodontotherium sp., Similhapalops nivis (220946)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Argentina (Santa Cruz) Prepoplanops boleadorensis (204145)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Cuba (Sancti Spiritus) Imagocnus zazae (31183)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (California) Megalonychidae indet. (19376)
Miocene - Pleistocene23.03 - 0.0117Argentina (Santa Cruz) Megatherium sp. (54123)
Colhuehuapian21.0 - 17.5Peru Pseudoprepotherium sp. (176149)
Colhuehuapian21.0 - 17.5Argentina (Chubut) Megalonychidae indet., Hapaloides sp., Proschismotherium sp., Holomegalonyx sp. (141368)
Colhuehuapian21.0 - 17.5Argentina (Mendoza) Mylodontinae indet. (189522) Planopinae indet. (189519 189521)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Chile (Bío Bío) Nematherium angulatum (140103)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Chile (Aisén) Hapalops sp. (71843)