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Taxonomy
Gelocidae was named by Schlosser (1886). It is not extant.
It was assigned to Tragulina by Matthew (1908); to Pecora by Webb and Taylor (1980); to Traguloidea by Carroll (1988); to Traguloidea by Vislobokova (2001); to Artiodactyla by Hulbert and Whitmore (2006); and to Pecora by Geraads et al. (1987), Webb (2008).
It was assigned to Tragulina by Matthew (1908); to Pecora by Webb and Taylor (1980); to Traguloidea by Carroll (1988); to Traguloidea by Vislobokova (2001); to Artiodactyla by Hulbert and Whitmore (2006); and to Pecora by Geraads et al. (1987), Webb (2008).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1886 | Gelocidae Schlosser |
| 1908 | Gelocidae Matthew p. 561 |
| 1980 | Gelocidae Webb and Taylor |
| 1987 | Gelocidae Geraads and et al. |
| 1987 | Bachitheriidae Janis |
| 1988 | Gelocidae Carroll |
| 2001 | Bachitheriidae Vislobokova p. S135 |
| 2001 | Gelocidae Vislobokova p. S133 |
| 2006 | Gelocidae Hulbert and Whitmore p. 11 |
| 2008 | Gelocidae Webb p. 50 |
| 2014 | Bachitheriidae Vianey-Liaud et al. p. 608 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Gelocidae Schlosser 1886
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G. †Bachitherium Filhol 1882
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†Bachitherium curtum Filhol 1877
†Bachitherium guirounetensis Sudre 1995
†Bachitherium insigne Filhol 1882
†Bachitherium lavocati Sudre 1986
†Bachitherium thraciensis Mennecart et al. 2018
†Bachitherium vireti Sudre 1986
G. †Gelocus Aymard 1855
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†Gelocus communis Aymard 1846
†Gelocus gajense Pilgrim 1912
†Gelocus indicus Cooper 1915
†Gelocus laubei Schlosser 1901
†Gelocus minor Pavlov 1900
†Gelocus villebramarensis Brunet and Jehenne 1976
†Gelocus whitworthi Hamilton 1973
Invalid names: Rutitherium Filhol 1876 [synonym]
G. †Paragelocus Schlosser 1902
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†Paragelocus laubei Schlosser 1901
†Paragelocus scotti Schlosser 1902
Subfm. †Pseudoceratinae Frick 1937
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G. †Pseudoceras Frick 1937
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†Pseudoceras skinneri Frick 1937
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Invalid names: Pseudoceras potteri Frick 1937 [synonym], Pseudoceras wilsoni Frick 1937 [synonym]
G. †Pseudogelocus Schlosser 1902
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†Pseudogelocus mongolicus Vislobokova and Daxner-Höck 2002
†Pseudogelocus suevicus Schlosser 1902
Invalid names: Bachitheriidae Janis 1987 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| I. A. Vislobokova 2001 | Skull brachycephalic, with braincase less enlarged and expanded and snout more elongated than in tragulids. Sagittal crest long. Tempo- ral crests better developed than in tragulids and curved anteriorly. Postorbital bar complete, formed mostly by frontal. Postglenoid process developed. Foramen ovale large and ovate. Alisphenoid and pterygoid canals absent. Auditory bulla small, with medium-long exter- nal acoustic meatus. Stylohyoid vagina encroaching upon bulla. Mastoid exposure mainly on occipital sur- face. Mastoid foramen small and posterodorsal. Prom- ontorium elongated, with two posterior whorls almost equal in height. Fenestra vestibuli small or large. Ten- sor tympani and stapedial muscle fossae broad and placed posteriorly. Subarcuate fossa shallow. Facial part of lacrimal small and triangular, with single lacri- mal foramen within the orbit. Posterior opening of the infraorbital canal placed in maxilla. Ethmoidal fissure large and quadrangular. Nasofrontal suture anterior to orbit. Nasals longer than in tragulids, projected strongly above anterior opening of nasal cavity. Median concavity of posterior border of palatine opposite M3. Upper incisors absent. First lower incisors spatulate and enlarged. Upper canines enlarged. Cheek teeth more strongly molarized with more developed cres- cents than in tragulids. PI absent. In contrast to tra- gulids, the lower canine is still larger than il and pre- molar row relatively long. Lower pI premolariform is reduced or lost. Doreatherium fold absent. Odontoid process of axis shallow and spoutlike. Fore and hind limbs approximately equal in length. Radius and ulna, tibia and fibula separate. Fibula reduced to proximal rudi- ment and malleolar bone. Malleolar bone with almost par- allel proximal and distal sides. Ecto- and mesocuneiform fused. Entocuneiform separate. Metapodials elongated. Metacarpals TIl and IV separate or incompletely fused. Metatarsals TIl and IV form cannon bone, with unclosed gully. Side metapodials strongly reduced. Astragalus of pecoran type, with almost parallel trochleae. | |
| I. A. Vislobokova 2001 (Bachitheriidae) | Sagittal and temporal crests strong. Sagittal crest long. Mastoid exposure occipital. Orbits small and located in more posterior position than in other traguloids, except Prodremotherium. Postor- bital bar very robust and formed mostly from jugal, as in tragulids. Auditory bullae small. Lacrimal small and triangular, with one lacrimal foramen within orbit. Orbital part of lacrimal inflated and enlarged. Jugal anteriorly short. Ethmoidal fissure moderately developed. Upper incisors absent. Upper canines large. Lower canines incisiform. Lower it small. The pi enlarged and caniniform. Radius and ulna, tibia and fibula separate. Metacarpals III and IV separate. Metatar- sals III and IV incompletely fused. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1999, Lillegraven 1979 | |||||
Age range: base of the Late/Upper Eocene to the top of the late Early Hemphillian or 37.71000 to 4.70000 Ma
Collections (88 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bartonian - Priabonian | Bulgaria | Bachitherium thraciensis (192671) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | China (Guangxi) | Gobiomeryx sp. (176324) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | Serbia and Montenegro (Pčinja) | Bachitherium thraciensis (197696) | |
| Priabonian | Germany (Baden-Wurttemberg) | Paragelocus suevicus (31744) | |
| Priabonian | Switzerland | Gelocus minor (31743) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene - Early/Lower Oligocene | Turkey (Ardahan) | Bachitherium sp. (79072) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | France (Auvergne Region) | Gelocus communis (31767) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region) | Gelocus communis (31583) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | Germany | Bachitherium curtum, Pseudogelocus scotti, Gelocus villebramarensis (36984) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | Mongolia | Pseudomeryx sp. (75601) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | France | Bachitherium curtum (69805) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | Mongolia (Övörkhangai) | Gobiomeryx dubius, Pseudomeryx gobiensis, Pseudogelocus mongolicus (75595) Gobiomeryx sp. (175170 180953 180958 180961 182112) Gobiomeryx sp., Pseudomeryx sp., Pseudogelocus mongolicus (175169) Paragelocus scotti (182115) Pseudogelocus mongolicus (135791 201191) Pseudomeryx gobiensis (182063 182113) Pseudomeryx sp. (180963 182114) Pseudomeryx sp., Paragelocus scotti (182131) Pseudomeryx sp., Pseudogelocus mongolicus (135793) | |
| MP 21 | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Gelocus laubei (183669) | |
| MP 21 | France (Quercy) | Gelocus communis (36708) | |
| MP 21 | Czech Republic | Bachitherium curtum, Gelocus laubei (91467) Gelocus laubei (184467) | |
| MP 22 | France (Nouvelle-Aquitaine ) | Gelocus villebramarensis (183511) | |
| MP 22 | France | Gelocus villebramarensis (183452) | |
| MP 22 | France (Quercy) | Pseudogelocus scotti (179142 181092) | |
| MP 22 - MP 24 | France | Bachitherium insigne (74638) | |
| MP 23 | France (Quercy) | Bachitherium curtum (36709 179147 183377) Bachitherium curtum, Bachitherium vireti (36711) | |
| MP 24 | France (Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées) | Gelocus sp. (182658) | |
| Rupelian | Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) | Bachitherium sp. (65088) | |
| Oligocene | France (Alpes-de-Haute Provence) | Bachitherium insigne (200437) | |
| Chattian | France | Bachitherium sp., Bachitherium guirounetensis (60281) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene | Pakistan (Baluchistan) | Gelocus gajensis (179812) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene | Mongolia (Bayankhongor) | Paragelocus scotti (75598) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene | Mongolia | Paragelocus scotti (182060) | |
| MP 25 | France | Bachitherium curtum, Bachitherium insigne (60214) | |
| MP 26 | France (Gard) | Bachitherium sp. (172927) | |
| MP 26 | France (Quercy) | Bachitherium sp. (36718) | |
| MP 28 | France (Quercy) | Bachitherium lavocati (36715) | |
| MP 28 | Germany | Bachitherium lavocati (59886) | |
| MP 28 | France (Puy-de-Dôme) | Bachitherium lavocati (184042) | |
| Langhian | USA (Florida) | Pseudoceras sp. (18569) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Texas) | Pseudoceras skinneri (18610 18645) Pseudoceras skinneri, Blastomeryx sp. (18611) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Nebraska) | Pseudoceras skinneri (18095 18135 18214 18218 18245 18458 18496) Pseudoceras sp. (188779) Pseudoceras wilsoni (18321 18468) | |
| Early/Lower Clarendonian | USA (Florida) | Floridameryx sp. (161374) | |
| Late/Upper Clarendonian | USA (New Mexico) | Pseudoceras sp. (19528) | |
| Late/Upper Clarendonian | USA (Florida) | Pseudoceras sp. (18554) | |
| Clarendonian - Hemphillian | USA (Nebraska) | Pseudoceras sp. (18326 18420) | |
| Clarendonian - Hemphillian | USA (Kansas) | Pseudoceras skinneri (109028) | |
| Clarendonian - Hemphillian | USA (Florida) | Floridameryx floridanus (18541) | |
| Late/Upper Clarendonian - late Early Hemphillian | USA (Nebraska) | Gelocidae indet. (18298) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Texas) | Pseudoceras skinneri (18198) Pseudoceras sp. (18072) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Nebraska) | Pseudoceras sp. (18086 18158 18225) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Florida) | Floridameryx floridanus (18560) Pseudoceras sp. (18601) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Alabama) | Pseudoceras sp. (18559) | |
| Hemphillian | Honduras | Pseudoceras skinneri (18750) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (Florida) | Floridameryx floridanus (18532 18573) | |
| early Early Hemphillian - late Early Hemphillian | USA (Florida) | Gelocidae indet. (18539) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian - Zanclean | USA (Florida) | Floridameryx floridanus (18535) |