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Toretocnemidae
Taxonomy
Toretocnemidae was named by Maisch and Matzke (2000).
It was assigned to Euichthyosauria by McGowan and Motani (2003); to Hueneosauria by Maisch et al. (2008); to Longipinnati by Maisch and Matzke (2000), Maisch (2010); and to Euichthyosauria by Ji et al. (2016).
It was assigned to Euichthyosauria by McGowan and Motani (2003); to Hueneosauria by Maisch et al. (2008); to Longipinnati by Maisch and Matzke (2000), Maisch (2010); and to Euichthyosauria by Ji et al. (2016).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 2000 | Toretocnemidae Maisch and Matzke p. 96 |
| 2003 | Toretocnemidae McGowan and Motani |
| 2008 | Toretocnemidae Maisch et al. |
| 2010 | Toretocnemidae Maisch |
| 2016 | Toretocnemidae Ji et al. p. 11 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Toretocnemidae Maisch and Matzke 2000
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G. †Qianichthyosaurus Li 1999
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†Qianichthyosaurus xingyiensis Yang et al. 2013
†Qianichthyosaurus zhoui Li 1999
G. †Toretocnemus Merriam 1903
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†Toretocnemus californicus Merriam 1903
Invalid names: Leptocheirus Merriam 1903 [replaced], Merriamia Boulanger 1904 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| C. Ji et al. 2016 | Scapula posterior extension absent; coracoid ante- rior nearly round or polygonal, without anterior or posterior notch; intercoracoid facet long and straight; radius and ulna of equal size and elongated, with contiguous shaft present and peripheral shaft greatly reduced or absent; phalanges polygonal and closely packed; pubis obturator foramen completely enclosed in pubis; femur strongly constricted medially, forming a narrow shaft; femur anterodistal expansion, forming a distinctive structure at the distal end; tibia contiguous shaft greatly reduced or absent; digit II in line with digits III and IV; posterior dorsal rib facet bicipital. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order | |||||
| Reference: Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range: Carnian or 237.00000 to 228.00000 Ma
Collections (12 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Triassic | USA (California) | Leptocheirus zitteli (149577) | |
| Longobardian | China (Guizhou) | Qianichthyosaurus sp. (196508 196509) Qianichthyosaurus xingyiensis (98907) | |
| Carnian | China (Guizhou) | Qianichthyosaurus zhoui (97873 102997 210059) | |
| Carnian | Svalbard and Jan Mayen (Spitsbergen) | Toretocnemidae indet. (144462) | |
| Carnian | Mexico (Sonora) | Toretocnemus californicus (102472 214415) | |
| Tuvalian | USA (California) | Toretocnemus californicus (136682) | |
| Tuvalian | China (Guizhou) | Qianichthyosaurus zhoui (85166) |