PBDB Taxon

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Cidaridea

Echinoidea - Cidaroida

Taxonomy

Cidaridea was named by Gray (1825). It is extant.

It was assigned to Cidaroida by Kroh and Smith (2010), Smith (2015).

Subtaxa

Cidaridae, Ctenocidaridae, Paurocidaris, Plegiocidaris (syn. Abelleicidaris), Psychocidaridae

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1825	Cidaridea Gray
2010	Cidaridea Kroh and Smith p. 170
2015	Cidaridea Smith p. 30

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
—	Ambulacraria
phylum	Echinodermata
subphylum	Eleutherozoa

Rank	Name	Author
—	Echinozoa	()
class	Echinoidea	()
subclass	Cidaroidea	(Claus 1880)
order	Cidaroida	()
superfamily	Cidaridea	Gray 1825
superfamily	Cidaridea	Gray 1825

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superfm. Cidaridea Gray 1825

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Fm. Cidaridae Gray 1825

G. †Centrocidaris Agassiz 1904

†Centrocidaris doderleini Agassiz 1898

Unr. Cidarinae Gray 1825

G. †Alpicidaris

G. †Cyathocidaris

G. †Leiocidaris Desor 1855

†Leiocidaris carolinensis Lambert and Thiery 1925

†Leiocidaris cottreaui Lambert 1930

†Leiocidaris hemigranosus Shumard 1860

†Leiocidaris mitchelli Lambert and Thiery 1925

G. Phyllacanthus Brandt

†Phyllacanthus carolinensis Emmonds 1858

†Phyllacanthus clarkei Chapman and Cudmore 1934

†Phyllacanthus imperialis Lamarck 1816

†Phyllacanthus javanus Martin 1885

†Phyllacanthus leoni Lambert and Sanchez Roig 1926

†Phyllacanthus mitchelli Emmonds 1858

†Phyllacanthus mortoni Conrad 1850

G. Stylocidaris

G. Tretocidaris

†Tretocidaris dubia Clark 1907

†Tretocidaris perplexa Clark 1907

G. Cidaris Leske 1778

Subg. †Cidaris (Bramus) de Gregorio 1930

†Cidaris (Bramus) pirillus de Gregorio 1930

†Cidaris (Bramus) simplex de Gregorio 1930

Subg. Cidaris (Cidaris) Leske 1778

Subg. †Cidaris (Protocidaris) de Gregorio 1930

†Cidaris (Protocidaris) bencontestus de Gregorio 1930

Subg. †Cidaris (Vernius) de Gregorio 1930

†Cidaris (Vernius) elaboratus de Gregorio 1930

†Cidaris admeto Braun 1841

†Cidaris alabamensis Morton 1846

†Cidaris alata Agassiz 1839

†Cidaris alpis Winckler 1861

†Cidaris baculifera Agassiz 1839

†Cidaris bechei Broderip 1835

†Cidaris blandis De Gregorio 1890

†Cidaris bowerbankii Forbes 1850

†Cidaris branneri Arnold 1908

†Cidaris californicus Clark 1893

†Cidaris catenifera Agassiz 1839

†Cidaris cojimarensis Lambert and Sanchez Roig 1926

†Cidaris cornaliae Stoppani 1857

†Cidaris cubensis Lambert 1925

†Cidaris curioni Stoppani 1857

†Cidaris dilleri Clark and Twitchell 1915

†Cidaris dixiensis Cragin 1893

†Cidaris fasciculata Klipstein 1843

†Cidaris flexuosa Münster 1841

Invalid names: Cidaris brandis Klipstein 1843 [synonym], Cidaris mayeri Klipstein 1843 [synonym]

†Cidaris fumagalli Stoppani 1865

†Cidaris georgiana Clark and Twitchell 1915

†Cidaris grandaeva Goldfuss 1874

†Cidaris guembeli von Wöhrmann 1889

†Cidaris klipsteini Desor 1848

†Cidaris liagora Münster 1841

†Cidaris lorenzanus Kew 1920

†Cidaris loveni Cotteau 1922

†Cidaris martinezensis Kew 1920

†Cidaris mazzettii Stefanini 1908

†Cidaris merriami Arnold 1908

†Cidaris modestus De Gregorio 1890

†Cidaris moereus De Gregoria 1890

†Cidaris mortoni Conrad 1850

†Cidaris omboni Stoppani 1857

†Cidaris ordinatus De Gregorio 1890

†Cidaris parastadifera Schafhautl 1865

†Cidaris perdubius De Gregorio 1890

†Cidaris perornata Forbes 1850

†Cidaris plumasensis Clark and Twitchell 1915

†Cidaris pratti Clark and Twitchell 1915

†Cidaris remiger Ponzi 1876

†Cidaris roemeri Wissmann 1841

Invalid names: Cidaris globifera Klipstein 1845 [synonym], Cidaris tyrolensis Desor 1855 [objective synonym]

†Cidaris schlonbachi Moesch 1867

†Cidaris serrifera Forbes 1850

†Cidaris shastensis Clark and Twitchell 1915

†Cidaris sinaiensis Fourtau 1921

†Cidaris smithi Clark and Twitchell 1915

†Cidaris splendens Morton 1841

†Cidaris subnobilis Münster 1841

†Cidaris subnodosa von Meyer 1851

†Cidaris taylorensis Clark 1893

†Cidaris tehamaensis Clark and Twitchell 1915

†Cidaris texanus Clark 1891

†Cidaris thouarsii Valencienncs 1846

†Cidaris tribuloides Lamarck 1816

Cidaris tubuloides de Lamarck 1816

†Cidaris vafellus de Loriol 1888

†Cidaris wahalakensis de Loriol 1887

†Eucidaris thouarsii galapagensis Döderlein 1887

Invalid names: Calocidaris Clark 1907 [synonym], Cidarites Lamarck 1816 [synonym]

G. Dorocidaris Agassiz 1869

†Dorocidaris abyssicola Agassiz 1869

†Dorocidaris rugosa Clark 1907

Subfm. Goniocidarinae Mortensen 1928

G. Austrocidaris Clark 1907

Austrocidaris seymourensis Radwanska 1996

G. Goniocidaris Desor, in Agassiz & Desor 1846

†Goniocidaris murrayensis Chapman and Cudmore 1934

†Goniocidaris noetlingi Roman 1976

G. Ogmocidaris Mortensen 1921

G. Psilocidaris Mortensen 1927

G. Rhopalocidaris Mortensen 1927

G. Schizocidaris Mortensen 1903

G. †Hesperocidaris Mortensen 1928

†Hesperocidaris panamensis Agassiz 1898

G. Prionocidaris Agassiz 1863

†Prionocidaris avenionensis Des Moulins 1837

Invalid names: Cidaris verticillum Mazzetti and Pantanelli 1885 [synonym]

†Prionocidaris baculosa Lamarck 1816

†Prionocidaris baculosa anulifera Lamarck 1816

†Prionocidaris bispinosa Lamarck 1816

†Prionocidaris emiratus Smith 1995

†Prionocidaris morgani Gauthier 1902

Prionocidaris pistillaris Lamarck 1816

†Prionocidaris pseudopistillum Cotteau 1862

Subfm. Rhabdocidarinae Lambert 1900

G. Chondrocidaris

†Chondrocidaris marianica Nisiyama 1966

G. †Megacidaris

G. †Parhabdocidaris

G. †Plococidaris

G. Porocidaris

†Porocidaris lopezi Sanchez-Roig 1953

†Porocidaris prior Oppenheim 1902

†Porocidaris schmideli Münster 1833

Subfm. Stereocidarinae Lambert 1900

G. †Desoricidaris Geys 1992

†Desoricidaris pouyannei Cotteau 1863

G. Eucidaris

†Eucidaris metularia Lamarck 1816

†Eucidaris zeamays Sismonda 1842

Invalid names: Cidaris fragilis Airaghi 1901 [synonym]

G. †Finnacidaris Lambert 1937

G. Goniocidarina Mortensen 1928

G. †Phalacrocidaris Lambert 1902

†Phalacrocidaris branneri White 1877

Invalid names: Rhabdocidaris brasiliensis Maury 1936 [synonym], Rhabdocidaris capelloi de Loriol 1887 [synonym]

Phalacrocidaris japonica Doderlein 1885

†Stereocidaris (Phalacrocidaris) japonica multipora Nisiyama 1966

Invalid names: Anomocidaris Agassiz and Clark 1907 [synonym]

G. †Sinaecidaris Fourtau 1921

†Sinaecidaris gauthieri Fourtau 1921

G. Temnocidaris Cotteau 1863

Subg. Temnocidaris (Stereocidaris) Pomel 1883

†Stereocidaris grandis Doderlein 1885

†Stereocidaris hudspethensis Cooke 1955

†Temnocidaris (Stereocidaris) malheiroi de Loriol 1888

†Temnocidaris (Stereocidaris) proxima Fourtau 1921

†Temnocidaris (Stereocidaris) sarracenarum Fourtau 1921

Invalid names: Dorocidaris taouzensis Lambert 1933 [synonym]

Invalid names: Typocidaris Pomel 1883 [synonym]

†Temnocidaris baylei Cotteau 1863

†Temnocidaris danica Desor 1855

Temnocidaris magnifica Cotteau 1863

Subfm. Stylocidarinae Mortensen 1928

G. †Balanocidaris

†Balanocidaris japonica Nisiyama 1966

†Balanocidaris strombecki Desor 1858

G. †Firmacidaris

†Firmacidaris neumayri Nisiyama 1966

G. †Triassicidaris Smith 1994

†Triassicidaris ampezzana Zardini 1978

†Triassicidaris peruviensis Smith 1994

Invalid names: Cidarini Gray 1825 [empty], Phyllacanthina Smith and Wright 1989 [empty]

Fm. Ctenocidaridae Mortensen 1928

G. Ctenocidaris Mortensen 1910

G. Notocidaris

G. †Paurocidaris Kier 1977

†Paurocidaris rinbianchi Zardini 1973

G. †Plegiocidaris Pomel 1883

†Plegiocidaris bradfordensis Wright 1857

†Plegiocidaris coronata Schlotheim 1820

Invalid names: Cidarites moniliferus Goldfuss 1826 [synonym]

†Plegiocidaris coronatus Schlotheim 1820

†Plegiocidaris crucifera Agassiz 1840

Invalid names: Cidaris cervicalis Agassiz 1840 [synonym]

†Plegiocidaris platyspina Gauthier 1873

Invalid names: Cidaris acrolineata Gauthier 1873 [synonym]

†Plegiocidaris saemanni Cotteau 1857

Invalid names: Abelleicidaris Vadet 1991 [synonym]

Fm. Psychocidaridae Ikeda 1936

G. †Merocidaris

†Merocidaris propinqua Muenster 1826

G. Roseicidaris Vadet 1991

G. †Tylocidaris Pomel 1883

Subg. †Tylocidaris (Sardocidaris) Lambert 1907

†Tylocidaris (Sardocidaris) scarabellii Stefanini 1907

Invalid names: Sardocidaris piae Lambert 1907 [synonym]

Subg. †Tylocidaris (Tylocidaris) Pomel 1883

†Tylocidaris (Tylocidaris) abildgaardi Ravn 1928

†Tylocidaris (Tylocidaris) oedumi Brünnich Nielson 1938

†Tylocidaris (Tylocidaris) ravni Brotzen 1959

†Tylocidaris (Tylocidaris) rosenkrantzei Brotzen 1959

†Tylocidaris clavigera Mantell 1822

Invalid names: Cidaris heberti Desor 1855 [synonym]

†Tylocidaris gosae Schluter 1892

†Tylocidaris salina Cooke 1959

†Tylocidaris vexilifera Schlüter 1982

†Tylocidaris walcotti Clark 1891

†Tylocidaris windi Brotzen 1959

Invalid names: Roseicidaridae Vadet 1991 [invalid subgroup]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

high Mg calciteo

Ontogeny:

accretion, addition of partsp

Environment:

marineo

Locomotion:

slow-movingo

Life habit:

low-level epifaunalo

Diet:

grazero

Diet 2:

omnivoreo

Vision:

limitedc

Dispersal:

watero

Dispersal 2:

planktonico

Created:

2004-02-28 12:08:25

Modified:

2009-12-13 03:42:21

Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum

References: Aberhan 1992, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Wordian to the top of the Holocene or 266.90000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 264.28 Ma

Collections (676 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Wordian	266.9 - 264.28	Italy	Cidaris bencontestus, Cidaris pirillus, Cidaris elaboratus, Cidaris simplex (233340)
Triassic	251.902 - 201.4	Hungary (Bakony)	Plegiocidaris sp., Cidaris alata, Cidaris fasciculata (56068)
Aegean	247.2 - 242.0	France (Bas-Rhin)	Cidaris grandaeva (206486 206488)
Anisian	247.2 - 242.0	Germany (Thuringia)	Cidaris grandaeva (212635)
Anisian	247.2 - 242.0	Hungary (northeastern Hungary)	Cidaris roemeri, Cidaris gladius, Cidaris palaformis, Cidaris batheri, Cidaris aggtelekensis, Cidaris serraedentata, Cidaris adunca, Cidaris longispina, Cidaris alutensis (56801)
Anisian	247.2 - 242.0	Poland	Cidaris grandavea, Cidaris subnobilis (63538)
Illyrian	247.2 - 242.0	Italy	Cidaridae indet. (175097 230244) Cidaris roemeri (175096)
Illyrian	247.2 - 242.0	Germany (Baden-Württemberg)	Cidaris sp. (67647)
Pelsonian	247.2 - 242.0	Germany	Cidaris grandaeva (34703)
Pelsonian	247.2 - 242.0	Italy (Vicentin)	Cidaris lanceolata, Cidaris grandaeva (87260)
Pelsonian - Illyrian	247.2 - 242.0	China (Guizhou)	Cidaris bangtoupoensis, Cidaris fangchui, Cidaris gu, Cidaris lineola, Cidaris venustespinosa (31631 31632) Cidaris bangtoupoensis, Cidaris fangchui, Cidaris gu, Cidaris lineola, Cidaris wachanpoensis (31628) Cidaris bangtoupoensis, Cidaris lineola (31627) Cidaris bangtoupoensis, Cidaris lineola, Cidaris venustespinosa (31619 31625) Cidaris bangtoupoensis, Cidaris lineola, Cidaris venustespinosa, Cidaris wachangpoensis (31623) Cidaris lineola (31611 31612 31613 31616 31617) Cidaris lineola, Cidaris venustespinosa (31622 31624) Cidaris wachangpoensis (31629)
Middle Triassic	247.2 - 237.0	Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt)	Cidaris subnodosa (201970)
Middle Triassic	247.2 - 237.0	Italy (Trento)	Cidaris sp. (202272)
Ladinian	242.0 - 237.0	Germany	Cidaris sp. (67652)
Ladinian	242.0 - 237.0	Svalbard and Jan Mayen	Cidaris sp. (212183 212198)
Ladinian	242.0 - 237.0	Spain	Cidaris longispina, Cidaris roemeri (73477)
Longobardian	242.0 - 235.0	Italy (Trentino)	Cidaris sp., Cidaris trigonia, Cidaris alata, Cidaris roemeri, Cidaris klipsteini (44953)
Ladinian - Carnian	242.0 - 228.0	Italy (Trento)	Cidaris sp. (202270)
Carnian	237.0 - 228.0	Greece	Balanocidaris scrobiculata (201825)
Carnian	237.0 - 228.0	Hungary (Bakony)	Cidaris parastadifera, Cidaris alata (55405) Cidaris parastadifera, Cidaris alata, Cidaris fasciculata, Cidaris meyeri (55404)