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Xenoanura

Amphibia - Temnospondyli

Taxonomy
Xenoanura was named by Savage (1973). It is extant.

It was assigned to Anura by Suazo Lara and Gómez (2022); and to Anura by Baez et al. (2009), Baez (2013), Gómez (2016), Báez et al. (2022).

Subtaxa
Pipimorpha
Sister taxa
Pipimorpha

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1973Xenoanura Savage
2009Xenoanura Baez et al. p. 840
2013Xenoanura Baez
2016Xenoanura Gómez
2022Xenoanura Báez et al. p. 5
2022Xenoanura Suazo Lara and Gómez

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
RankNameAuthor
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
classAmphibia
orderTemnospondyli()
—Lissamphibia()
—Batrachia(Macartney 1802)
orderSalientia
orderAnura()
—XenoanuraSavage 1973
—XenoanuraSavage 1973

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Xenoanura Savage 1973
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Unr. Pipimorpha Ford and Cannatella 1993
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G. †Avitabatrachus Báez et al. 2000
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†Avitabatrachus uliana Báez et al. 2000
G. †Cordicephalus Nevo 1968
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Invalid names: Cordicephalus longicostatus Nevo 1968 [synonym]
G. †Cratopipa Carvalho et al. 2019
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†Cratopipa novaolindensis Carvalho et al. 2019
G. †Gracilibatrachus Baez 2013
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Fm. †Palaeobatrachidae Cope 1865
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G. †Albionbatrachus Meszoely et al. 1984
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†Albionbatrachus wightensis Meszoely et al. 1984
G. †Messelobatrachus Wuitke 1988
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†Messelobatrachus tobieni Wuttke 1988
G. †Palaeobatrachus Tschudi 1839
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†Palaeobatrachus diluvianus Goldfuss 1831
†Palaeobatrachus eurydices Villa et al. 2016
†Palaeobatrachus laubei Bieber 1881
†Palaeobatrachus luedecki Wolterstorff 1886
†Palaeobatrachus occidentalis Estes and Sanchíz 1982
†Palaeobatrachus robustus Hossini and Rage 2000
G. †Pliobatrachus Fejérváry 1917
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†Pliobatrachus langhae Fejérváry 1917
Fm. Pipidae Gray 1825 [clawed frog]
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G. †Kuruleufenia Gómez 2016
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†Kuruleufenia xenopoides Gómez 2016
G. †Llankibatrachus Báez and Pugener 2003
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†Llankibatrachus truebae Báez and Pugener 2003
G. †Oumtkoutia Rage and Dutheil 2008
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†Oumtkoutia anae Rage and Dutheil 2008
Subfm. Pipinae Gray 1825
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Tr. Hymenochirini Bolkay 1919
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G. Hymenochirus Boulenger 1896 [African dwarf frog]
G. Pseudhymenochirus Chabanaud 1920 [dwarf gray frog]
G. †Pachycentrata Báez and Rage 2004
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†Pachycentrata taqueti Báez and Rage 1998
Invalid names: Pachybatrachus Báez and Rage 1998 [replaced]
G. Pipa Laurenti 1768 [Surinam toad]
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Pipa carvalhoi Miranda-Ribeiro 1937 [Carvalho's Surinam toad]
Pipa parva Ruthven and Gage 1923 [Sabana Surinam toad]
Pipa pipa Linnaeus 1758 [Surinam toad]
G. †Singidella Báez and Harrison 2005
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†Singidella latecostata Báez and Harrison 2005
G. †Rocekophryne Rage et al. 2021
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†Rocekophryne ornata Rage et al. 2021
G. †Shomronella Estes et al. 1978
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†Shomronella jordanica Estes et al. 1978
Subfm. Xenopodinae Fitzinger 1843
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G. Silurana Gray 1864 [clawed frog]
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Silurana epitropicalis Fischberg et al. 1982 [Cameroon clawed frog]
Silurana tropicalis Gray 1864 [Tropical clawed frog]
G. Xenopus Wagler 1827 [clawed frog]
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†Xenopus arabiensis Henrici and Báez 2001
Xenopus boiei Wagler 1827
†Xenopus hasaunus Spinar 1980
Xenopus laevis Daudin 1802 [African clawed frog]
Xenopus muelleri Peters 1844 [Muller's clawed frog]
†Xenopus romeri Estes 1975
†Xenopus stromeri Ahl 1926
Xenopus wittei Tinsley et al. 1979 [Witte's clawed frog]
Unr. †Pipinomorpha Báez and Pugener 2003
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G. †Eoxenopoides Haughton 1931
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†Eoxenopoides reuningi Haughton 1931
G. †Inbecetenanura Lemierre et al. 2023
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†Inbecetenanura ragei Lemierre et al. 2023
G. †Vulcanobatrachus Trueb et al. 2005
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†Vulcanobatrachus mandelai Trueb et al. 2005
G. †Thoraciliacus Nevo 1968
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Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: brackish, freshwater, terrestrialuc
Locomotion: actively mobilesubo
Life habit: amphibioussubo
Diet: carnivoresubo
Dispersal: waterc
Created: 2009-07-20 21:44:54
Modified: 2009-07-20 23:44:54
Source: subo = suborder, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Uhen 2004, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Berriasian to the top of the Early/Lower Pleistocene or 145.00000 to 0.78100 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 139.8 Ma

Collections (89 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Berriasian145.0 - 139.8Israel Shomronella jordanica (84472)
Berriasian - Aptian145.0 - 113.0Israel (Negev) Pipidae indet., Thoraciliacus rostriceps, Cordicephalus gracilis, Cordicephalus longicostatus (22634)
Late/Upper Barremian130.0 - 125.45Spain (Castilla-La Mancha) Gracilibatrachus avallei (28006)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 113.0Brazil (Ceara) Pipimorpha indet. (77891)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 113.0Brazil (Ceará) Cratopipa novaolindensis (169901) Pipimorpha indet. (92097)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Argentina (Neuquén) Pipimorpha indet. (51947)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Morocco (Drâa-Tafilalet) Oumtkoutia anae (115189 115190)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Argentina (Neuquén) Avitabatrachus sp. (28004)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Argentina (Río Negro) Avitabatrachus uliana (116638)
Late/Upper Coniacian - Santonian89.3 - 83.6Niger (Tahoua) Pipidae indet., Pipidae sp. 2 (48867)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1South Africa (Northern Cape) Anura indet. (55737)
Early/Lower Campanian83.5 - 70.6France (Languedoc-Roussillon) Palaeobatrachidae indet. (47782)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Spain (Castilla y Leon) Palaeobatrachidae indet. (28406)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Chile (Última Esperanza) Anura indet. (210129)
Middle Campanian83.5 - 70.6France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) Palaeobatrachidae indet. (59269)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0Argentina (Río Negro) Kuruleufenia xenopoides (139574) Pipidae indet. (49557) Pipidae indet., Kuruleufenia xenopoides (48999) Xenopus sp. (45087)
Maastrichtian - Selandian72.1 - 59.2South Africa (Northern Cape) Eoxenopoides reuningi (92114)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Palaeobatrachus occidentalis (55363)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Argentina (Santa Cruz) Pipoidea indet. (206969)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Barbourula sp. (14510 14519)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Spain (Aragón) Palaeobatrachidae indet. (45437)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Montana) Palaeobatrachus occidentalis (13142)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Barbourula sp. (14585)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Spain (Valencia) Palaeobatrachidae indet. (47035)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Argentina (Chubut) Pipidae indet. (95914)
Puercan - Torrejonian66.0 - 60.9USA (Nevada) Palaeobatrachus occidentalis (192239)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0France (Champagne-Ardenne) Discoglossidae indet. (87925)
Late/Upper Paleocene - Early/Lower Eocene58.7 - 48.6Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) Xenopus romeri (77193)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Argentina (Neuquén) Llankibatrachus truebae (84702)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.3Algeria (Bechar region) Pipidae indet., Rocekophryne ornata (77014)
MP 1055.8 - 48.6France (Picardie) Palaeobatrachidae indet. (68440)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Namibia (Sperrgebiet) Pipidae indet. (149173)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Tanzania Pipidae indet. (206377) Singidella latecostata (31499)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71Peru (Loreto) Pipidae indet. (176140 176151)
Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene47.8 - 33.9Argentina (Neuquén) Pipidae sp. (136911)
Middle Eocene - Early/Lower Oligocene47.8 - 28.4Argentina (Neuquén) Llankibatrachus truebae (84703)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0Namibia (Sperrgebiet) Pipidae indet. (65159)
Priabonian - Rupelian38.0 - 28.1Peru (Loreto) Pipidae indet. (144474)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9United Kingdom (England) Palaeobatrachidae indet., Albionbatrachus wightensis (39236)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Italy (Vicenza) Palaeobatrachus sp. (84793)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Belgium Palaeobatrachus grandipes (31748 183666)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Romania Albionbatrachus sp. (202336)
MP 2233.9 - 28.4Germany (Bayern) Palaeobatrachus sp. (91491)
MP 2333.9 - 28.4Switzerland (Canton Jura) Palaeobatrachus diluvianus (183544)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.03Yemen Xenopus arabiensis (75093)
Rupelian - Chattian33.9 - 23.03Peru (Loreto) Pipidae indet. (176129)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Tanzania (Mbeya) Xenopus sp. (179687)
MP 2828.4 - 23.03Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz) Palaeobatrachidae indet. (71942)
MP 3028.4 - 23.03Germany (Bavaria) Palaeobatrachus sp. 1, Palaeobatrachus sp. 2, Palaeobatrachus sp. 3 (84364)
MP 3028.4 - 23.03Germany (North Rhine-Westfalia) Palaeobatrachus gigas, Palaeobatrachus diluvianus (84606)
MN 222.4 - 20.0France (Aquitaine) Palaeobatrachus robustus (136755)
Orleanian20.0 - 15.97Germany (Hesse) Palaeobatrachus robustus (228327)
Langhian - Serravallian15.97 - 11.62Poland (Silesia) Palaeobatrachidae indet. (42594)
MN 6 - MN 7 + 813.65 - 11.1Hungary (Nograd) Palaeobatrachus sp. (167497 167509 167512)
MN 7 + 812.75 - 11.1Hungary (Heves) Palaeobatrachus hiri (168132)
MN 7 + 812.75 - 11.1Romania (Bihor) Palaeobatrachus sp. (200051)
Sarmatian12.7 - 11.608Romania (Arad) Palaeobatrachus hiri (135812)
Vallesian11.608 - 8.7Ukraine (Khmel'nitsk'yi) Palaeobatrachus sp. (48446)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Morocco (Fes) Xenopus sp. (35361)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Venezuela (Falcón) Pipa sp. (63520)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Russian Federation (Adygea) Palaeobatrachus sp. (196590 196591)
MN 911.1 - 9.7Hungary (Heves) Palaeobatrachus hiri (168191)
MN 911.1 - 9.7Hungary (Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén) Palaeobatrachus sp. (75481)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Hungary (North Hungary) Pliobatrachus langhae (136066)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Turkey Palaeobatrachidae indet. (234457)
MN 154.2 - 3.2Poland Pliobatrachus langhae (33396)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Venezuela (Falcon) Pipa sp. (122033)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Turkey (Eskişehir) Palaeobatrachus sp. (230657)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia) Palaeobatrachidae indet. (199747)
MN 163.2 - 2.588Poland Pliobatrachus langhae (33473)
Villanyian3.2 - 2.588Slovakia Pliobatrachus sp. (41026)
Villanyian3.2 - 2.588Hungary (Fejer) Pliobatrachus langhae (35374)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Tanzania Pipidae indet., Xenopus sp. (22593)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Netherlands (Limburg) Palaeobatrachus eurydices (192405)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Hungary (Barany) Pliobatrachus langhae (35459)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Poland Pliobatrachus langhae (195226)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Tanzania Xenopus sp. (22628)