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Merycodontinae

Mammalia - Antilocapridae

Taxonomy
Merycodontidae was named by Matthew (1904). It was considered paraphyletic by Janis and Manning (1998).

It was reranked as the subfamily Merycodontinae by Janis and Manning (1998).

It was assigned to Ruminantia by Gregory (1910); to Ruminantii by Jaekel (1911); and to Antilocapridae by Janis and Manning (1998).

Subtaxa
Cosoryx, Ramoceros

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1904Merycodontidae Matthew p. 103
1910Merycodontidae Gregory p. 466
1911Merycodontidae Jaekel p. 234
1998Merycodontinae Janis and Manning p. 495

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
—Ruminantiamorpha
—Ruminantia(Scopoli 1777)
—Pecora()
familyAntilocapridae
subfamilyMerycodontinae()
subfamilyMerycodontinae()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. †Merycodontinae Matthew 1904
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G. †Cosoryx Leidy 1869
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Subg. †Cosoryx (Paracosoryx) Frick 1937
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†Cosoryx (Paracosoryx) sabulonis Matthew and Cook 1909
Subg. †Cosoryx (Subcosoryx) Frick 1937
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Subg. †Cosoryx (Subparacosoryx) Frick 1937
†Cosoryx furcatus Leidy 1869
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†Cosoryx furcatus mooki Frick 1937
Invalid names: Cosoryx (Paracosoryx) burgensis Frick 1937 [synonym], Cosoryx agilis Douglass 1899 [synonym], Cosoryx burgensis Frick 1937 [synonym]
†Cosoryx ilfonsensis Frick 1937
G. †Ramoceros Frick 1937
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Subg. †Ramoceros (Merriamoceros) Frick 1937
†Ramoceros osborni Matthew 1904
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Invalid names: Ramoceros (Paramoceros) howardae Frick 1937 [synonym], Ramoceros (Paramoceros) kansanus Frick 1937 [synonym], Ramoceros hitchcockensis Frick 1937 [synonym]
†Ramoceros ramosus Cope 1874
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: browserf
Diet 2: grazerf
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2005-08-31 16:51:41
Source: f = family, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1999, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1991, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Barstovian to the top of the Hemphillian or 16.30000 to 4.90000 Ma

Collections (200 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Kansas) Cosoryx furcatus (18122)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Colorado) Merycodus sp. (18874)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Nevada) Merycodus sp. (18836 18837 18838)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Montana) Merycodus sp. (18919)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (California) Merycodus sp. (19428 19583 19606)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (South Dakota) Merycodus furcatus (18084 18085 18183 18380 18383 18384) Merycodus sp. (18064 18081 18185 18385)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Oregon) Merycodus sp. (18865 18955)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Nebraska) Cosoryx furcatus (18210) Merycodus sp. (18313 18350 18436)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Arizona) Merycodus sp. (19355)
Hemingfordian20.43 - 15.97USA (Nevada) Cosoryx wilsoni (18962)
Hemingfordian20.43 - 15.97USA (Nebraska) Cosoryx wilsoni (17961) Merycodontinae indet. (17907 17915 17990)
Hemingfordian20.43 - 15.97USA (Wyoming) Cosoryx wilsoni (18873 19073 19075)
Early/Lower Hemingfordian - Early/Lower Barstovian20.43 - 12.5USA (Utah) Merycodus sp. (18915)
Hemingfordian - Barstovian20.43 - 12.5USA (California) Merycodus sp. (19197 19198 19199 19200 19201 19204 19205 19214 19215 19217 19220 19224 19228 19478)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Kansas) Ramoceros kansanus (18360 18373)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (California) Merycodus sp. (19332 74792) Ramoceros brevicornis (19548) Ramoceros sp. (19498)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Wyoming) Merycodus sp. (18868)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5Canada (Saskatchewan) Merycodus sp. (18762 18763 18766 18768 18770 18771 18772 18775 18776 18777 18778 18779 18784 18789 18790 18791 18795 18799)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Nebraska) Cosoryx furcatus (18144) Merycodus furcatus (18443) Merycodus sp. (18067 18089 18102 18165 18232 18454 18498 27481) Ramoceros howardae (18109 18133) Ramoceros osborni (18206 18284) Ramoceros osborni, Merycodus sp. (18192 18275) Ramoceros sp. (18124 18141 18261)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Montana) Merycodus sp. (18894)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Idaho) Cosoryx sp. (19013)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Nevada) Merycodus furcatus (19088)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (New Mexico) Cosoryx sp., Ramoceros ramosus (19535) Ramoceros ramosus (19287)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Oregon) Merycodus sp. (18809 19017 19019)
Early/Lower Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Nebraska) Cosoryx wilsoni (17905)
Early/Lower Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (New Mexico) Cosoryx ilfonsensis (19547)
Barstovian - Clarendonian16.3 - 9.4USA (Nebraska) Cosoryx furcatus (18238 18270) Cosoryx furcatus, Cosoryx burgensis (18077)
Barstovian - Clarendonian16.3 - 9.4USA (Colorado) Ramoceros osborni (18445)
Barstovian - Clarendonian16.3 - 9.4USA (Nevada) Merycodus sp. (18971)
Barstovian - Clarendonian16.3 - 9.4USA (New Mexico) Cosoryx ilfonsensis (19531)
Barstovian - Early/Lower Clarendonian16.3 - 9.4USA (New Mexico) Ramoceros sp. (19286)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Mexico (Oaxaca) Merycodus sp. (18721)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Nevada) Merycodus furcatus (19035 182562)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (California) Cosoryx sp. (19517) Merycodus cerroensis (19145 19181 19182 19276 19277 19278 19353 19361 19453 19454 19455 19489 19490 19492 19494 19495 19496 19497 19499 19500 19501 19504 19507 19512 19515 19553 19592 19593 19594) Ramoceros sp., Merycodus cerroensis (19467 19486 19541)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Texas) Antilocapridae indet. (18610) Ramoceros ramosus (18623) Ramoceros ramosus, Merycodus sp. (18645)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Kansas) Merycodus sp. (18449)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Nebraska) Cosoryx furcatus (18060 18078 18106 18157 18159 18176 18204 18217 18233 18234 18243 18260 18294 18334 18413 18414 18456) Cosoryx sp. (18177 18331) Merycodus furcatus (18082 18483) Merycodus sp. (18194 18315 18317 18372)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (South Dakota) Merycodus furcatus (18063 18470 18472 18473 18478 18481 18485 18492 18493) Merycodus sp. (18268 18344 18351)
Early/Lower Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Nebraska) Cosoryx sp. (18129)
Early/Lower Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Washington) Merycodontinae indet. (18884)
Late/Upper Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (New Mexico) Cosoryx cerroensis, Paramoceros marthae (19528)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian12.5 - 4.9USA (Washington) Cosoryx cerroensis (175228)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian12.5 - 4.9USA (South Dakota) Cosoryx furcatus (18087)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian12.5 - 4.9USA (Wyoming) Ramoceros sp. (18146)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246USA (California) Merycodus sp. (52202)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333USA (Colorado) Merycodontinae indet. (18846)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Japan Dicrocerus furcatus (52009)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Kansas) Ramoceros kansanus (18168)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Mexico (Zacatecas) Merycodontinae indet. (157349 157350)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6USA (Oklahoma) Cosoryx cerroensis (209142)