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Scaphander
Taxonomy
Scaphander was named by Monfort (1810) [Sepkoski's age data: K Camp R Sepkoski's reference number: 614,909]. It is extant.
It was reranked as Bulla (Scaphander) by Martin (1879).
It was assigned to Bulla by Martin (1879); to Scaphanderidae by Turner (1938); to Cephalaspida by Sepkoski (2002); to Cylichnidae by Squires (1984), Squires (1987), Squires and Demetrion (1992), Harzhauser and Mandic (2001), Todd (2001), Wienrich and Janssen (2007); and to Scaphandridae by Woodring (1928), Grant, IV and Gale (1931), Durham (1944), Harris and Palmer (1947), MacNeil (1960), Olsson (1964), Sohl (1964), Abbass (1967), Addicott (1970), Moore (1976), Hickman (1980), Frassinetti and Covacevich (1995), Nielson and Valdovinos (2008).
It was reranked as Bulla (Scaphander) by Martin (1879).
It was assigned to Bulla by Martin (1879); to Scaphanderidae by Turner (1938); to Cephalaspida by Sepkoski (2002); to Cylichnidae by Squires (1984), Squires (1987), Squires and Demetrion (1992), Harzhauser and Mandic (2001), Todd (2001), Wienrich and Janssen (2007); and to Scaphandridae by Woodring (1928), Grant, IV and Gale (1931), Durham (1944), Harris and Palmer (1947), MacNeil (1960), Olsson (1964), Sohl (1964), Abbass (1967), Addicott (1970), Moore (1976), Hickman (1980), Frassinetti and Covacevich (1995), Nielson and Valdovinos (2008).
Species
Bulla (Scaphander) elegans, S. (Mirascapha), S. (Scaphander), S. alaskensis, S. brevicula, S. conradi, S. impunctatus, S. interruptus, S. jacksonensis, S. javanus, S. jugularis, S. nannus, S. oligoturritus, S. oregonensis, S. polysarcus, S. radii, S. rarus, S. remondi, S. stewarti, S. washingtonensis
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1810 | Scaphander Monfort |
| 1879 | Bulla (Scaphander) Martin p. 85 |
| 1928 | Scaphander Woodring p. 126 |
| 1931 | Scaphander Grant, IV and Gale p. 451 |
| 1938 | Scaphander Turner p. 67 |
| 1944 | Scaphander Durham p. 189 |
| 1947 | Scaphander Harris and Palmer p. 449 |
| 1960 | Scaphander MacNeil p. 128 |
| 1964 | Scaphander Olsson p. 73 |
| 1964 | Scaphander Sohl p. 299 |
| 1967 | Scaphander Abbass p. 124 |
| 1970 | Scaphander Addicott p. 139 |
| 1976 | Scaphander Moore p. 41 |
| 1980 | Scaphander Hickman p. 81 |
| 1984 | Scaphander Squires p. 39 |
| 1987 | Scaphander Squires p. 53 |
| 1992 | Scaphander Squires and Demetrion p. 34 |
| 1995 | Scaphander Frassinetti and Covacevich p. 64 |
| 2001 | Scaphander Harzhauser and Mandic p. 717 |
| 2001 | Scaphander Todd |
| 2002 | Scaphander Sepkoski |
| 2007 | Scaphander Wienrich and Janssen p. 776 |
| 2008 | Scaphander Nielson and Valdovinos p. 210 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Scaphander Monfort 1810
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†Bulla (Scaphander) elegans Martin 1879
Subg. †Scaphander (Scaphander) Montfort 1810
Scaphander alaskensis Clark 1932
†Scaphander brevicula Philippi 1887
†Scaphander conradi Dall 1909
†Scaphander impunctatus Hickman 1980
Scaphander interruptus Dall 1889
†Scaphander jacksonensis Harris and Palmer 1947
†Scaphander javanus Martin 1879
†Scaphander jugularis Conrad 1855
†Scaphander nannus Woodring 1928
†Scaphander oligoturritus Sacco 1897
†Scaphander oregonensis Dall 1909
†Scaphander polysarcus Cossmann and Pissarro 1913
†Scaphander radii Abbass 1967
†Scaphander rarus Wade 1926
†Scaphander remondi Philippi 1887
†Scaphander stewarti Durham 1944
†Scaphander washingtonensis goodspeedi Effinger 1938
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, c = class | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Cenomanian to the top of the Early/Lower Pleistocene or 100.50000 to 0.78100 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 93.9 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 93.9 Ma
Collections (325 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cenomanian | USA (California) | S. sp. (167602) | |
| Late/Upper Turonian | USA (California) | Cylichnina costata (220931) | |
| Coniacian | USA (California) | S. costatus (44232) | |
| Campanian | USA (California) | S. costatus (44274) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | USA (California) | Cylichna costata (3885) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Tennessee) | S. rarus (88357) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | USA (California) | Cylichna costata (72057 219077) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | USA (Tennessee) | S. rarus (7515) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (Texas) | S. sp. (205541) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Antarctica | S. sp. (83550 83552) | |
| Danian | France | S. sp. (20816) | |
| Danian | USA (Maryland) | S. potomacensis (83135) | |
| Danian | USA (California) | Cylichna costata (193035) | |
| Danian | USA (Texas) | S. sp. (91778) | |
| Danian - Selandian | USA (Texas) | S. sp. (91779) | |
| Paleocene | Argentina | S. sp. (99400) | |
| Paleocene | USA (California) | Cylichna costata (190777 190778 190779 190786 190791 190798) | |
| Paleocene | Germany | S. rhenanus (3114) | |
| Paleocene | Mexico (Baja California Sur) | Cylichna costata (43762) | |
| Selandian | USA (Alabama) | S. sp. (205499) | |