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Tragulina

Mammalia

Taxonomy
Tragulina was named by Flower (1883). It is extant.

It was reranked as the unranked clade Tragulina by Flower and Lydekker (1891), Matthew (1908).

It was assigned to Artiodactyla by Flower (1883); to Artiodactyla by Flower and Lydekker (1891); and to Ruminantia by Matthew (1908), Ferrusquia-Villafranca (1969), Hassanin and Douzery (2003).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1883Tragulina Flower p. 184
1891Tragulina Flower and Lydekker p. 90
1908Tragulina Matthew p. 561
1969Tragulina Ferrusquia-Villafranca
2003Tragulina Hassanin and Douzery

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
—Ruminantiamorpha
—Ruminantia(Scopoli 1777)
infraorderTragulina
infraorderTragulina

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Infraor. Tragulina Flower 1883
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Superfm. †Hypertraguloidea Scott 1940
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Fm. †Hypertragulidae Cope 1879
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G. †Hypertragulus Cope 1874
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Invalid names: Hypertragulus tricostatus Cope 1874 [synonym]
†Hypertragulus heikeni Ferrusquia-Villafranca 1969
†Hypertragulus minor Frick 1937
†Hypertragulus minutus Lull 1922
†Hypertragulus planiceps Sinclair 1905
†Hypertragulus sequens Cook 1934
Invalid names: Allomeryx Sinclair 1905 [synonym]
G. †Nanotragulus Lull 1922
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†Nanotragulus fontanus Stock 1935
†Nanotragulus loomisi Lull 1922
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Invalid names: Nanotragulus intermedius Schlaikjer 1935 [synonym], Nanotragulus lulli Frick 1937 [synonym]
†Nanotragulus ordinatus Matthew 1907
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Invalid names: Nanotragulus albanensis Frick 1937 [synonym], Nanotragulus matthewi Cook 1934 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hypertragulinae [empty]
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G. †Hypisodus Cope 1873
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†Hypisodus alacer Troxell 1920
†Hypisodus ironsi Cook 1934
†Hypisodus minimus Cope 1873
†Hypisodus paululus Cook 1934
†Hypisodus retallacki Meehan and Martin 2004
†Hypisodus ringens Cope 1873
Fm. †Praetragulidae Vislobokova 2001
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G. †Parvitragulus Emry 1978
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†Parvitragulus priscus Emry 1978
G. †Praetragulus Vislobokova 1998
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†Praetragulus electus Vislobokova 1998
†Praetragulus gobiae Matthew and Granger 1925
G. †Simimeryx Stock 1934
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†Simimeryx hudsoni Stock 1934
†Simimeryx minutus Peterson 1934
Superfm. †Traguloidea
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Fm. †Archaeomerycidae Simpson 1945
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G. †Archaeomeryx Matthew and Granger 1925
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†Archaeomeryx optatus Matthew and Granger 1925
G. †Irrawadymeryx Métais et al. 2007
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†Irrawadymeryx pondaungi Métais et al. 2007
G. †Miomeryx Matthew and Granger 1925
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†Miomeryx altaicus Matthew and Granger 1925
G. †Notomeryx Qiu 1978
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†Notomeryx besensis Qiu 1978
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Invalid names: Indomeryx youjiangensis Qiu 1978 [synonym]
†Notomeryx major Guo et al. 1999
G. †Paukkaungmeryx Ducrocq et al. 2020
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†Paukkaungmeryx minutus Ducrocq et al. 2020
G. †Xinjiangmeryx Zheng 1978
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†Xinjiangmeryx parvus Zheng 1978
Fm. †Gelocidae Schlosser 1886
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G. †Bachitherium Filhol 1882
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†Bachitherium curtum Filhol 1877
†Bachitherium insigne Filhol 1882
†Bachitherium lavocati Sudre 1986
†Bachitherium thraciensis Mennecart et al. 2018
†Bachitherium vireti Sudre 1986
G. †Gelocus Aymard 1855
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†Gelocus communis Aymard 1846
†Gelocus gajense Pilgrim 1912
†Gelocus indicus Cooper 1915
†Gelocus laubei Schlosser 1901
†Gelocus minor Pavlov 1900
†Gelocus villebramarensis Brunet and Jehenne 1976
†Gelocus whitworthi Hamilton 1973
Invalid names: Rutitherium Filhol 1876 [synonym]
G. †Gobiomeryx Trofimov 1957
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†Gobiomeryx dubius Trofimov 1957
G. †Paragelocus Schlosser 1902
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†Paragelocus laubei Schlosser 1901
†Paragelocus scotti Schlosser 1902
G. †Phaneromeryx Schlosser 1886
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†Phaneromeryx geliensis Gervais 1848
Subfm. †Pseudoceratinae Frick 1937
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G. †Floridameryx Webb 2008
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†Floridameryx klausi Frick 1937
G. †Pseudoceras Frick 1937
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†Pseudoceras skinneri Frick 1937
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Invalid names: Pseudoceras potteri Frick 1937 [synonym], Pseudoceras wilsoni Frick 1937 [synonym]
G. †Pseudogelocus Schlosser 1902
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†Pseudogelocus mongolicus Vislobokova and Daxner-Höck 2002
†Pseudogelocus suevicus Schlosser 1902
G. †Pseudomeryx Trofimov 1957
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†Pseudomeryx gobiensis Trofimov 1957
Invalid names: Bachitheriidae Janis 1987 [synonym]
Fm. †Lophiomerycidae Janis 1987
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G. †Indomeryx Pilgrim 1928
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†Indomeryx arenae Pilgrim 1928
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Invalid names: Indomeryx minus Métais et al. 2000 [synonym]
†Indomeryx cotteri Pilgrim 1928
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Invalid names: Indomeryx pilgrimi Métais et al. 2000 [synonym]
G. †Lophiomeryx Pomel 1853
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†Lophiomeryx angarae Matthew and Granger 1925
†Lophiomeryx benarensis Gabunia 1964
†Lophiomeryx chalaniati Pomel 1853
†Lophiomeryx gracilis Miao 1982
†Lophiomeryx kargilensis Nanda and Sahni 1990
†Lophiomeryx minor Lydekker 1885
†Lophiomeryx mouchelini Brunet and Sudre 1987
†Lophiomeryx turgaicus Flerov 1938
G. †Nalameryx Métais et al. 2009
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†Nalameryx savagei Nanda and Sahni 1990
†Nalameryx sulaimani Métais et al. 2009
G. †Zhailimeryx Guo et al. 2000
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†Zhailimeryx jingweni Guo et al. 2000
Fm. Tragulidae Milnes-Edwards 1864 [chevrotain]
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G. †Afrotragulus Sánchez et al. 2010
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†Afrotragulus moruorotensis Pickford 2001
†Afrotragulus parvus Whitworth 1958
G. †Archaeotragulus Metais et al. 2001
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†Archaeotragulus krabiensis Metais et al. 2001
G. †Cryptomeryx Schlosser 1886
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†Cryptomeryx decedens Stehlin 1910
†Cryptomeryx gaudryi Filhol 1877
†Cryptomeryx major Schlosser 1886
†Cryptomeryx matsoui Sudre 1984
G. †Dorcabune Pilgrim 1910
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G. †Dorcatherium Kaup 1839
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†Dorcatherium bulgaricus Bakalov and Nikilov 1962
†Dorcatherium chappuisi Arambourg 1933
†Dorcatherium crassum Lartet 1851
†Dorcatherium guntianum von Meyer 1846
†Dorcatherium iririensis Pickford 2002
†Dorcatherium jourdani Deperet 1887
†Dorcatherium libiensis Hamilton 1973
†Dorcatherium majus Lydekker 1876
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Invalid names: Merycopotamus nanus Falconer 1868 [objective synonym]
†Dorcatherium minus Lydekker 1876
†Dorcatherium naui Kaup 1833
†Dorcatherium orientale Qui and Gu 1991
†Dorcatherium peneckei Hoffmann 1892
†Dorcatherium pigotti Whitworth 1958
†Dorcatherium puyhauberti Arambourg and Piveteau 1929
†Dorcatherium rodgeri Hofman 1909
†Dorcatherium vindobonense von Meyer 1846
G. Hyemoschus Gray 1845
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Hyemoschus aquaticus Ogilby 1841 [water chevrotain]
†Hyomoschus crassus Lartet 1837
Invalid names: Hyemoschus aquaticus Ogilby 1841 [valid], Hyomoschus crassus Lartet 1837 [valid]
G. Hyemoschus Gray 1845
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Hyemoschus aquaticus Ogilby 1841 [water chevrotain]
†Hyomoschus crassus Lartet 1837
Invalid names: Hyemoschus aquaticus Ogilby 1841 [valid], Hyomoschus crassus Lartet 1837 [valid]
G. †Iberomeryx Gabunia 1964
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†Iberomeryx minor Filhol 1882
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Invalid names: Iberomeryx matsoui Heissig 1987 [synonym], Iberomeryx minus Sudre and Blondel 1996 [synonym]
†Iberomeryx parvus Gabunia 1964
G. †Krabimeryx Metais et al. 2001
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†Krabimeryx primitivus Metais et al. 2001
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Moschiola meminna Erxleben 1777
G. †Siamotragulus Thomas et al. 1990
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†Siamotragulus bugtiensis Ginsburg 2001
†Siamotragulus haripounchai Mein and Ginsburg 1997
†Siamotragulus sanyathanai Thomas et al. 1990
†Siamotragulus songhorensis Whitworth 1958
G. †Stenomeryx Ducrocq et al. 2020
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†Stenomeryx bahinensis Ducrocq et al. 2020
G. Tragulus Brisson 1762 [mouse deer]
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Tragulus javanicus Osbeck 1765 [Java mouse-deer]
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Invalid names: Tragulus fuscatus Blyth 1858 [synonym]
Tragulus kanchil Raffles 1822 [lesser mouse-deer]
Tragulus meminna Erxleben 1777
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Invalid names: Meminna indica Gray 1843 [synonym]
Tragulus napu Cuvier 1822 [greater mouse-deer]
Tragulus nigricans Thomas 1892 [Philippine mouse-deer]
Tragulus pelandoc Hamilton Smith 1827
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Invalid names: Moschus javanicus Gmelin 1788 [replaced]
†Tragulus sivalensis Lydekker 1882
Invalid names: Meminna Gray 1836 [synonym], Tragulus malaccensis Gray 1843 [nomen nudum], Tragulus mimenoides Hodgson 1844 [nomen nudum]
G. †Yunnanotherium Han 1986
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Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: grazero
Diet 2: browsero
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-08-26 14:03:05
Modified: 2005-09-19 12:23:23
Source: o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1999, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Bartonian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 41.03000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 39.7 Ma

Collections (458 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Sharamurunian56.0 - 37.71China (Shanxi) Zhailimeryx jingweni (41116)
Middle Eocene48.07 - 37.71China (Jiangsu) Archaeomeryx sp. (37493)
Middle Eocene48.07 - 37.71China (Nei Mongol) Archaeomeryx optatus (174962) Archaeomeryx sp. (28786)
Uintan46.2 - 39.7USA (California) Simimeryx hudsoni (16610) Simimeryx sp. (16786)
Uintan - Duchesnean46.2 - 37.0USA (California) Simimeryx hudsoni (16533 16800 16801)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71Myanmar Indomeryx arenae (41110) Indomeryx cotteri (41179 41287 41307 180397 180398) Indomeryx cotteri, Indomeryx pilgrimi (41456) Indomeryx cotteri, Indomeryx pilgrimi, Indomeryx minus (41331) Indomeryx sp. (41283) Irrawadymeryx pondaungi (41180) Paukkaungmeryx minutus, Stenomeryx bahinensis (41393)
Bartonian - Priabonian41.03 - 33.9Bulgaria Bachitherium thraciensis (192671)
Bartonian - Rupelian41.03 - 27.3Mexico (Oaxaca) Nanotragulus sp. (166797)
Duchesnean39.7 - 37.0USA (California) Hypertragulus sp. (17039) Simimeryx hudsoni (16803 16804 16805 16806 16807 16808 16809 16810 16811) Simimeryx sp. (16813)
Duchesnean39.7 - 37.0USA (Utah) Leptomeryx minutus (16852)
Duchesnean39.7 - 37.0USA (Texas) Hypertragulus heikeni (16838)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9Thailand Archaeotragulus krabiensis, Krabimeryx primitivus (13127 49078) Krabimeryx primitivus (49083)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9Serbia and Montenegro (Pčinja) Bachitherium thraciensis (197696)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9China (Yunnan) Miomeryx sp. (182580)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9China (Nei Mongol) Lophiomeryx sp. (77908)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9Mongolia (Dornogov) Praetragulus electus (174716)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9China (Guangxi) Gobiomeryx sp., Indomeryx cotteri, Notomeryx besensis (176324) Indomeryx cotteri (176325 176374) Indomeryx cotteri, Notomeryx besensis, Indomeryx youjiangensis, Indomeryx sp. (176326) Indomeryx cotteri, Notomeryx major (176372) Indomeryx sp. (175822) Indomeryx youjiangensis (176375) Notomeryx besensis (176373 176376 176378 176379) Notomeryx major (176377)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9Mongolia Lophiomeryx gobiae, Lophiomeryx angarae, Miomeryx altaicus (73781)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9Switzerland Gelocus minor (31743)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9Germany (Baden-Wurttemberg) Paragelocus suevicus (31744)