PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Hipparion macedonicum

Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae

Taxonomy

Hipparion macedonicum was named by Koufos (1984).

Sister species lacking formal opinion data

H. abudhabiense, H. africanum, H. brachypus, H. garedzicum, H. giganteum, H. hippidiodus, H. houfenense, H. malustenense, H. moldavicum, H. nagriensis, H. platyodus, H. proboscideum, H. sebastopolitanum, H. verae, H. zandaense, H. baardi, H. cornelianum, H. ethiopicum, H. macrodon, H. theobaldi

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1984	Hipparion macedonicum Koufos
2002	Hipparion macedonicum Vlachou and Koufos p. 229
2007	Hipparion macedonicum Tsoukala et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha

Rank	Name	Author
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
—	Panperissodactyla
superorder	Perissodactylamorpha
order	Perissodactyla	()
superfamily	Equoidea
family	Equidae
subfamily	Equinae
tribe	Hipparionini
genus	Hipparion
species	macedonicum	Koufos 1984

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Hipparion macedonicum Koufos 1984

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Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingsubf

Diet:

browserg

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2009-01-04 10:28:06

Modified:

2009-01-04 12:28:06

Source: g = genus, subf = subfamily, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, MacFadden and Cerling 1996, Nowak 1991, Hendy et al. 2009, MacFadden 1998, Ji et al. 2002

Age range: base of the Vallesian to the top of the MN 11 or 11.60800 to 7.75000 Ma

Collections (10 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Vallesian	11.608 - 8.7	Greece	Hipparion macedonicum (191070)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Italy (Cuneo)	Hipparion macedonicum (175903)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Greece (Chalkidona)	Hipparion macedonicum (182750 202703) Hipparion sp. (202222)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Greece (Evros)	Hipparion macedonicum (210641)
MN 11	8.7 - 7.75	Greece	Hipparion macedonicum (73869)
Turolian	8.7 - 5.333	Greece (Macedonia)	Hipparion macedonicum (32374 32376)
Turolian	8.7 - 5.333	Greece (Chalkidona)	Hipparion macedonicum (195489)