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Dryolestoidea
Taxonomy
Dryolestoidea was named by Butler (1939). It is not extant.
It was reranked as the superorder Dryolestoidea by Kielan-Jaworowska et al. (2004), Rougier et al. (2011); it was reranked as the unranked clade Dryolestoidea by McKenna (1975), Lillegraven and McKenna (1986), Rougier et al. (2009), Connelly et al. (2024).
It was assigned to Theria by Lillegraven and McKenna (1986); to Eupantotheria by Bonaparte (1986); and to Cladotheria by McKenna (1975), Prothero (1981), Kielan-Jaworowska et al. (2004), Rougier et al. (2009), Rougier et al. (2011), Connelly et al. (2024).
It was reranked as the superorder Dryolestoidea by Kielan-Jaworowska et al. (2004), Rougier et al. (2011); it was reranked as the unranked clade Dryolestoidea by McKenna (1975), Lillegraven and McKenna (1986), Rougier et al. (2009), Connelly et al. (2024).
It was assigned to Theria by Lillegraven and McKenna (1986); to Eupantotheria by Bonaparte (1986); and to Cladotheria by McKenna (1975), Prothero (1981), Kielan-Jaworowska et al. (2004), Rougier et al. (2009), Rougier et al. (2011), Connelly et al. (2024).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1939 | Dryolestoidea Butler |
| 1975 | Dryolestoidea McKenna p. 40 |
| 1981 | Dryolestoidea Prothero p. 286 |
| 1986 | Dryolestoidea Bonaparte p. 57 |
| 1986 | Dryolestoidea Lillegraven and McKenna p. 25 |
| 2004 | Dryolestoidea Kielan-Jaworowska et al. pp. 379-380 |
| 2009 | Dryolestoidea Rougier et al. p. 197 |
| 2011 | Dryolestoidea Rougier et al. p. 98 |
| 2024 | Dryolestoidea Connelly et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. †Dryolestoidea Butler 1939
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Or. †Dryolestida Prothero 1981
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Fm. †Casamiquelidae Bonaparte 2002
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G. †Crusafontia Henkel and Krebs 1969
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†Crusafontia amoae Cuenca-Bescos et al. 2011
†Crusafontia cuencana Henkel and Krebs 1969
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Invalid names: Pocamus pepelui Canudo and Cuenca-Bescós 1996 [synonym]
Invalid names: Pocamus Canudo and Cuenca-Bescós 1996 [synonym]
Fm. †Donodontidae Sigogneau-Russell 1991
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Invalid names: Brandoniidae Bonaparte 1992 [empty]
Fm. †Dryolestidae Marsh 1879
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G. †Amblotherium Owen 1871
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†Amblotherium megistodon Foster et al. 2020
†Amblotherium nanum Owen 1871
†Amblotherium pusillum Owen 1866
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Invalid names: Achyrodon pusillus Owen 1871 [synonym], Stylodon robustus Owen 1866 [synonym]
†Amblotherium soricinum Owen 1871
Invalid names: Achyrodon Owen 1871 [synonym], Kurtodon Osborn 1887 [synonym], Laodon Marsh 1887 [synonym], Stylacodon Marsh 1879 [synonym], Stylodon Owen 1866 [replaced]
G. †Dryolestes Marsh 1878
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†Dryolestes leirensis Martin 1999
†Dryolestes obtusus Marsh 1880
†Dryolestes priscus Marsh 1878
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Invalid names: Asthenodon segnis Marsh 1887 [synonym], Herpetairus humilis Simpson 1929 [synonym], Laolestes grandis Simpson 1929 [synonym], Stylacodon validus Marsh 1880 [synonym]
†Dryolestes tenax Marsh 1889
†Dryolestes vorax Marsh 1879
Invalid names: Asthenodon Marsh 1887 [synonym]
G. †Groebertherium Bonaparte 1986
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†Groebertherium allenensis Rougier et al. 2009
†Groebertherium novasi Bonaparte 1986
†Groebertherium stipanicici Bonaparte 1986
G. †Herpetarius Simpson 1927
G. †Laolestes Simpson 1927
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†Laolestes andresi Martin 1999
†Laolestes eminens Simpson 1927
†Laolestes goodrichi Simpson 1929
†Laolestes hodsoni Clemens and Lees 1971
Or. †Meridiolestida Rougier et al. 2011
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G. †Austrotriconodon Bonaparte 1986
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†Austrotriconodon mckennai Bonaparte 1986
†Austrotriconodon sepulvedai Bonaparte 1992
Unr. †Mesungulatoidea Rougier et al. 2011
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Fm. †Mesungulatidae Bonaparte 1986
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G. †Mesungulatum Bonaparte and Soria 1985
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†Mesungulatum houssayi Bonaparte and Soria 1985
†Mesungulatum lamarquensis Rougier et al. 2009
Invalid names: Quirogatherium Bonaparte 1990 [synonym]
Invalid names: Peligrotheriidae Bonaparte et al. 1993 [empty], Reigitheriidae Bonaparte 1990 [empty]
G. †Necrolestes Ameghino 1891
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†Necrolestes mirabilis Goin et al. 2007
†Necrolestes patagonensis Ameghino 1891
Fm. †Paurodontidae Marsh 1887
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G. †Archaeotrigon Simpson 1927
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†Archaeotrigon brevimaxillus Simpson 1927
†Archaeotrigon distagmus Simpson 1929
G. †Dorsetodon Ensom and Sigogneau-Russell 1998
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†Dorsetodon haysomi Ensom and Sigogneau-Russell 1998
G. †Tathiodon Simpson 1927
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†Tathiodon agilis Simpson 1927
Invalid names: Tanaodon Simpson 1927 [replaced]
Invalid names: Amphitheriida Prothero 1981 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Luo et al. 2003, Carroll 1988, Hopson 1973, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range: base of the Bathonian to the top of the Santacrucian or 168.20000 to 16.30000 Ma
Collections (64 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bathonian | Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk) | Dryolestidae indet. (61891) | |
| Bathonian | Morocco (Figuig) | Dryolestida indet. (176120) | |
| Late/Upper Bathonian | United Kingdom (England) | Dryolestidae indet. (39075) | |
| Callovian | Kyrgyzstan (Jalal-Abad) | Paurodontidae indet. (46545) | |
| Kimmeridgian | Portugal (Leiria) | Paurodontidae indet., Dryolestidae indet., Dryolestes leirensis, Guimarotodus inflatus, Krebsotherium lusitanicum, Drescheratherium acutum, Henkelotherium guimarotae (24563) | |
| Kimmeridgian - Tithonian | USA (Utah) | Dryolestidae indet., Amblotherium sp., Herpetairus arcuatus, Amblotherium debilis, Dryolestes priscus, Amblotherium gracilis, Euthlastus cordiformis, Araeodon intermissus (53035) | |
| Kimmeridgian - Tithonian | USA (Wyoming) | Archaeotrigon sp., Laolestes sp., Comotherium richi, Melanodon oweni, Dryolestes arcuatus, Laolestes eminens, Dryolestes priscus, Dryolestes vorax, Dryolestes gracilis, Asthenodon segnis, Stylacodon validus, Paurodon valens, Archaeotrigon brevimaxillus, Tanaodon agilis, Laodon venustus, Stylacodon gracilis, Malthacolestes osborni, Euthlastus cordiformis, Miccylotyrans minimus, Pelicopsis dubius, Melanodon goodrichi, Herpetairus humilis, Laolestes grandis, Dryolestes obtusus (12816) Comotherium richi, Laolestes eminens, Amblotherium gracilis (39431) Dryolestes sp. (13212) Dryolestidae indet., Amblotherium megistodon (49636) | |
| Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | Portugal (Centro) | Dryolestidae indet. (49304) Laolestes andresi, Portopinheirodon asymmetricus (69708) | |
| Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | Portugal (Lourinha) | Dryolestidae indet. (154213) | |
| Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian | USA (Colorado) | Kepolestes coloradensis, Dryolestes gracilis (28366) | |
| Early/Lower Tithonian | USA (Wyoming) | Dryolestes sp., Laolestes sp. (56654) | |
| Early/Lower Tithonian | USA (Utah) | Paurodontidae indet., Dryolestes priscus (191718) | |
| Early/Lower Tithonian | USA (Colorado) | Paurodontidae indet., Eupantotheria indet. (71476) | |
| Tithonian | USA (Colorado) | Dryolestidae indet. (48161) Paurodontidae indet., Dryolestidae indet. (53040) | |
| Tithonian | USA (Utah) | Dryolestes sp., Euthlastus sp. (57913) | |
| Tithonian | USA (Wyoming) | Amblotherium sp., Herpetarius humilis, Comotherium richi, Dryolestoidea indet., Amblotherium debilis, Laolestes eminens, Dryolestes priscus, Melanodon goodrichi (39426) Amblotherium sp., Laolestes eminens, Dryolestoidea indet. (39427) Foxraptor atrox (39412) | |
| Late/Upper Tithonian - Early/Lower Berriasian | Morocco (Figuig) | Dryolestidae indet. (204979) Dryolestidae indet., Donodon sp. (204990) Dryolestidae indet., Dryolestoidea indet., Donodon perscriptoris (204936) Dryolestoidea indet., Donodon perscriptoris (204918) | |
| Late/Upper Tithonian - Early/Lower Berriasian | Morocco (Oriental) | Dryolestidae indet., Donodon prescriptoris (45726) | |
| Early/Lower Berriasian - Middle Berriasian | United Kingdom (England) | Amblotherium sp., Peraspalax sp., Phascolestes sp., Dorsetodon haysomi (28401) | |
| Early/Lower Berriasian - Middle Berriasian | France (Poitou-Charentes) | Dryolestidae indet. (61930) | |
| Berriasian | France (Poitou-Charentes) | Dryolestidae indet. (142093) | |
| Middle Berriasian | United Kingdom (England) | Dryolestidae indet., Amblotherium sp., Amblotherium soricinum, Peraspalax talpoides, Kurtodon pusillus, Amblotherium mustelula, Achyrodon nanus, Achyrodon pusillus, Stylodon pusillus, Stylodon robustus, Phascolestes longirostris (72142) Paurodontidae indet. (122769) | |
| Late/Upper Berriasian - Late/Upper Valanginian | USA (South Dakota) | Lakotalestes luoi (135449) | |
| Early/Lower Valanginian | United Kingdom (England) | Melanodon goodrichi (102993) Melanodon hodsoni (117934) | |
| Late/Upper Valanginian - Early/Lower Barremian | USA (South Dakota) | Lakotalestes luoi (135450) | |
| Late/Upper Hauterivian | Spain (Aragón) | Crusafontia amoae (89871) | |
| Early/Lower Barremian | Spain (Aragón) | Crusafontia amoae (61409) Pocamus pepelui (89275) | |
| Early/Lower Barremian | Spain (Teruel) | Crusafontia cuencana (36365) | |
| Late/Upper Barremian | Spain (Cuenca) | Crusafontia cuencana (61319) | |
| Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian | Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia) | Minutolestes submersus, Beckumia sinemeckelia (152548) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | Argentina (Río Negro) | Cronopio dentiacutus (225915) | |
| Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian | Argentina (Neuquén) | Mesungulatidae indet. (84310) | |
| Campanian | Argentina (Río Negro) | Mesungulatoidea indet. (239490) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian | Argentina (Río Negro) | Dryolestidae indet. (132358) | |
| Judithian | USA (Wyoming) | Dryolestidae indet. (14465) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Argentina (Río Negro) | Austrotriconodon sepulvedai, Reigitherium bunodonta, Casamiquelia rionegrina, Brandonia intermedia, Barberenia araujoae, Quirogatherium major, Leonardus cuspidatus (231686) Groebertherium indet., Groebertherium stipanicici, Groebertherium novasi, Mesungulatum houssayi, Mesungulatidae indet., Austrotriconodon mckennai, Meridiolestida indet., Rougietherium tricuspes, Alamitherium bishopi, Paraungulatum rectangularis (45087) Mesungulatum lamarquensis, Brandonia sp., Groebertherium stipanicici, Barberenia allenensis (48999) Mesungulatum lamarquensis, Paraungulatum sp., Solanutherium walshi, Groebertherium allenensis (235138) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Chile (Última Esperanza) | Orretherium tzen (210648) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Bolivia (Cochabamba) | Dryolestoidea indet. 1 (12855) | |
| Maastrichtian | Argentina (Chubut) | Coloniatherium cilinskii (121188 121189) Coloniatherium cilinskii, Reigitherium bunodontum (121187) Reigitherium bunodontum (36447 193738) | |
| Danian | Argentina (Chubut) | Peligrotherium tropicalis (95914) | |
| Aquitanian | Argentina | Necrolestes patagonensis (206766) | |
| Colhuehuapian | Argentina (Chubut) | Necrolestes mirabilis (141368) | |
| Santacrucian | Argentina | Necrolestes patagonensis (206768) | |
| Santacrucian | Argentina (Santa Cruz) | Necrolestes patagonensis (142533) |