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Peloneustes philarchus
Taxonomy
Plesiosaurus philarchus was named by Seeley (1869). Its type specimen is CAMSM J.46913, a partial skeleton, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Peterborough area, Porter Collection, which is in a Callovian offshore mudstone in the Oxford Clay Formation of the United Kingdom. It is the type species of Peloneustes.
It was recombined as Thaumatosaurus philarchus by Lydekker (1888); it was recombined as Peloneustes philarchus by Lydekker (1889), Lydekker (1889), Andrews (1913), Swinton (1934), Tarlo (1960), O'Keefe (2001), Araujo et al. (2008), Ketchum and Benson (2011).
It was recombined as Thaumatosaurus philarchus by Lydekker (1888); it was recombined as Peloneustes philarchus by Lydekker (1889), Lydekker (1889), Andrews (1913), Swinton (1934), Tarlo (1960), O'Keefe (2001), Araujo et al. (2008), Ketchum and Benson (2011).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1869 | Plesiosaurus philarchus Seeley pp. 139-140 |
| 1888 | Thaumatosaurus philarchus Lydekker p. 353 |
| 1889 | Peloneustes philarchus Lydekker p. 49 figs. 4-9 |
| 1913 | Peloneustes philarchus Andrews p. 62 |
| 1934 | Peloneustes philarchus Swinton p. 61 |
| 1960 | Peloneustes philarchus Tarlo pp. 169-171 figs. 9 & pl. 26 |
| 2001 | Peloneustes philarchus O'Keefe p. 13 |
| 2008 | Peloneustes philarchus Araujo et al. p. 25 fig. 6 |
| 2011 | Peloneustes philarchus Ketchum and Benson figs. Text-figs. 1-14; Pls. 1-3 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Peloneustes philarchus Seeley 1869
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Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| H. F. Ketchum and R. B. J. Benson 2011 | "Pliosaurid with one autapomorphy: interdentary symphysis is raised dorsally on a narrow platform."
"The following combination of character states is unique to P. philarchus (modified from Tarlo (1960, p. 169)): six teeth in the premaxilla; diastema between maxillary and premaxillary teeth narrow; frontal enters orbit margin and contacts external naris; palatine contacts the internal naris; elongate cultriform process of the parasphenoid exposed on the ventral surface of the palate; mandibular symphysis incorporates 13–15 pairs of teeth; mandibular symphysis incorporates the coronoids; 36–44 teeth in each dentary; dentary alveoli 2–7 enlarged relative to more posterior alveoli mandibular symphysis widest at tooth position 5–6; teeth circular in cross-section with the entire circumference of tooth crown ornamented with ridges extending from the base of the enamel, ridges slightly more widely spaced on the convex edge than on the concave edge of the crown with short, medium and long ridges quite regularly spaced with few reaching the apex of the crown; axis intercentrum sub-rectangular and obscures atlas centrum from the ventral surface of complex; laterally compressed cervical neural spines." |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: superf = superfamily, o = order | |||||
| References: Hampe 2005, Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range: base of the Late/Upper Callovian to the top of the Callovian or 164.70000 to 163.50000 Ma
Collections (11 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Callovian | United Kingdom (England) | Peloneustes philarchus (130656 133586 133587 141861 141874) Plesiosaurus philarchus (type locality: 119669) | |
| Late/Upper Callovian | France (Nord-Pas-de-Calais) | Peloneustes philarchus (119668 144756) | |
| Middle Callovian | United Kingdom (England) | Peloneustes philarchus (109800 133067 142299) |