PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Ctena

Bivalvia - Lucinida - Lucinidae

Taxonomy

Ctena was named by Mörch (1860) [Sepkoski's age data: T Eo-m R]. It is extant.

It was reranked as Codakia (Ctena) by da Silva Forti (1969), Freneix et al. (1988).

It was assigned to Lucininae by Cox et al. (1969), Vokes (1980), Moore (1988); to Codakia by da Silva Forti (1969), Freneix et al. (1988); to Veneroida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Lucinidae by Gardner (1943), Lamprell and Whitehead (1992), Vera-Peláez et al. (2004), Glover and Taylor (2007).

Species

Codakia (Ctena) decussata, Codakia (Jagonia) guppyi, Codakia (Jagonia) vendryesi, C. (Ctena), C. (Talocodakia), C. bella, C. galapagana, C. orbiculata, C. prechiquita, Jagonia peruviana, Lucina parvilineata

Species lacking formal opinion data

C. vendryesi

Synonyms

Jagonia was named by Recluz (1869). It is extant.

It was reranked as Lucina (Jagonia) by Dolfus and Dautzenberg (1912) and Dolfus and Dautzenberg (1912); it was synonymized subjectively with Ctena by Gardner (1943); it was reranked as Codakia (Jagonia) by Dall (1898), Dall (1901), Woodring (1925) and Abrard (1946).

It was assigned to Lucina by Dolfus and Dautzenberg (1912) and Dolfus and Dautzenberg (1912); to Lucinidae by Olsson (1931); and to Codakia by Dall (1898), Dall (1901), Woodring (1925) and Abrard (1946).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1860	Ctena Mörch p. 201
1869	Jagonia Recluz p. 37
1898	Codakia (Jagonia) Dall p. 1350
1901	Codakia (Jagonia) Dall pp. 801, 823
1912	Lucina (Jagonia) Dolfus and Dautzenberg p. 257
1925	Codakia (Jagonia) Woodring p. 108
1931	Jagonia Olsson p. 51
1943	Ctena Gardner p. 74
1946	Codakia (Jagonia) Abrard p. 100
1969	Ctena Cox et al. p. 494
1969	Codakia (Ctena) da Silva Forti p. 80
1980	Ctena Vokes p. 101
1988	Codakia (Ctena) Freneix et al. p. 418
1988	Ctena Moore p. D12
1992	Ctena Lamprell and Whitehead p. 44
2002	Ctena Sepkoski
2004	Ctena Vera-Peláez et al. p. 255
2007	Ctena Glover and Taylor p. 134

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Bivalvia
—	Eubivalvia

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Autobranchia	(Groblen 1894)
infraclass	Heteroconchia	(Gray 1854)
—	Cardiomorphi	Ferussac 1822
—	Cardioni	Ferussac 1822
—	Lucinidia	Gray 1854
order	Lucinida	(Stoliczka 1871)
superfamily	Lucinoidea	Fleming 1828
family	Lucinidae	Fleming 1828
genus	Ctena	Mörch 1860

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Ctena Mörch 1860

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Codakia (Ctena) decussata Costa 1829

Subg. Ctena (Ctena) Mörch 1860

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Ctena (Ctena) divergens Philippi 1850

†Ctena (Ctena) magnoliana Dall 1903

Ctena (Ctena) mexicana Dall 1901

†Ctena (Ctena) microimbricata Gardner 1943

†Ctena (Ctena) speciosa Rogers and Rogers 1837

Subg. Ctena (Talocodakia) Iredale 1936

†Ctena bella Conrad 1837

Ctena galapagana Dall 1901

Ctena orbiculata Montagu 1808

†Ctena prechiquita Fischer 1986

†Lucina parvilineata Shumard 1861

Invalid names: Jagonia Recluz 1869 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

aragonitef

Locomotion:

facultatively mobileg

Life habit:

infaunalg

Diet:

chemosymbioticg

Vision:

blindc

Comments:

LIFE HISTORY: IS, MA, UN, DC according to Todd (2001).g

Created:

2009-09-09 13:59:17

Modified:

2009-09-09 16:02:20

Source: g = genus, f = family, c = class

References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Kiessling 2004, Sanchez Roig 1926

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Campanian to the top of the Holocene or 83.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 72.2 Ma

Collections (154 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Texas)	C. parvilineata (7472 7481 7482 7499 7504 7507 7510)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Texas)	C. parvilineata (7560)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Alabama)	Lucina parvilineata (4259)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (New Jersey)	C. parvilineata (1313) Lucina parvilineata (4380)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Alabama)	Lucina parvilineata (83239)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Texas)	C. parvilineata (1392 1393 1394 7480)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	France (Essonne)	C. sqamosa (9135) C. squamosa (9067 9072 9073 9075 9076 9077 9078 9079 9098 9114 9128 9130 9131 9132 9133 9134 9169 9171 9172 9173 9174 9175 9177 9179 9180 9181 9193 9266 9267 9268 9269)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	Peru (Piura)	Codakia peruviana (55441)
Rupelian	33.9 - 27.3	Germany	C. squamosa (95898)
Oligocene	33.9 - 23.04	France (Essonne)	C. squamosa (9129 9270)
Chattian - Aquitanian	27.3 - 20.45	USA (Florida)	Codakia scurra (60985)
Aquitanian	23.04 - 20.45	France (Aquitaine)	C. reticulatoides (74865)
Burdigalian	20.45 - 15.98	Italy	C. reticulata (178108 178110)
Burdigalian	20.45 - 15.98	USA (Florida)	Codakia chipolana (42443) Codakia erosa (41760 42281 42328)
Burdigalian	20.45 - 15.98	Germany	C. decussata (111599)
Langhian	15.98 - 13.82	Japan	C. hataii (176558)
Langhian	15.98 - 13.82	Dominican Republic	C. vendryesi (74958)
Middle Miocene	15.98 - 11.63	Bulgaria	C. decussata (60288 60289 60291)
Middle Miocene	15.98 - 11.63	Poland	C. decussata (51689 51690 51691 70539)
Badenian	13.82 - 12.8	Poland	C. decussata (51687)
Badenian	13.82 - 12.8	Slovakia	C. exigua, C. decussata (73137)
Serravallian	13.82 - 11.63	Hungary	C. decussata (34739)
Tortonian	11.63 - 7.246	Cyprus	Lucina reticulata (71884 71899)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.63 - 5.333	Venezuela	Codakia orbiculata (92751)
Tortonian - Messinian	11.63 - 5.333	Spain	Codakia decussata (69788) Codakia sp. (69787)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	Algeria	Codakia decussata (70786 70862 70864 70882 70884 70886)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	Morocco	Codakia decussata (34723 69860)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	USA (South Carolina)	C. speciosa (60939)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	Japan	Codakia okinawazimana (96673 96675)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	Venezuela (Sucre)	Codakia umbonicostata (41543)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	Greece (Rhodes)	C. decussata (122994)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	Belgium	C. decorata (86802)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	USA (South Carolina)	C. speciosa (60940)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	Dominican Republic	C. vendryesi (74964)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.58	Ecuador	C. galapagana (96595 96596)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.58	USA (North Carolina)	C. speciosa, C. magnoliana, C. microimbricata (59307)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.58	Venezuela	C. orbiculata (131217 131237)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.58	USA (Florida)	Codakia leonensis, Codakia speciosa (59487) Codakia speciosa, Codakia magnoliana (59484)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.58	Jamaica	Codakia vendreysi, Codakia guppyi (58522) C. vendryesi (69090 69093 69094)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.58	USA (Virginia)	C. speciosa (78262)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.58	Belgium	C. decorata (86804 86805)
Early/Lower Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.774	Panama	Codakia orbiculata (80304)
Early/Lower Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.774	USA (Florida)	Codakia orbiculata (79331 79336)
Early/Lower Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.774	Italy	C. decussata (78312)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.0117	Italy (Livorno)	C. decussata (173663)
Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.0117	Haiti	Codakia sp. (60888)
Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.0117	Cuba	Lucina squamosa (66775)
Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.0117	Costa Rica	C. prechiquita (135044)
Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.0117	Ecuador	C. galapagana (62040)
Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.0117	Dominican Republic	Codakia orbiculata (75422)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	USA (Florida)	Codakia orbiculata (67069)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	Angola	C. eburnea (152644)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	Bermuda	Codakia orbiculata (67947 67961 67962 67966 67969)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.0117	USA (Hawaii)	C. bella (89294)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Cayman Islands	Codakia orbiculata (80837 80853 80854)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)	0.129 - 0.0117	Jamaica	Codakia orbiculata (80407 80408)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Hawaii)	C. bella (89289 89290 89402)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Mexico (Baja California Sur)	Codakia mexicana (89597)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	French Polynesia	C. bella (194003)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Spain	C. decussata (76579) Jagonia eburnea (127359)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Djibouti	Codakia divergens (96793)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)	0.129 - 0.0117	Mexico (Baja California)	C. mexicana (89573 194399 194406)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Bermuda	Codakia orbiculata (67948 67965)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Seychelles	C. fibula (80965) C. sp. (81009 81013)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Ecuador	Codakia galapagana (96866 96867)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Japan	Codakia divergens (88886)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Mexico (Sonora)	C. mexicana (44963)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	France	C. reticulata (56803)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Vanuatu	Codakia divergens (77907)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Brazil	Codakia orbiculata (72121)