Parent taxon: Proetida according to J. C. Lamsdell and P. A. Selden 2015
Sister taxa: Bathyuridae, Bathyuroidea, Cammingella, Dimeropygidae, Huanoproetus, Hystricuridae, Niachangella, Parapalebralia, Phaselops, Proetoidea, Pusillaboles, Radonia, Sperginaspis, Tayanaella, Tekinia, Telephinidae, Vitaella
Subtaxa: none
Ecology: fast-moving low-level epifaunal deposit feeder
Distribution:
• Permian of China (2 collections), Indonesia (1), Japan (2), the Russian Federation (1), Thailand (1), Ukraine (1), United States (3: Alaska, Texas)
• Namurian of Australia (1)
• Carboniferous of Australia (10), Belgium (9), China (3), France (3), Germany (5), Ireland (2), Slovenia (3), Spain (3), the United Kingdom (15), United States (37: Alaska, Iowa, Kentucky, Missouri, New Mexico, Ohio, Tennessee, Texas)
• Devonian of Australia (28), Austria (1), Belgium (6), Bolivia (2), Canada (19: Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Quebec, Yukon), China (9), Colombia (2), the Czech Republic (51), France (12), Germany (22), Italy (3), Morocco (50), Poland (2), the Russian Federation (2), Spain (8), United States (17: Alaska, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Missouri, Nevada, New York, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania), Uzbekistan (2), Vietnam (1)
• Whitwellian of Canada (5: Northwest Territories)
• Silurian to Devonian of United States (1: Oklahoma)
• Silurian of Algeria (1), Australia (7), Austria (1), Canada (39: Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Quebec, Yukon Territory), China (7), the Czech Republic (44), Estonia (2), Greenland (3), Ireland (1), Italy (1), Latvia (2), Morocco (3), Poland (1), Tajikistan (2), Ukraine (2), the United Kingdom (15), United States (22: Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, New York, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Wisconsin), Uzbekistan (1)
• Whiterockian of Norway (1), United States (3: New York)
• Arenigian of China (1)
• Arenig of France (1)
• Ordovician to Silurian of Canada (1: Québec)
• Ordovician of Belgium (2), Canada (10: Northwest Territories, Quebec), China (7), Estonia (1), Ireland (5), New Zealand (1), Norway (22), Portugal (2), the Russian Federation (3), Spain (4), Sweden (4), the United Kingdom (21), United States (18: Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri, Nevada, Oklahoma, Virginia)
Total: 606 collections including 789 occurrences