Angiospermae - Rosales - Rhamnaceae
Alternative spelling: Frangula
Parent taxon: Rhamnus according to M. E. J. Chandler 1963
Sister taxa: Rhamnus acuminatifolius, Rhamnus acuta, Rhamnus alaternoides, Rhamnus alaternus, Rhamnus alpinus, Rhamnus belmontensis, Rhamnus californica, Rhamnus calyptus, Rhamnus catharticus, Rhamnus cleburni, Rhamnus coushatta, Rhamnus crenatulus, Rhamnus crenatus, Rhamnus dechenii, Rhamnus deformatus, Rhamnus deletus, Rhamnus elegans, Rhamnus eoligniticus, Rhamnus eorectinervis, Rhamnus eridani, Rhamnus fischeri, Rhamnus florissantensis, Rhamnus gaudini, Rhamnus goldianus, Rhamnus hemsleyana, Rhamnus inaequilateralis, Rhamnus intermedius, Rhamnus jujuba, Rhamnus kansensis, Rhamnus kirchneri, Rhamnus lesquereuxi, Rhamnus lotus, Rhamnus marginatus, Rhamnus meriani, Rhamnus mudgei, Rhamnus napeca, Rhamnus newberryi, Rhamnus novaecaesareae, Rhamnus obovatus, Rhamnus oenopolia, Rhamnus paliurus, Rhamnus parvifolia, Rhamnus plenus, Rhamnus precalifornica, Rhamnus prunifolius, Rhamnus purshiana, Rhamnus puryearensis, Rhamnus quilchensis, Rhamnus rectinervis, Rhamnus revoluta, Rhamnus salicifolius, Rhamnus similis, Rhamnus spinachristi, Rhamnus tenax, Rhamnus utilis, Rhamnus virgata, Rhamnus washakiensis, Rhamnus williardi, Rhamnus woottonensis, Rhamnus zizyphus
Subtaxa: Frangula hordwellensis Rhamnus (Frangula) frangula
Ecology: "photoautotroph"
Distribution:
• Pliocene of Germany (2 collections)
• Miocene of Germany (2), the Russian Federation (1)
• Eocene of the United Kingdom (1)
Total: 6 collections each including a single occurrence