Echinoidea - Holasteroida - Holasteridae
Parent taxon: Holasteridae according to A. B. Smith 1991
See also Clark and Twitchell 1915, Kier 1984, Sepkoski 2002, Shmidt 1976 and Wagner and Durham 1966
Sister taxa: Aurelianaster, Basseaster, Cardiotaxis, Cibaster, Duncaniaster, Echinocorys, Entomaster, Galeaster, Ganbirretia, Garumnaster, Giraliaster, Guettaria, Hagenowia, Hemipneustes, Holaster, Infulaster, Ismidaster, Jeronia, Labrotaxis, Lampadaster, Lampadocorys, Messaoudia, Offaster, Opisopneustes, Paronaster, Pseudananchys, Pseudoffaster, Pseudoholaster, Rispolia, Scagliaster, Stegaster, Taphraster, Tholaster, Titanaster, Toxopatagus, Zumoffenia
Subtaxa: Cardiaster batnensis Cardiaster bolschechetensis Cardiaster cubensis Cardiaster curtus Cardiaster deciper Cardiaster granulosus Cardiaster jugatus Cardiaster leonensis Cardiaster marylandicus Cardiaster palmeri Cardiaster patagonicus Cardiaster smocki
Ecology: semi-infaunal detritivore
Distribution:
• Eocene of New Zealand (1 collection)
• Cretaceous to Paleogene of the Netherlands (2)
• Cretaceous of Austria (1), Belgium (8), Brazil (3), Chile (3), Cuba (3), France (3), Germany (8), the Netherlands (2), the Russian Federation (1), Spain (22), the United Kingdom (1), United States (12: Arkansas, Maryland, Montana, New Jersey, Texas)
Total: 70 collections including 72 occurrences
Specimen images are retrieved through the ePANDDA API.
Click image to enlarge. Click to access iDigBio record.