Pipe Creek Sinkhole (Neogene to of the United States)

Where: Grant County, Indiana (40.5° N, 85.8° W)

• Paleocoordinates: 41.5° N, 83.1° W (Wright 2013)

• coordinate stated in text

When: Late/Upper Hemphillian to Late/Upper Hemphillian (10.3 - 4.9 Ma)

• said to be late Hemphillian to early Blancan

Environment/lithology: terrestrial

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Primary reference: J. O. Farlow, J. A. Sunderman, J. J. Havens, A. L. Swinehart, J. A. Holman, R. L. Richards, N. G. Miller, R. A. Martin, R. M. Hunt, Jr., G. W. Storrs, B. B. Curry, R. H. Fluegeman, M. R. Dawson and M. E. T. Flint. 2001. The Pipe Creek Sinkhole biota, a diverse late Tertiary continental fossil assemblage from Grant County, Indiana. American Midland Naturalist 145(2):367-378 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]more details

PaleoDB collection 18320: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 15.05.2002

Creative Commons license: CC0 (CC0)

Taxonomic list

• preliminary report published by Farlow et al. 1998
Show authors, comments, and common names
unclassified
  -
Potamocypris aff. unicaudata
 Charales - Characea
Chara sp.
Chara sp. Linnaeus 1753 stonewort
Angiospermae
 Alismatales - Potamogetonaceae
Potamogeton sp.
Potamogeton sp. Linnaeus 1753 pondweed
Dicotyledoneae
 Ericales - Ericaceae
cf. Lyonia sp.
Angiospermae
 Proteales - Platanaceae
Platanus occidentalis
Platanus occidentalis Linnaeus 1753 plane tree
 Caryophyllales -
Caryophyllales indet.
Caryophyllales indet. Berchtold and Presl 1820
 Caryophyllales - Polygonaceae
Polygonum sp., Rumex sp.
Polygonum sp. Linnaeus 1753 knotweed
Rumex sp. Linnaeus 1753 dock
 Boraginales - Boraginaceae
Boraginaceae indet.
Boraginaceae indet. de Jussieu 1789 borage
 Asterales - Asteraceae
"Compositae indet." = Asteraceae, Xanthium sp.
"Compositae indet." = Asteraceae Berchtold and Presl 1820 daisy
Xanthium sp. Linnaeus 1753 cocklebur
 Poales - Cyperaceae
Cyperus sp., Carex sp., Scirpus sp.
Cyperus sp. Linnaeus 1753 sedge
Carex sp. Linnaeus 1753 sedge
Scirpus sp. Linnaeus 1753 sedge
 Poales - Poaceae
Poaceae indet.
Poaceae indet. Barnhart 1895 grass
"grasses"
 Vitales - Vitaceae
Vitis sp.
Vitis sp. Linnaeus 1753 grapevine
 Rosales - Rosaceae
Potentilla sp.
Potentilla sp. Linnaeus 1753 cinquefoil
 Fagales - Juglandaceae
Carya sp.
Carya sp. Nuttall 1818 hickory
 Fagales - Myricaceae
cf. Comptonia sp.
cf. Comptonia sp. L'Héritier de Brutelle 1789
 Fagales - Fagaceae
Fagus cf. grandifolia
 Malpighiales - Salicaceae
Salix sp., Populus cf. deltoides
Salix sp. Linnaeus 1753 willow
Populus cf. deltoides Marshall 1785 poplar
 Sapindales - Sapindaceae
Acer sp.
Acer sp. Linnaeus 1753 maple
Oxalis
  -
Oxalis sp.
Oxalis sp. Linnaeus 1753 sorrel
Viola
  -
Viola sp.
Viola sp. Linnaeus 1753 violet
Musci
 Bryales - Bryaceae
Bryum sp.
Bryum sp. Hedwig 1801
Verbena
  -
Verbena sp.
Verbena sp. Linnaeus 1753
Insecta
 Dicondylia -
Coleoptera indet.
Coleoptera indet. Linnaeus 1758 beetle
Ostracoda
 Podocopida - Cyprididae
Cypridopsis aff. okeechobei, Cypridopsis cf. vidua
 Podocopida - Candonidae
Candona cf. crogmaniana, Candona aff. elliptica
Gastropoda
  -
Gastropoda indet.
Gastropoda indet. Cuvier 1795 snail
Actinopteri
 Teleostei -
Teleostei indet.
Amphibia
 Salientia - Ranidae
Rana sp., Rana cf. catesbeiana
Rana sp. Linnaeus 1758 frog
"pipiens complex"
Rana cf. catesbeiana Shaw 1802 American bullfrog
 Salientia - Bufonidae
Bufo sp.
Bufo sp. Laurenti 1768 toad
 Caudata - Urodela
Plethodontidae indet.
Plethodontidae indet. Gray 1850 lungless salamander
Mammalia
 Lagomorpha - Leporidae
Hypolagus cf. fontinalis
Hypolagus cf. fontinalis Dawson 1958 rabbit
 Rodentia - Cricetidae
Ogmodontomys pipecreekensis n. sp., Pliophenacomys koenigswaldi n. sp., Symmetrodontomys daamsi n. sp., Bensonomys hershkovitzi n. sp.
Ogmodontomys pipecreekensis n. sp. Martin et al. 2002 rodent
Pliophenacomys koenigswaldi n. sp. Martin et al. 2002 rodent
Symmetrodontomys daamsi n. sp. Martin et al. 2002 rodent
Bensonomys hershkovitzi n. sp. Martin et al. 2002 rodent
 Rodentia - Sciuridae
Spermophilus sp., Spermophilus howelli
Spermophilus sp. Cuvier 1825 ground squirrel
Spermophilus howelli Hibbard 1941 ground squirrel
 Rodentia - Castoridae
Castoridae indet.
Castoridae indet. Gray 1821 beaver
"Castor or Dipoides"
 Rodentia - Geomyidae
Geomys cf. adamsi
Geomys cf. adamsi Hibbard 1967 pocket gopher
 Soricomorpha - Talpidae
Talpidae indet.
Talpidae indet. Fischer de Waldheim 1817 mole
 Carnivora - Ursidae
Plionarctos edensis
Plionarctos edensis Frick 1926 bear
 Carnivora - Canidae
Borophagus sp., Vulpes sp., cf. Canis sp.
Borophagus sp. Cope 1892 bone-crushing dog
Vulpes sp. Frisch 1775 fox
cf. Canis sp. Linnaeus 1758 canine
 Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
Teleoceras sp.
Teleoceras sp. Hatcher 1894 rhinoceros
 Artiodactyla - Camelidae
Camelidae indet., cf. Aepycamelus sp., cf. Hemiauchenia sp.
Camelidae indet. Gray 1821 camel
"cf. Titanotylopus or Gigantocamelus"
cf. Aepycamelus sp. Macdonald 1956 camel
cf. Hemiauchenia sp. Gervais and Ameghino 1880 camel
 Artiodactyla - Tayassuidae
Tayassuidae indet.
Tayassuidae indet. Palmer 1897 peccary
"large"
 Artiodactyla -
Cervoidea indet.
Cervoidea indet. ruminant
"Odocoileus-sized"
Reptilia
 Squamata - Colubridae
Nerodia sp., Nerodia cf. erythrogaster, Paleoheterodon tiheni, Thamnophis sp., Elaphe sp., Coluber constrictor, Paracoluber storei
Nerodia sp. Baird and Girard 1853 water snake
Nerodia cf. erythrogaster Clark 1903 plain-bellied water snake
Paleoheterodon tiheni Holman 1964 colubrid snake
Thamnophis sp. Fitzinger 1843 garter snake
Elaphe sp. Wagler 1833 colubrid snake
Coluber constrictor Linnaeus 1758 black racer
Paracoluber storei colubrid snake
 Testudines - Chelydridae
Chelydra cf. serpentina
Chelydra cf. serpentina Linnaeus 1758 Common snapping turtle
 Testudines - Emydidae
Emydoidea cf. blandingii, Trachemys cf. scripta, Chrysemys cf. picta
Emydoidea cf. blandingii Holbrook 1838 Blanding's turtle
Trachemys cf. scripta Schoepff 1792 slider
Chrysemys cf. picta Schneider 1783 painted turtle
 Testudines - Testudinidae
Hesperotestudo sp.
Hesperotestudo sp. Williams 1950 turtle
Aves
 Passeriformes -
Passeriformes indet.
Passeriformes indet. Linnaeus 1758 perching bird
"small passerine"